SECTION A (25MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section
- Identify the branch of history that deals with control system in the society. (1 mark)
- State two environmental factors that contributed to the migration of the Bantu from their original homeland. (2 marks)
- Identify one way of becoming a Kenyan citizen. (1 mark)
- State two political factors that cause conflicts in Kenya. (2 marks)
- Give two methods used by the British to occupy Kenya. (2 marks)
- State one feature of missionary education. (1 mark)
- State any two main crops cultivated by the settlers. (2 marks)
- Name one leader of the Africa study Union. (1 mark)
- Give the main reason why Kenya Africa Democratic Union (KADU) was formed. (1 mark)
- State two functions of the secretary to the cabinet in Kenya. (2 marks)
- State one branch of the Kenya defence forces. (1 mark)
- Identify two pillars of Nyayoism. (2 marks)
- Name the constitutional change which le to re-introduction of multi-party democracy in Kenya (1 mark)
- State two achievements of multi-party democracy in Kenya. (1 mark)
- State the composition of the county executive committee. (2 marks)
- Give two types of elections in Kenya. (2 marks)
- Give the main function of the commission on Revenue allocation. (1 mark)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section
-
- State three communities that belong to the Mt. Kenya Bantu (3 marks)
- Explain six aspects of the social organization of the Nandi in the pre-colonial period (12 marks)
-
- Identify three actors that facilitated the development of plantation agriculture along the East African coast in the 19th century (3 marks)
- Explain six effects of Oman rule (12 marks)
-
- Identify three resolutions passed in the first Lancaster house conference of 1960 (3 marks)
- Explain six challenges faced by trade unions in the struggle for Kenya’s independence (12 marks)
-
- Give three objectives of Kenya African Democratic Union at its formation (3 marks)
- Explain six achievements of Daniel Moi as president of Kenya. (12 marks)
SECTION C (30MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section
-
- Give five qualities of a good public servant. (5 marks)
- Explain five functions of National government. (10 marks)
-
- State five characteristics of a good constitution. (5marks)
- Explain five advantages of democracy. (10marks)
-
- State the objectives of devolution of government. (5marks)
- Explain the relationship between National and county government. (10marks)
Marking Scheme
SECTION A (25MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section
- Identify the branch of history that deals with control systems in the society.
- Political history (1x1=1 mark)
- State two environmental factors that contributed to the migration of the Bantu from their original homeland.
- Diseases and infection
- Drought and famine
- Floods
- Unreliable rainfall. (any 2x1=2marks)
- Identify one way of becoming a Kenyan citizen.
- Birth
- Registration. (any 1x1=1 mark)
- State two political factors that cause conflicts in Kenya.
- Differences among political parties over ideology or policies
- Failure to uphold the laws of a country
- Denial of citizens’ rights
- Improper conduct of elections
- Border disputes between countries/counties. (any 2x1=2 marks)
- Give two methods used by the British to occupy Kenya.
- Signing of treaties
- Collaboration
- Millitary expeditions
- Operational bases
- Company rule. (any 2x1=2 marks)
- State one feature of missionary education.
- It was elementary.
- Industrial and and technical in approach
- It was denominational and it aimed at inculcating doctrines of a particular church in learners. (any 1x1=1 mark)
- state any two main crops cultivated by the settlers.
- Coffee
- Wheat
- Tea
- Sisal (any 2x1=2 marks)
- Name one leader of the Kenya Africa study Union.
- James Gichuru
- Francis Khamisi
- John Kebaso
- Simeon Mulandi. (any 1x1=1 mark)
- Give the main reason why Kenya Africa Democratic Union (KADU) was formed.
- To cater for the interests of the minority. (1x1=1 mark)
- State two functions of the secretary to the cabinet in Kenya.
- He/ she is in –charge of cabinet office.
- Keeps minutes of the cabinet.
- Arranging the business of the cabinet / agenda
- Convey the decisions of the cabinet to appropriate authorities / persons.
- Executes directives of the cabinet. (any 2x1=2 marks)
- State one branch of the Kenya defence forces.
- The Kenya Army.
- The Kenya Air Force.
- The Kenya Navy (any 1x1=1 mark)
- Identify two pillars of Nyayoism.
