Instruction to Candidates
- This paper consists of Three Sections A. B and C
- Answer All questions in section A, THREE questions in section B and Two questions in section C
- Answer all the questions must be written on the papers provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
SECTION |
QUESTION |
MAX. SCORE |
CANDIDATE SCORE |
A |
1 – 17 |
25 |
|
B |
18 – 21 |
45 |
|
C |
22 – 24 |
30 |
|
TOTAL SCORE |
|
100 |
QUESTION
SECTION A: (25 marks)
Answer All Questions in this section
- Identify one electronic source of information in History and Government. 1mk
- Name one theory that explain the origin of man. 1mk
- Give two roles of takshifts during the Trans-Saharan Trade. 2mk
- Give the name given to the Buganda parliament upto 19th century. 1mk
- Name two inventions that improved textile industry in Britain during industrial revolution. 2mks
- Identify one advantage of Macadamized roads 1mk
- State two factors that led to the development of Kilwa into an early urban centre. 2mks
- Identify two ways in which the invention of the wheel promoted early transport. 2mks
- Identify one symbol of unity in the Shona kingdom during the pre-colonial period. 1mk
- Give the main reason why nationalism developed in Ghana during the colonial period.1mk
- Identify any two qualifications one had to meet to be assimilated in French West Africa.2mks
- Name one social challenge that Tanzania has faced since independence. 2mks
- Give the main characteristics of the commonwealth member states. 1mk
- Name two organs of the East African community (EAC) 2001. 2mks
- Outline two compositions of the Executive Arm of the Government in the USA. 2mks
- Name two categories of people who are not eligible to the election in the House of Commons in Britain. 2mks
- Name one military Alliance formed by super powers during the cold war. 1mk
SECTION B: (45 marks)
ANSWER Any THREE Questions in This Section
-
- State five reasons why early people domesticated crops and animals during the Neollitic period. 5mks
- Explain five results of early agriculture in Mesopotamia. 10mks
-
- State three disadvantages of coal as a source of energy. 3mks
- Explain six effects of the scientific inventions on industry during industrial revolution 12mks
-
- State five social functions of the Ancient Athens as an early urban centres. 5mks
- Explain six factors for the emergence of growth of early urban centres on pre-colonial Africa.
-
- Give three reasons why the Maji Maji rebellions failed. 3mks
- Explain six reforms introduced by the German administration after the Maji Maji rebellion. 12mks
SECTION C: (30 Marks)
Answer any TWO questions from this section
-
- Give three factors that led to the growth of Buganda Kingdom. 3mks
- Describe the social organisation of the Shona Kingdom. 12mks
-
- State five methods used by African Nationalists in South Africa to struggle against apartheid policy. 5mks
- Explain five challenges faced by the nationalists in the fight against the colonialism in Mozambique 10mks
-
- State three causes of the First World War 1914 – 1918). 3mks
- Discuss the political effects of the Second World War 1939 – 1945. 12mks
MARKING SCHEME
- Identify one electronic source of information in History and Government. 1mk
- Micro films
- Radio
- Film/video
- Television
- Computers/ data bases/data banks Any 1 x 1 = 1mk
- Name one theory that explain the origin of man. 1mk
- Creation theory
- Mythical/Tradition theory
- Evolution theory Any 1 x 1 = 1mk
- Give two roles of takshifts during the Trans-Saharan Trade. 2mks
- They guided traders through the desert
- They provided security to the caravans
- They acted as interpreters to trade merchants
- Acted as middlemen 2 x 1 = 2mks
- Give the name given to the Buganda parliament upto 19th century. 1mk
- Lukiko Any 1 x 1 -= 1mk
- Name two inventions that improved textile industry in Britain during industrial revolution. 2mks
- cotton gin
- the flying shuttle
- Steam power
- water frame Any 2 x 1 = 2mks
- Identify one advantage of Macadamized roads 1mk
- they were cheap to construct
- They were durable
- They were all weather roads
- They were straight
- They were well drained
- They were smooth hence motoring surface was comfortable
- They were wide to accommodate more traffic Any 1 x 1 = 1mk
- State two factors that led to the development of Kilwa into an early urban centre. 2mks
- Security/ protected Island
- Existence of Indian Ocean
- Presence of land and luxurious paltances
- The gleaming building like the Great Mosques
- Control of gold trade 2 x 1 = 2mks
- Identify two ways in which the invention of the wheel promoted early transport. 2mks
- Eased transportation of heavy loads
- Facilitated speedy transportation of people and goods
- Enhanced movement of soldiers during the battles led of the development of roads
- Facilitated transportation of goods over long distances
- Mode of travelling was more comfortable 2 x 1= 2mks
- Identify one symbol of unity in the Shona kingdom during the pre-colonial period. 1mk
- Royal fire
- Mwari cult Any 1 x 1 = 1mk
- Give the main reason why nationalism developed in Ghana during the colonial period.1mk
