Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2022 Prediction

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This paper consists of three sections A, B and C. Answer all questions in section A and B.
2. Answer two questions from Section C
3. Answer to ALL questions MUST be written in the spaces provided.

SECTION A (30MARKS)
Answer all question in the spaces provided

1. Name a pig breed with the following features White body colour, erect ears, dished snout, big in body size.(½mk)
2. What does the term ‘epistasis’ mean in livestock improvement? (1mks)
3. Give four reasons of treating timber before roofing farm buildings. (2mks)
4. State four abnormalities of eggs that can be detected during egg candling. (2mks)
5. Give two parasites of cattle which are also disease vectors (1mks)
6. State four ways of minimizing disowning of lambs by ewes (2mk)
7. Name a tool used for tightening barbed wires fencing (½ mk)
8. Mention two predisposing factors of foot rot disease in sheep (1mk)
9. State four advantages of hedges (2mks)
10.      
    1. Define the term “Zoonotic disease” (1mk)
    2. Give two examples of Zoonotic diseases (2mk)
11. Name the three methods of livestock selection (1 ½ mks)
12. Differentiate between the following breed terms. (2mks)
    
    1. Bull and Bullock
    2. Billy and Nanny
13. Calculate how much of wheat (35%) D.C.P) would be mixed with sunflower feed cake (10%) D.C.P) to come up with 100kg duck mash 20% D.C.P. (3mks)
14. State four good qualities of honey (2mks)
15. State four desirable features of a rabbit hutch (2mks)
16. State two importance of damp proof material in foundation of farm structures (1 mk)
17. Why is it necessary to provide grit to birds (1mk)
18. Name three dual purpose breeds of cattle (1 ½ mk)
19. State four ways in which vaccines may be administered to animals (2mks)

SECTION B
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

20. The illustration below represents equipment used in poultry production. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
    
    
    1. Identify the equipment (1 mk)
    2. Name the parts labeled A, B and C (1 ½ mks)
       A. …………………
       B. …………………
       C. …………………
    3. What is the function of the parts labeled A, B and C (1 ½ mks)
       A. …………………
       B. …………………
       C. …………………
    4. Why is it important to turn the eggs around 180° every 6 – 8 hrs? (1 mk)
21. Study the illustration below and answer the questions that follow.
    
    
    1. Identify the parts labeled D, E, F and G. (2 mks)
       D.……………………
       E..……………………
       F..……………………
       G..……………………
    2. State two uses of part labeled F (1 mk)
    3. Outline two reasons why it is important to have the structure labeled G at the edge of the roofing materials (2mks)
22. Study the diagram of a biogas plant below and answer the questions that follow.
    
    
    1. Name the main component of biogas that is trapped in part L. (1 mk)
    2. Give the name and use of the materials deposited in the part labeled M (1 mk)
    3. What is the component K in the biogas digester? (1 mk)
    4. State two uses of biogas on the farm. (2 mks
23. Below are illustrations of farm tools and equipment. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follows.
    
    
    1. Identify the above tools. (2mrks)
       M…………………………………………………………………………………………...
       N……………………………………………………………………………………...……
       P………………………………………………………………………………………….
       R ………………………………………………………………………………………….
    2. State one main use of each tool. (1mrk)
       M………………………………………………………………………………………….
       R………………………………………………………………………………………….
    3. State two maintenance practices carried out on tool P. (2mrks)

SECTION C ( 40 MARKS )
Answer any TWO questions in this section.