- Peace
- Love
- Unity (any 1x1=1 mark)
- Name the constitutional change which led to re-introduction of multi-party democracy in Kenya.
- Repealing of section 2A of the constitution (1x1=1 mark)
- State two achievements of Multi-party democracy in Kenya.
- Has promoted checks and balances through opposition
- It has opened up democractic space for people to express their views.
- It has created many political parties hence training ground for political leaders.
- It has facilitated the provision of civic education to the people thus empowering them to make informed decisions. (any 2x1=2 marks)
- State the composition of the county executive committee.
- The county governor.
- Deputy county governor
- Members appointed by the governor. (any 2x1=2 marks).
- Give two types of elections in Kenya.
- General elections
- By- elections
- Party elections (any 2x1=2 marks)
- Give the main function of the commission on Revenue allocation.
- To ensure equitable sharing of revenue between national and county government/ among county government. (1x1=mark)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section
-
- State three communities that belong to the Mt. Kenya Bantu
- Akamba
- Agukuyu
- Ameru
- Aembu (any 3x1=3 marks)
- Explain six aspects of the social organization of the Nandi in the pre-colonial period.
- Were organized into families with a family head playing an important role in the Kokwet and clan activities.
- Several families constituted a clan
- Boys and girls underwent initiation at puberty which involved going through circumcision
- Boys who were circumcised together joined an age set; in total there were 8age sets among the Nandi
- The Nandi warriors who became junior warriors after circumcision were promoted to senior warriors through a ceremony Saket apeito (slaughter of the bullock)
- Practiced exogamy and polygamy
- They worshipped one God Asis who was believed to be the protector of the community
- They venerated their ancestral spirits whom they placated through libations and sacrifices.
- They had important religious leaders such as medicine men, diviners, rainmakers etc
- Had institution of the Orkoiyot. Orkoiyot preside over religious ceremonies, foretold the future and blessed warriors before waging war
- Every homestead had its own shrine in which the head of the family prayed daily at sunrise (well explained 6x2=12 marks)
- State three communities that belong to the Mt. Kenya Bantu
-
- Identify three factors that facilitated the development of plantation agriculture along the East African coast in the 19th century.
- There was existence of slave labour to work in the plantations
- Fertile soils that favored farming
- Presence of large tracts of land for plantation farming in the mainland and at the coast
- The coast had suitable climate and abundant climate
- There was a high demand for grains at the coast and overseas
- Large number of Oman settlers who settled in Malindi, Lamu, Mombasa acquired land for crop growing. (any 3x1=3 marks)
- Explain six effects of Oman rule (12marks)
- It led to the growth of Slave trade as slaves were needed to work in the plantations
- It led to growth of Towns e.g Zanzibar
- Local, Long distance and international trade developed
- The Oman rulers linked the East African coast to the rest of the world
- It led to the spread of Islamic religion along the coast and in the interior of East Africa
- It promoted the growth of plantation agriculture
- Missionaries came to East Africa to stamp out slave trade (well explained 6x2=12 marks)
- Identify three factors that facilitated the development of plantation agriculture along the East African coast in the 19th century.
-
- Identify three resolutions passed in the first Lancaster house conference of 1960.
- They all agreed that there would be 33 open seats in the legco which were to be vied for on a common roll
- The 12 elective seats in legco would remain intact
- Another 20 seats would be reserved 10 for Europeans, 8 for Asians and 2 for Arabs
- The composition of council of ministers was to incorporate 4 Africans, 3 Europeans and 1 Asian
- The conference authorized the formation of nationwide political parties
- Lifting of the state of Emergency
- A bill of right would be incorporated into the country’s constitution. (any 3x1=3 marks)
- Explain six challenges faced by trade unions in the struggle for Kenya’s independence.
- Harassment and fear of victimization by settlers and colonial government
- Choice of leaders was sometimes influenced by ethnic considerations than competence
- Leadership wrangles among trade unionists
- Shortage of funds
- Lack of trained personnel/leadership skills
- Ignorance of Africans on the role of trade unions thereby not backing/supporting the leaders
- Migrant nature of African workforce denied trade unions stable membership. (well explained 6x2=12 marks)
- Identify three resolutions passed in the first Lancaster house conference of 1960.
-
- Give three objectives of Kenya African Democratic Union at its formation.