- presence of a large group of educated African/Elites Any 1 x 1 = 1mk
- Identify any two qualifications one had to meet to be assimilated in French West Africa.2mks
- To be Monogamous
- To be literate in French
- To be a resident of the four commons
- To have served in the civil service/French army
- To be a Christian Any 2 x 1 = 2mks
- Name one social challenge that Tanzania has faced since independence. 2mks
- Lack of basic amenities e.g water and housing
- Unemployment
- illiteracy level are high
- High levels of crime
- Inequality gap is very wide Any 2 x 1 = 2mks
- Give the main characteristics of the commonwealth member states. 1mk
- They were all former British colonies. 1 x 1 = 1mk
- Name two organs of the East African community (EAC) 2001. 2mks
- The summit
- The council of ministries
- The coordinating committee
- The East African Court of Justice
- The East African Legislative Assembly
- The Secretariat any 2 x 1 = 2mks
- Outline two compositions of the Executive Arm of the Government in the USA. 2mks
- The President
- Vice President
- The Cabinet
- The civil servants Any 2 x 1 = 2mks
- Name two categories of people who are not eligible to the election in the House of Commons in Britain. 2mks
- The Clergy
- Holders of certain officers i.e Judges
- Aliens/Non Citizens
- Members of the House of Lords (2 X 1 = 2mks)
- Name one military Alliance formed by super powers during the cold war
- NATO (North Atlantic Treaty organisation)
- Warsaw Pact
-
- State five reasons why early people domesticated crops and animals during the Neollitic period. 5mks
- Due to increases in human population hence more food was required.
- There was competition for food between human beings and animals
- Over hunting depleted stocks of animals on which human beings for food
- Calamities such as bush fire/floods destroyed vegetation/drove away animals
- Some crops and animals had economic value
- Animals were domesticated to provide security
- There was change in climate which caused aridity
Any 5 x 1= 5mks
- Explain five results of early agriculture in Mesopotamia. 10mks
- It had settled life and better standards of living
- Led to emergence of urban centres e.g Ur, Babylon, Nippur and Uruk
- Led to development of writing and arithmetic
- Led to development of religion
- It results in food production hence higher population
- Led to emergence of social classes in the society e.g rich, peasants and slaves
- It led to invention of the wheel /scientific inventions
- Led to development of trade (any 5 x 2 = 10mks)
- State five reasons why early people domesticated crops and animals during the Neollitic period. 5mks
-
- State three disadvantages of coal as a source of energy. 3mks
- coal is bulky to transport
- coal causes pollution
- Mining of coal leads to death
- It is non-renewal source of energy
- Coal was expensive to mine and transport
- Explain six effects of the scientific inventions on industry during industrial revolution 12mks
- Machines have been improved which produce goods on a large scale
- Alternative sources of energy have been developed for use in industries
- Invention of steam engine has improved transportation of raw materials to the finished goods to the market
- The development of the printing press has enabled people to re ad and acquire information about industrialization.
- There has been loss of lives through industrial accidents
- Robots have been developed which have reduced over reliance on human labour
- Development of telecommunication has led to buying/selling of goods on the commerce.
- Research has enabled industries to recycle waste products in manufacturing usable goody.
Any well explained 6 x 2 = 12 mks
- State three disadvantages of coal as a source of energy. 3mks
-
- State five social functions of the Ancient Athens as an early urban centres.5mks
- It was a religious centre
- Recreational centres
- Educational centre
- Historical centre
- Sporting centre Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
- Explain six factors for the emergence of growth of early urban centres on pre- colonial Africa.
- Growth and development of mining centres and small scale industries
- Trade: Functions of major trade routes which developed into towns
- Worship centres such as shrines attracted population settlement
- Administrative areas – of pre-colonial kingdoms became centres that attracted settlement
- Areas where agriculture was concentrated like River valley attracted settlements like Cairo.
- Defence considerations like Hill tops and islands became urban centres.
- The need for security led people to settle together as a group.
- State five social functions of the Ancient Athens as an early urban centres.5mks
-
- Give three reasons why the Maji Maji rebellions failed. 3mks
- The Germans had superior weapons
- Germans had well trained, organised army and better military tactics
- Africans were demoralized as th4 magical water failed to protect them from German bullets.
- Africans in South Tanganyika were disorganised e.g Wamatunbi revolted even before the others were ready/poor coordination.
- The killing and capture of their leaders such as Kinjeketile Ngeale and Mpande demoralised the fighters.