24.    
    1. Describe Newcastle disease under the following sub-headings:
       1. causal organism; (1 mark)
       2. Signs of infection. (7marks)
       3. Control measures. (2 marks)
    2. Describe the advantages of battery system of rearing layers. (10 marks)
25.        
    1. Describe the biotic factors that affect livestock production. (8 marks)
    2. Explain four advantages of farm mechanization. (8 marks)
    3. State four factors that influence milk let-down in cows. (4 marks)
26.      
    1. Describe the daily maintenance and servicing of a tractor before use. (10 marks)
    2. Explain five signs of ill-health in livestock. (10 marks)

Marking Scheme

1. Large white
2. Epistasis is s combination of genes which on their own could have been inferior on undesirable
3. four reasons of treating timber before roofing farm buildings 
   
   • Prevent attack from insects
   • Prevent attack from fungi (rotting)
   • Resist weather condition: -extreme temperature
   • Resist water penetration
   • To harden wood/make it durable and more strong
   • To avoid warping
4. four abnormalities of eggs that can be detected during egg 
   • Absence of yolk
   • Double / triple yolk
   • Air space in wrong position
   • Excessively large air space
   • Cracks on egg shell
   • Blood / meat spots
   • Deformed / broken yolk
5.        
   • Tsetse flies
   • Ticks 
6. Steaming up of ewes to have milk to be suckled
   • Use of lambing pens
   • Ewes are made to recognize lambs after lambs
   • Blind folding ewes to activate maternal instinct 
   • Attend/ treat inflamed udders/ painful
7. Monkey strainer/wire strainer 
8.      
   • Filthy surroundings g. wet and muddy areas cracking of the hooves
   • Sharp objects in pastures
   • Overgrown hooves/elongated hooves 
9.      
   • Provide shade to livestock
   • Cheap and easy to establish
   • Tall varieties act as wind breakers g. kai apple
   • Have aesthetic value/beauty
   • Roots hold soil firmly controlling soil erosion
   • Some can be used as livestock feed 
10.      
    1. Are diseases that are transmitted from animal to man or from man to animal 
    2. Anthrax, Brucellosis, Rabies, Tuberculosis, Rift-valley fever, Trichomoniasis, Mad cow disease
11.      
    • mass selection
    • Progeny testing
    • Contemporary comparison 
12. bull – mature male cattle - Bullock -mature castrated male cattle 
    Billy –mature male goat - Nanny –mature female goat 
13. 
    
    10 x 100 = 40 kg of wheat 
    25
    15 x 100 = 60kg of sunflower cake 
    25
14.      
    • Purity – free from wax/wings/smoke/combs
    • Colour – brown yellow
    • Viscosity – not dilute or too thick
    • Smell – right smell not of rotten combs 
15.      
    • Spacious 
    • High above the ground/well drained site
    • Well ventilated
    • Well lit
    • Leak proof roof
    • Draught free wall
16.      
    • To prevent moisture from raising up
    • To prevent/control termites from ascending
    • To prevent coldness from ascending 
17. To aid in griding grains into paste by thick muscle of the gizzard 
18.      
    • Sahiwal
    • Red poll
    • Simmental
    • Brown Swiss
19.         
    • Injection
    • Orally
    • By inhalation
    • Through the cloaca

SECTION B 

20.    
    1. Artificial incubator 
    2.          
       1. Thermometer
       2. Water bath/warm water
       3. Damp cloth 
    3.        
       1. To check temperature in the incubator
       2. Distribute the heat from heat source evenly/maintain relative humidity.
       3. Maintain relative humidity
    4. Ensure even distribution of warmth for even chick development 
       
21.         
    1. D - Rafter
       E - Cross tie
       F - Purlin
       G - Gutter
    2. To support roofing materials 
       to ensure that the roofing materials are firmly held after nailing on to the iron sheets. 
    3. G-
       
       1. To collect water to be stored in water
       2. To prevent rain water from splashing directly on to the
22.         
    1. Methane gas 
    2. Slurry – it is used for manuring crops on the farm 
    3. Animal wastes g. cow dung, poultry droppings and pig waste 
    4.      
       1. it is used for cooking and heating
       2. in some countries, biogas is used in internal combustion engines
       3. used for lighting
       4. Used to power any household electronic device (any electronic mention by name)
23.    
    1. Identify the above tools M-wrecking axe (claw axe)
       N-Drenching /dosing gun
       P-Hand drill
       R-prunning shears  
    2. State one main use of each tool M- splitting timber
       Removing nails from the timber
       R-Trimming hedges and shrubs
    3. State two maintenance practices carried out on tool P
       
