Questions
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
- This paper consist of three sections A, B and C.
- Answer all the questions in section A and B.
- .Answer any two questions in section C.
- All answers must be written in English.
SECTION A 30 MARKS
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
- Name four beef breeds of cattle. (2 marks)
- .Name the most appropriate tools used in the following operations(11/2marks)
- Removing metal chipping in files
- Cutting wood along the grains
- Branding
- Give four practices carried out on fish before preservation. (2 marks)
- Outline four reasons for steaming up a gestating a cow. (2 marks)
- .List four factors considered when selecting eggs for marketing. (2 marks)
- State three qualities of a good livestock ration. (11/2marks)
- Sate four advantages of carrying out raddling in sheep management. (2 marks)
- State four disadvantages of using a spray race in the farm. (2 marks)
- List four causes of sterility in dairy cows. (2 marks)
- List four effects of ticks on livestock bodies. (2marks)
- State four factors that influence selection of construction materials. (2 marks)
- Name three farm implements operated by the tractor’s P.T.O shaft. (11/2marks)
- State four reasons for debeaking in poultry production. (2 marks)
- Name three breeding diseases controlled through the use of artificial insemination. (11/2marks)
- Give four characteristics of a good vaccine. (2 marks)
- State four advantages of Kenya top bar hive in bee keeping. (2 marks)
SECTION B 20 MARKS
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
- The diagram illustrated below shows a petrol engine fuel system. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
- Name the parts labelled X, Y and Z. (3 marks)
- State the maintenance practice of the following parts;(2 marks)
- Fuel tank cap
- The carburetor
- The diagram below shows two methods of handling livestock in the farm. Study them and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the methods of handling livestock labelled L and M. (1 marks)
- Give two occasions when it may be necessary to carry out the practice labelled L above. (2 marks)
- Give two animal conditions under which method L above cannot be used. (2 marks)
- Below is structure used in poultry production. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the structure illustrated above. (1 mark)
- State the main function of the structure illustrated above. (1 mark)
- Give the main function of the following in the structure (3 marks)
- Water
- Source of heat
- Thermometer
- The diagrams illustrated below shows tools used in the farm. Study the carefully and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the tools labelled P and Q. (2 marks)
- State the use of the tools labelled M and N. (2 marks)
- Give two ways in which the tools illustrated above depreciate in value. (1 mark)
SECTION C 40 MARKS
ANSWER ONLY TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION IN THE SPACES PROVIDE AFTER THE QUESTIONS
-
- Explain ten advantages of battery cage system in poultry rearing. (10 marks)
- Outline the procedure of training a calf for bucket feeding. (5 marks)
- Outline five signs of tapeworm infestation. (5marks)
-
- Explain the functional differences between a disc plough and a mould board plough. (8 marks)
- Explain eight factors considered when siting farm structures. (8 marks)
- Outline four ways in which infectious diseases can spread in livestock production. (4 marks)
-
- Describe foot rot under the following sub-heading;
- Animals affected (1 mark)
- causal organism (1mark)
- Symptoms of attack (4marks)
- Control measures (4marks)
- Describe the function of various parts of a plunge dip.(10 marks)
- Describe foot rot under the following sub-heading;
Marking Scheme
- Name four beef breeds of cattle. (2 marks)
- Galloway
- Hereford
- Beef short horns
- Charolaise
- Aberdeen angus
- Name the most appropriate tools used in the following operations(11/2marks)
- Removing metal chipping in files
- Wire brush
- Cutting wood along the grains
- Rip saw
- Branding
- Branding iron
- Removing metal chipping in files
- Give four practices carried out on fish before preservation. (2 marks)
- Cleaning the fish to remove mud and worms
- Cleaning the abdominal cavity
- Keep fish in open containers
- Remove scales and slime
- Opening the fish on the side to remove gut and the intestines
- Outline four reasons for steaming up a gestating a cow. (2 marks)
- Hastens foetus growth and development
- Assists in the formation of colostrum
- Provide nutrients for the cow and the developing foetus
- Provides energy required during parturition
- List four factors considered when selecting eggs for marketing. (2 marks)
- Shape of the eggs
- Colour of the shell
- Size of the eggs
- Cleanliness of the eggs
- Free from abnormalities
- State three qualities of a good livestock ration. (11/2marks)
- Highly digestible
- Have a balanced nutrient
- Should be highly palatable
- Should be free from contaminations
- State four advantages of carrying out raddling in sheep management. (2 marks)
- To identify the sire of the lamb
- To identify barren ewes
- To identify infertile rams
- To identify the most fertile ewes
- State four disadvantages of using a spray race in the farm. (2 marks)
- High operational cost
- Requires high skilled labour
- Only economical with a large herd
- Nozzles tend to clog with dirt in the wash.