- Severe famine and starvation in the region in 1907 weakened then because of scorched earth policy by the Germans
- Africans lacked unity. Some collaborated with the Germans against fellow Africans or did not join the war.
- The Germans got reinforcement from Somalia.
Any 3 x 1 = 3mks
- Explain six reforms introduced by the German administration after the Maji Maji rebellion. 12mks
- Corporal punishment was abolished
- Governor Rechenburg rejected extra taxation of Africans
- Settlers who mistreated workers were punished
- Forced labour was stopped
- Africans were encouraged to grow cotton for their benefit as communal cotton growing was stopped.
- Africans were involved in administration as Akedas and Jumbes
- Newspapers that incited settlers against African were censored.
- Medical services and educational facilities for Africans were improved.
- Kiswahili became an official language of the colony
- The Germans attempted to rule fairly though some recognised traditional chiefs.
Any 6 x 2 = 12 mks
- Give three reasons why the Maji Maji rebellions failed. 3mks
-
- Give three factors that led to the growth of Buganda Kingdom. 3mks
- Buganda was ruled by strong and able rulers who were able to unite the people
- Buganda was small and cohesive so easy to control
- Buganda was strategically located i.e next to Lake Victoria.
- Buganda was wealthy. She acquired wealth during the long distance trade.
- Buganda had centralised political system under Kabaka
- Acquired guns which they used to expand and strengthen their kingdom from trade.
- She had strong economy based on agriculture
- The decline of Bunyoro-Kitara kingdom created a vacuum which made Buganda to rise.
- Buganda had a strong army
- Ganda traditions which emphasized on division of labour.
- Describe the social organisation of the Shona Kingdom. 12mks
- The Shona were divided into clan with animal names such as leopard
- The Shona were polygamous and exogamous in marriage
- THE Shona had pamlineal inheritance system where they inherited through the father.
- The Shona were highly religious, worshipped god called Mwari, the supreme creator who was worshipped through priests
- The priests presided over the religions functions and came from the Rozwi clan
- They believed in the ancestral spirits who acted as intermediaries between people and god.
- They had three main spirits namely:
Vadzimu - family spirits
Mhundoro – clan spirit
Chaminuka - The national spirit - They practiced division of labour according to sex
- They lived in stone buildings. Their skills in masonry was quite remarkable.
- Give three factors that led to the growth of Buganda Kingdom. 3mks
-
- State five methods used by African Nationalists in South Africa to struggle against apartheid policy. 5mks
- They organised political parties e.g ANC
- They used trade unions
- They organised defiance campaigns to force change in the regime
- They used diplomacy
- The detained used hunger strikes to press the government against to grant them their rights
- Organised peaceful protests
- Use of mass media to highlight the injustices against the apartheid regime
Any 5 x 1 = 5mks
- Explain five challenges faced by the nationalists in the fight against the colonialism in Mozambique 10mks
- They lacked basic needs such as food, clothes and medicine
- Ideological differences led to the formation of rival guerrilla movements such as MANU, CUREMO and FRELIMO
- The nationalists were demoralized due to the assassination of their leader Edwardo Modlane.
- Portuguese government was ruthless to the nationalist’s movement The South Africa Apartheid government assisted Portuguese to fight the nationalist
- The Portugal outlawed political movement
- The Catholic church in Mozambique condemned nationalist movement
- State five methods used by African Nationalists in South Africa to struggle against apartheid policy. 5mks
-
- State three causes of the First World War 1914 – 1918). 3mks
- The defeat if France by the Germany in the Franco-Prussian wars made France look for an excuse for war.
- The Arms race in Europe encouraged countries to be more aggressive.
- The disagreement between Britain, France and Germany over Morocco created tension (Moroccan Crisis)
- Nationalism in the Balkans fuelled the already existing political rivalry in Europe/Many European powers wanted independence from Turkey.
- Dissatisfaction during the sharing of colonies at the Berlin conference created distrust among the European powers/European imperialism.
- The assassination of the Austine Hungarian Heir from Ferdinand at Sarajevo sparked off the war. (Any 5 x 1 = 5mks)
- Discuss the political effects of the Second World War 1939 – 1945. 12mks
- The war led to the emergency of the USA and the USSR as super powers
- Led to the partition of Germany into East and West
- Ideological and economic emerged between two blocks hence cold war
- Led to the rise of Nationalism in Asia and Africa.
- Led to emergence of communist government in many parts of the Eastern Europe
- Led to the formation of United Nations Organisation in 1945 to promote peace, security and international justice
- Led to creation of the state of Israel in 1948 inorder to resettle the Jews
- Led to formation of Marshal Plan
- The war led to the production of Nuclear weapons and atomic bombs.
Any 6 x 2 = 12mks
- State three causes of the First World War 1914 – 1918). 3mks
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