History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Asumbi Girls High School KCSE Mock 2021

Questions

Instructions to candidates

• This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C.
•  Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from Section C.

SECTION A – (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section

1. Differentiate between pre-history and History. (1mk)
2. State any two uses of fire as a method of hunting in the Middle Stone age. (2mks)
3. Give two ways in which HIV/AIDS has contributed to food shortage in the Third World Countries. (2mks)
4. Mention two Arab families that administered the city states of the East Africa Coast. (2mks)
5. Identify the main challenge of sailing ships as a means of transport. (1mk)
6. Name two theories that explain the origin and spread of Agriculture in Africa. (2mks)
7. Give two examples of regional trade in Africa. (2mks)
8. Mention one early source of energy. (1mks)
9. Give two ways by which poor transport hinders industrialization in Third World countries. (2mks)
10. State two factors that led to the growth of Athens. (2mks)
11. Name the official who represented the judicial arm of the Buganda Kingdom. (1mk)
12. Identify two chartered companies that were used to administer European colonies in Africa. (2mks)
13. What was the main reason for the Maji Maji rebellion? (1mk)
14. Name two leaders who spearheaded the re-birth of the East African community. (2mks)
15. Give one member of Triple Alliance. (1mk)
16. Name one founder member of the Non Aligned Movement. (NAM) (1mk)
17.  Identify the executive organ of the East African Community (2001) (1mk)

SECTION B(45 MARKS )
Answer any THREE questions from this section

18.        
    1. Identify the first five stages of evolution of man. (5mks)
    2. Describe five aspects of social organization of man during the middle stone age. (10mks)
19.   
    1. State five social effects of modern forms of transport. (5mks)
    2. Explain five advantages of using the internet as a source of information on History and Government. (10mks)
20.  
    1. State five factors that led to Nationalism in Mozambique. (5mks)
    2. Discuss five results of the partition of Africa on Africans. (10mks)
21.  
    1. Name three officials who assisted the Mwene Mutapa to run the kingdom. (3mks)
    2. Explain six reasons for the Chimurenga War of (1896 – 1897) (12mks)

SECTION C – (30 MARKS)
Answer any TWO questions from this section.

22.        
    1. Outline three conditions given to Serbia by the Austrian government after the Sarajevo assassination. (3mks)
    2. Discuss five political effects of the Second World War. (12mks)
23.   
    1. Identify five economic challenges that have faced Tanzania since independence. (5mks)
    2. Explain five factors that derailed the smooth running of the Pan African Movement. (10mks)
24.    
    1. Identify any five powers of the President in India. (5mks)
    2. Explain five checks and balances applied on the United States of America presidency. (10mks)

Marking Scheme

1. Differentiate between pre-history and History. (1mk)
   • Pre history is the period in man’s existence before the discovery of reading and writing material while history is the period when man’s past events were recorded down in writing.
2. State any two uses of fire as a method of hunting in the Middle Stone age. (2mks)
   • The fire was lit to scare the animals on top of the cliffs then forced downwards to break their limbs. This made it easy to hunt.
   • The fire would be lit around a herd of wild animals, scaring them and making it easy to hunt.
   • Fire was used to harden the tips of tools.
3. Give two ways in which HIV/AIDS has contributed to food shortage in the Third World Countries. (2mks)
   