- List four causes of sterility in dairy cows. (2 marks)
- Damaged uterus
- Diseases of reproductive organs
- Blocked fallopian tubes
- Nutrient deficiency
- List four effects of ticks on livestock bodies. (2marks)
- They suck large volumes of blood causing anaemia
- They lower the quality of hides and skins
- They cause irritation
- They transmit livestock diseases
- State four factors that influence selection of construction materials. (2 marks)
- Farmers taste and preference
- The cost of the materials
- Workability of the materials
- Durability of the materials
- Availability of the materials
- Name three farm implements operated by the tractor’s P.T.O shaft. (11/2marks)
- Mowers
- Shellers
- Rotavators
- Forage harvesters
- State four reasons for debeaking in poultry production. (2 marks)
- To control cannibalism in birds
- To minimize egg eating
- To control toe pecking
- To control feather plucking
- Name three breeding diseases controlled through use of artificial insemination. (11/2marks)
- Brucellosis
- Trichomoniasis
- Vibriosis
- Vaginitis
- orchitis
- Give four characteristics of a good vaccine. (2 marks)
- Immunity it produces must be as good as natural immunity
- Should have a long keeping life
- Should be easy to administer to the animal
- Should have no side effects when administered into the animal’s body
- Should be compatible with other vaccines
- State four advantages of Kenya top bar hive in bee keeping. (2 marks)
- Easy to inspect the hive without disturbing the brood combs
- High quality honey is produced
- Cheap to construct as it uses locally available materials
- Harvesting of honey is easy
- The diagram illustrated below shows a petrol engine fuel system. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
- Name the parts labelled X, Y and Z.(3 marks)
- X fuel tank cap
- Y oil filter
- Z exhaust pipe
- State the maintenance practice of the following parts;(2 marks)
- Fuel tank cap
- Ensure it is tight without any leakage
- The carburetor
- Cleaning it regularly
- Fuel tank cap
- Name the parts labelled X, Y and Z.(3 marks)
- The diagram below shows two methods of handling livestock in the farm. Study them and answer the questions that follow. (229)
- Identify the methods of handling labelled L and M. (1 marks)
- L casting
- M use of a halter
- Give two occasions when it may be necessary to carry out the practice labelled L above. (2 marks)
- During examination
- During castration
- During dehorning
- When branding
- Give two animal conditions under which the method L above cannot be used. (2 marks)
- When the animal is in calf
- When the animal is fully fed
- Identify the methods of handling labelled L and M. (1 marks)
- Below is structure used in poultry production. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the structure illustrated above. (1 mark)
- An artificial incubator
- State the main function of the structure illustrated above. (1 mark)
- It provides an egg with all conditions suitable for embryonic development artificially
- Give the main function of the following in the structure (3 marks)
- Water
- Gives the required relative humidity
- Source of heat
- To provide the required warmth
- Thermometer
- To determine the actual temperature in the incubator
- Water
- Identify the structure illustrated above. (1 mark)
- The diagrams illustrated below shows tools used in the farm. Study the carefully and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the tools labelled P and Q. (2 marks)
- P wood float
- Q mason’s trowel
- State the use of the tools labelled M and N. (2 marks)
- M harvesting crops such as rice and wheat
- Cutting grass
- Cutting back pyrethrum
- N smoothen concrete and motor
- Hold motor before it is placed in position
- Give two ways in which the tools illustrated above depreciate in value. (1 mark)
- Tear
- Wear
- Obsolescence
- age
- Identify the tools labelled P and Q. (2 marks)
-
- Explain ten advantages of battery cage system in poultry rearing. (10 marks)
- eggs produced remains clean
- broodiness is discouraged
- many birds are kept per unit area of land
- feed and water are not contaminated
- vices such as cannibalism and egg eating are reduced
- individual egg laying records are kept
- more eggs are produced per bird
- the system requires low labour since it can be mechanized
- easy to clean and disinfect the poultry house
- easy to handle the birds during routine management practices
- less spread of parasites and diseases from one bird to the other
- sick birds are easily identified and treated
- Outline the procedure of training a calf for bucket feeding. (5 marks)
- put milk in a clean bucket
- push the calf backward to the corner of the pen
- wash the hands with clean water with disinfectant
- hold the bucket with the left hand, dip the index finger of the right hand into the milk and slowly guide the calf to suck it.