       • Cleaning after use to remove dirt
       • Greasing/oiling the moving parts to reduce friction
       • Apply oil to prevent rusting

SECTION C

24.      
    1.      
       1. Newcastle disease.
          • Casual
          • virus
       2. Signs of attack:
          • Difficulty in breathing.
          • Beaks remain wide open and necks are strained
          • Dullness,
          • Birds stand with eyes closed all the time
          • Loss of appetite
          • Nasal discharge which force the birds to shake their heads to clear it
          • Birds walk in a staggering motion since the nervous system is affected
          • Often the birds have their heads down
          • Drooping wings
          • Birds produce watery greenish diarrhea
          • Eggs laid have soft shells
       3. Control Measures:
          • Vaccination during the first six weeks and then two to three months
          • Quarantine
          • Kill the infected birds and burn
          • Obtain stock from reputable source
    2.    
       • Records are easily kept therefore culling is easy
       • Birds do not become broody
       • More eggs are collected to restricted movement of hens and complete control of egg eating.
       • Tender meat is obtained from the culls because the muscles have not been toughered much
       • Handling is easier than in the other systems and individual attention to hens is given.
       • Stocking rate is very high
       • Vices are greatly reduced
       • Eggs are clean because hens do not step on them
       • Birds do not contaminate the food and water
       • Sick birds can be detected easily and isolated for treatment
       • Wire floors prevent re-infestation of parasitic worms and coccidiosis
       • No bullying during feeding
       • Low labour requirement
         Any 10 x 1 = 10 marks
25.      
    1.      
       1. Parasites lower field and quality of livestock production.
          • Some are vectors of livestock diseases.
       2. Pests reduce pasture and fodder available for livestock – termites destroy animal structure.
       3. Pathogens like protozoa, bacteria and viruses cause diseases
       4. Predators like lions, jackal, hyena and mongoose predate on livestock in the field and their houses. Birds predate on fish
       5. Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen into nitrates which improve proteins content and hence palatability of forage crops
       6. Weeds choke pastures, others lower quality of pasture grasses and livestock products e.g milk
       7. Denitrifying bacteria converts nitrites to nitrogen which reduces protein content and palatability of forage crops.
          Biotic factor 4mks
          Description  4mks
    2.      
       • Makes operations faster
       • Makes work easier and enjoyable
       • Improves efficiency as more work can be done over a short period of time
       • Economize on the use of labour
       • Increase production by benefiting from economies of scale
         Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks
         The point should be explained.
    3.      
       • Presence of calf.
       • Presence of milkman
       • Rattling of milk equipment
       • Site of food / feeding the animal
       • Massaging / washing the udder with warm water
       • Sight of milk parlour
         
26.    
    1.    
       1. Oil bath air cleaner A– Check for oil level add more if low.
       2. Battery – check for electrolyte level, and top up if low
          - Check terminals for tightness and corrosion clean and tighten if dirty.
       3. Fuel – check for fuel in tank and fill if low.
       4. Radiator – Check for water level and top up with clean water if low.
       5. Fan belt – check for fan belt tension and tighten if low.
       6. Engine oil – Check oil level using a dip stick and move if level is W
       7. Tyres – check tyre pressure and add more if pressure is low.
       8. Bolts, nuts and pins – check for tightness and tighten if loose. 
       9. Grease all moving parts by applying grease at grease nipples.
       10. Check sediments bowl and drain it if dirty
       11. Check for any visible anomalies and rectify them accordingly (10x1) marks
    2.      
       • Posture of the animal appears unusual compared to other animals of the same species.
       • Animals appetite is reduced
       • The skin coat would be staring or mated
       • Animal may isolate itself from others
       • It may be producing abnormal sounds, for example coughing or sneezing
       • Its appearance may be dull compared to others
       • Its faecal matter may be watery or very hard
       • It may be producing discharge from external openings, for example eyes and vulva.
         Any 5x2 = 10 marks