   • HIV/AIDs has led to the death of many young people who are economically productive and skilled to work in the Agricultural sector.
   • Most of the third world countries spend a lot of money to treat the HIV/AIDS victims rather than on the improvement agricultural sectors.
   • Most families spend a lot of time and money caring for the HIV/AIDS patients at the expenses of developing agricultural activities.
4. Mention two Arab families that administered the city states of the East Africa Coast. (2mks)
   • Busaidi family
   • Nabahan family
   •  Al Mazrui family
5. Identify the main challenge of sailing ships as a means of transport. (1mk)
   • It relied on the availability of wind.
6. Name two theories that explain the origin and spread of Agriculture in Africa. (2mks)
   • The diffusion which states that agriculture started in the middle East (Mesopotamia) from where it spread to other parts of the world.
   • The independent theory which suggest that agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world.
7. Give two examples of regional trade in Africa. (2mks)
   • Long distance trade in East Africa.
   • The Trans – sharan trade in West Africa.
8. Mention one early source of energy. (1mks)
   • Wind
   • Wood
   • Water
9. Give two ways by which poor transport hinders industrialization in Third World countries. (2mks)
   • Machineries needed in the industries cannot reach the industries.
   • Raw Materials cannot reach the industries.
   • It limits the movement of industrial workers to the industry.
   • Sources of energy may not reach the industry.
10. State two factors that led to the growth of Athens. (2mks)
    • Athenians traded with their neighbors.
    • Athens was a cultural center/sports center.
    • Athens was surrounded by rivers source of water.
    • Religion attracted people.
    • It was an education center.
    • Port of Athens made it transport center.
    • It had a Strong army that protected it from attacks.
    • It was Strategic located.
11. Name the official who represented the judicial arm of the Buganda Kingdom.
    • Omulamuzi
    • Chief Justice. (1mk)
12. Give two methods that European powers used to occupy Africa during the 19th century. (2mks)
    • They signed treaties between European and Africa leaders.
    • They used military expeditions force.
    • They used treachery / tricks.
    • Divide and rule where they played communities against each other.
    • They used chartered companies
    • They bleneled diplomacy and force.
13. What was the main reason for the Maji Maji rebellion? (1mk)
    • The need for independence.
14. Name two leaders who spearheaded the re-birth of the East African community. (2mks)
    • Daniel Arap Moi
    • Yoweri Kaguta Museveni
    • Benjamin Mkapa
15. Give one member of Triple Alliance. (1mk)
    • Germany
    • Australia – Hungary
    • Italy
16. Name one founder member of the Non Aligned Movement. (NAM) (1mk)
    • Jawarharlal Nehru of India
    • Surkano of Indonesia
    • Gamal Nasser of Egypt.
    • Chou En-Lai of Chaina.
    • Marshall Tito of Yugoslavia.
17. Identify the executive organ of the East African Community (2001) (1mk)
    • The Secretariat.
18.        
    1. Identify the first five stages of evolution of man. (5mks)
       • Aegyptopithecus/ The Egyptian Ape.
       • Dryophithecus/ Proconsul.
       • Kenyapithecus / Ramapithecus
       • Australopithecus
       • Homo Habilis
    2. Describe five aspects of social organization of man during the middle Stone Age. (10mks)
       • He ate cooked food.
       • He wore animal skins as clothes.
       • He painted himself with red ochre and oil.
       • He lived in semi circular stone structures rock shelters.
       • He later lived in caves for security reasons.
       • He did some rock painting especially those animals they hunted.
       • They developed a form of language.
       • They lived in groups of 50 people with a leader.
19.       
    1. State five social effects of modern forms of transport. (5mks)
       • Population migration and settlement in other areas have been encouraged.
       • It has promoted diffusion of ideas on science and technology, religion and culture.
       • The world has become a global village its easy to reach different parts of the world.
       • Good transport has led to development of social amenities such as schools, hospitals as they are easily accessible.
       • Movement of goods and people is faster because towns and rural areas are easily linked.
       • Humanitarian assistance has been promoted especially in disaster situation eg. Distribution of relief food.
    2. Explain five advantages of using the internet as a source of information on History and Government. (10mks)
       • It has promoted efficiency in government operations in areas such as tax filling/ provision of various services.
       • If has promoted education programs as information can be accessed online.
       • It has promoted trade of goods/ services can be sold bought through internet /online shopping/ diverse transaction.
       • Job/ employment adverts/ job interviews can be made through internet they by minimizing wastage of time/ resources.
       • it has enhanced communication as peoples could send / receive message online.
       • It has promoted research activities as it prorates information in various fields .
       • It has enhanced quicker/ faster communication through use of social media such as whatsApp/face book/ messenger.
       • It has promoted/ enhanced storage of information through use of drop box / cloud storage.
       • It is used for entertainment as one is able to watch videos/ play games / online music.
       • It has enhanced security system in many countries of the world.
20.          
    1. State five factors that led to Nationalism in Mozambique. (5mks)
       • Africans were unhappy with replacement of their traditional leaders by the Portuguese.
       • Africans resisted forced taxation.
       • Africans wanted their alienated land back.
       • Africans resisted forced labour.
       • Africans were against erosion of their culture.
       • Africans resented racial discrimination.
       • Africans resisted the extreme restriction imposed on them which limited their freedom of expression and intellectual advancement.
       • Cruelty by security police made them unpopular among Africans.
    2. Discuss five results of the partition of Africa on Africans. (10mks)
       • The boundaries which were drawn led to border disputes.
       • Foreign languages were introduced to African eg English, French
       • African communities were split eventually leading to some of them finding themselves in two countries eg Somalis, Maasai, Ewe in Ghana.
       • African Countries adopted foreign systems and structures of administration.
       • African economies were disrupted as they were exploited economically by the Europeans.