- To safeguard the interests of minority tribes as KANU was already dominated by Luo and kikuyu (major tribes)
- To push for a federal constitution
- To organize and maintain a democratic union in the legco and country
- To demand for the release of political prisoners
- To demand for constitutional reforms
- To provide an inclusive document that represented all areas in Kenya
- To formulate domestic and international policies. (any 3x1=3 marks)
- Explain six achievements of Daniel Moi as president of Kenya.
- He introduced the Nyayo philosophy of love peace and unity which played an important role in social and economic development.
- He enhanced harmony through release of political detainees
- He encouraged participation in harambee activities which raised money for a number of social and economic projects
- He introduced 8.4.4 Education system to promote self-reliance
- He expanded education by initiating development and expansion of schools
- He improved heath sector through construction of many health facilities e,g Nyayo wards
- Promoted sporting activities through construction of facilities e.g Nyayo stadium
- He encouraged rural development through introduction of District focus for rural development
- He maintained a long period of peace and political stability through wise leadership
- Promoted soil conservation measures
- Expanded foreign trade through membership in COMESA
- Mediated in conflicts in Sudan, Somalia DRC
- Regional co-operation by reviving EAC
- Allowed repeal of section 2A to make Kenya Multiparty state
- Foreign policy was improved through OAU, NAM Commonwealth and UNO. (well explained 6x2=12 marks)
- Give three objectives of Kenya African Democratic Union at its formation.
SECTION C (30MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section
-
- Give five qualities of a good public servant.
- Accountability/fair/Transparency/Responsible
- Integrity
- Proffessionalism
- Efficiency/effectiveness
- Responsiveness.
- Self-driven/self-motivated. (any 5x1=5 marks)
- Explain five functions of National government.
- Provide security to the citizens
- Develop and provide justice system.
- Defend the country against external attack.
- Represent the country in foreign affairs/international affairs
- Register and maintain details/records of citizens
- Provide and regulates primary,tertiary and higher education.
- Develop and maintain infrastructure
- Sign treaties and collaboration on behalf of the state.
- The Government collect taxes through Kenya revenue Authority(KRA) (well explained 5x2=10 marks)
- Give five qualities of a good public servant.
-
- State five characteristics of a good constitution.
- Clarity. It ought to clearly define and spell out its contents.
- comprehensiveness. It should address as many components of the state as possible and guard against disputes or misunderstanding.
- Flexibility. It should respond to any issue or situation, while maintaining overall state principles and aspirations.
- The bill of rights. It should clearly state and protect the rights and freedoms that citizens are entitled to.
- Amendment, It should distinctly state which of its sections can or cannot be amended and who may participate in the amendment process. (5x1=5 marks)
- Explain five advantages of democracy.
- It is popular as it is based on the consent of the people.
- It recognizes equality of all citizens.
- It promotes people‟s initiative and a sense of responsibility.
- It promotes patriotism.
- It reduces chances of Revolt as citizens are part of the government.
- It promotes co-existence, hence it fosters cooperation and peace. (well explained 5x2=10 marks)
- State five characteristics of a good constitution.
-
- State the objectives of devolution of government.
- To promote democratic and accountable exercise of power.
- To foster national unity by recognizing diversity.
- To give powers of self-governance to the people and enhance participation.
- To recognize the rights of the communities to manage their own affairs.
- To protect the rights and interest of minorities and marginalized groups.
- To ensure equitable sharing of nationaland local resources throughout Kenya. (any 5x1=5 marks)
- Explain the relationship between National and county government.
- A power or function of government at one level may be transferred to a government at lower level by agreement between the two levels.
- National and county governments exercise their functions with due respect.
- National and county governments support, assist and consult as appropriate and implement each other’s legislation.
- National and county governments liase to exchange information and coordinate policies and administration to enhance capacity.
- Both governments cooperate in performance of their functions and performance of their functions.
- National legislation sets the procedure of settling disputes between the two levels.
- Parliament, an arm of national government sets out sets out legislations necessary for smooth operation of counties.
- National government has powers to intervene in a county government a county is unable to perform its functions.
- Incase o conflicts between the two governments in legislation, national legislation prevails. County legislation is subordinate to national legislation.
- The national government through the president may suspend the county government. (well explained 5x2=10 marks)
- State the objectives of devolution of government.
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