- Ensure the calf’s head is slightly raised during the first few minutes
- Encourage the calf to drink slowly from the bucket
- Outline five signs of tapeworm infestation. (5marks)
- Anaemic condition
- Swelling on the underside of the jaw
- Segments of the parasites are seen in the faeces
- Po bellied in the young ones
- Excessive appetite in the secondary host
- Explain ten advantages of battery cage system in poultry rearing. (10 marks)
-
- Explain the functional differences between a disc plough and a mould board plough. (8 marks)
- Disc plough
- Mouldboard plough
- Can be used in the field with obstacles
- Cannot be used in field with obstacles
- Ploughs at varying depth
- Ploughs at a uniform depth
- Leaves a rough field
- Leaves a clean field
- More secondary operations required
- Fewer secondary operations required
- Requires less power to pull
- Requires more power to pull
- Not easily broken by obstacles
- Easily broken by obstacles
- Works well in the sticky soils
- Does not work well in sticky soils
- Does not require constant replacement of parts
- Requires constant replacement of parts especially the share
- Explain eight factors considered when siting farm structures. (8 marks)
- The location of the homestead
- Accessibility
- Security
- Drainage
- Relationship between the structures
- Farmers taste and preferences
- Proximity of amenities
- Topography of the land
- Outline four ways in which infectious diseases can spread in livestock production. (4 marks)
- Contaminated feed and water
- Insect vectors and contaminated equipment’s
- Contact with affected animals
- Open wounds
- Inhalation pathogens
- Explain the functional differences between a disc plough and a mould board plough. (8 marks)
-
- Describe foot rot under the following sub-heading;
- Animals affected (1 mark)
- Cattle, sheep, goats
- causal organism (1mark)
- bacteria
- Symptoms of attack (4marks)
- foot becomes swollen
- lameness is observed
- presence of pus and rotten smell on foot around hooves
- emaciation
- animal lies down when hind quarters are affected
- Control measures (4marks)
- avoid damp and muddy conditions
- carry out regular foot examination and hoof trimming
- treat wounds on feet with antiseptics
- isolation of sick animals
- keep sheep in dry clean area
- Animals affected (1 mark)
- Describe the function of various parts of a plunge dip. (10 marks)
- animal holding-used to hold animals before dipping
- foot path-to wash the feet of the animal before they get into dip wash
- dip tank-contains acaricides solution for controlling ticks
- drying yard- where the animals are held to dry before being released pastures
- silt-trap –prevent siltation
- dip tank shelter- prevent evaporation of the dip wash
- jump-allows the animals to jump singly into dip tank
- draining race-the dip was from the animal’s body drip off and drains backs to the dip tank
- waste pit-used as dumping site for sediments from the dip tank
- water tank-used for storing water either from the roof or any other area
- Describe foot rot under the following sub-heading;
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