       • Africans continued to have closer ties with European Countries through, trade education and diplomatic relations.
       • Some African Kingdoms were disrupted and they collapsed Eg. Asante, Dahomey, Buganda.
       • African culture was eroded through missionary work, western language, and western education.
21.       
    1. Name three officials who assisted the Mwene Mutapa to run the Shona kingdom. (3mks)
       • The Queen Mother.
       • The Queen Sister.
       • The Emperors none principal wives.
       • The head drummer.
       • The head door keeper/butler.
       • The head cook.
    2. Explain six reasons for the Chimurenga War of (1896 – 1897) . (12mks)
       • The Ndebele wanted to regain their independence.
       • The Ndebele wanted to retain their traditional leaders.
       • The Ndebele wanted to regain their alienated land.
       • .They were against the confiscation of their cattle which left them with little food.
       • The Ndebele wanted to maintain their culture. Eg the clan system.
       • The Shona were not happy with the companies interference with their trading activities which limited their profits.
       • .The Ndebele resented the appointment of the Shona into the Native police force.
       • Both resented forced labour.
       • They both disliked the brutality of Europeans.
       • They attributed the natural calamities to the presence of the Europeans.
       • Both communities were against the hut tax.
       • They were urged by their religious leaders to rebel.
22.        
    1. Outline three conditions given to Serbia by the Austrian government after the Sarajevo assassination. (3mks)
       • The Australian government demanded explanation for the assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie.
       • Austria demanded that Serbia should apologise to Austria – Hungary over the assassination of the prince.
       • That Serbia should suppress all anti – Australian publications and organizations.
       • Austria demanded that their officials should participate in the enquiry of those who killed the Austrian Prince.
       • That Serbia should allow Austrian police into Serbian territory to ensure that their demands were met.
    2. Discuss five political effects of the Second World War. (12mks)
       • Led to the emergence of U.S.A and USSR as World super powers.
       • Led to the division of Europe into Western and Eastern blocs with the communist controlling almost half of Europe.
       • The WW 2 led to the division of Germany into East and West Germany and Berlin into East and west.
       • It gave rise to the cold war which involved the super powers winning allies through ideologies, military, technical and economic assistance.
       • It led to the creation of the state of Israel in 1948 to enable settling of the Jews who were scattered across the world.
       • The war promoted nationalism and decolonization process by many countries in Asia and Africa.
       • It stimulated development in technology eg development of nuclear weapons.
       • It led to political changes in Europe as citizens had lost trust in the existing governments.
       • It led to the formation of UNO in 1945 to maintain world peace and security.
23.      
    1. Identify five economic challenges that have faced Tanzania since independence. (5mks)
       • The Nationalization policy forced many lucrative foreign countries to leave for neighboring countries for better investments.
       • The Tanzanian shilling became unstable due to fluctuation in prices of Tanzania’s main cash crops at the world market.
       • Socialism led to an increase in the numbers of African entrepreneurs which further caused a wide gap between the rich African and poor Africans after the ujamaa policies were relaxed.
       • The Ujamaa programs led to a decline in production because some areas in Tanzania had unfavorable climate.
       • The salary reduction and recruiting of young people into the national youth service was strongly resisted by the elite.
       • Natural calamities and mismanagement of the agricultural sectors led to a decline in the income and economic growth.
       • The collapse of the East Africa Community in 1977 denied Tanzania a large common market for her goods.
       • Corruption contradicted the idea of Ujamaa.
       • There was poor infrastructure.
       • Nyerere did not believe in foreign assistance which affected donor funding.
       • There was poor infrastructure to cover the vast area in Tanzania which greatly affected the economic growth.
       • Tanzanian farmers lacked farming autonomy in the mid 80’s leading to a serious trade imbalance with exports exceeding imports with profits being repatriated out of the country.
    2. Explain five factors that undermined the smooth running of the Pan African Movement. (10mks)
       • The leaders could not agree on the best strategy of uplifting the welfare of Africans.
       • The European nationals fought the activities of the Pan – Africanist.
       • Many African countries were still under colonization and could not participate in the activities of the organization.
       • Lack of education and economic empowerment made the Africans not to participate effectively in Pan- African activities.
       • The Pan – African activities were restricted to African continent. There was no financial support by the African – Americans.
       • The Pan – African policies were being undermined by the international media which was under the control of the Europeans.
       • .There were ideological differences between the radical and conservative leaders and the Francophone and Anglophone countries.
24.  
    1. Identify any five powers of the President in India. (5mks)
       • Power to dissolve Parliament
       • Power to declare an emergency in a state and rule that state by a decree.
       • Power to assent or Veto a Bill.
       • Commander – in – Chief of the armed forces.
       • Power to appoint state governors and Supreme Court judges, prime minister.
       • President is a symbol of National power.
       • Power to Pardon convicts.
    2. Explain five checks and balances applied on the United States of America presidency. (10mks)
       • The congress approves most of the president’s appointments.
       • Congress can refuse to approve the use of government funds for foreign policies.
       • Congress can impeach a sitting president.
       • Supreme court may declare the president to have acted unconstitutionally thus demanding his status.
       • Constitutions limit any individual to two, four year terms as president.
       • Mass Media monitors the President’s actions.
       • Opinion polls in U.S.A reflects the wishes and feelings of the American people.
       • Representative democracy in U.S.A limits the actions of the President.