Geography Paper 2 Kenya High Post Mock Exams 2020 - Questions and Answers

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

This paper consists of two sections A&B
Answer ALL questions in section A. In section B Answer QUESTION 6 and ANY OTHER TWOquestions from this section

This paper consists of 3 printed pages.
Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.

SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in this section.

  1.  
    1. What is environment? (2marks)
    2. Identify two effects of the following environmental hazards.
      1. Earthquakes (2marks)
      2. Nuclear wastes (2marks)
  2.  
    1. Name two species of hardwood forests grown in Kenya. (2marks)
    2. State three factors that favour the development of softwood forest in Kenya. (3marks)
  3.  
    1. Define mining. (2marks)
    2. Describe two factors that have influenced exploitation of minerals. (4marks)
  4.  
    1. Give two types of ground photographs. (2marks)
    2. State two limitations of using photographs. (2marks)
  5.  
    1. Name two exotic dairy cattle breeds reared in Kenya. (2marks)
    2. State two physical factors which favour dairy farming in Denmark. (2marks)

      SECTION B
      Answer QUESTION 6 and any other TWO questions in this section.
  6. The table below shows the vehicles moving past the D.C’s gate on Monday between 8:30a.m to 8:30p.m.
    Period Isuzu Leyland Toyota Nissan Others TOTAL
    8:30 – 10: 30a.m  100 150 300 240 80  
    2:30 – 4: 30p.m  40 60 70 20 80  
    6:30 – 8: 30p.m  120 130 90 140 120  
    TOTAL   260 340 460 400 280  

    1. Find the grand total of vehicles moving past the gate on Monday. (2marks)
    2. Draw a simple pie chart to show the type of vehicles moving past the gate on Monday (radius = 3cm) (8marks)
    3. Outline the merits of using a simple pie chart to represent the above data. (5marks)
    4. Apart from pie charts, give other five ways used to present statistical date. (5marks)
    5. Identify five methods of collecting statistical data. (5marks)
  7.  
    1. Name the main types of natural forests in the world. (3marks)
    2. Explain the significance of forests and forest products in Kenya. (10marks)
    3. What has Kenya government done to conserve and manage forest? (5marks)
    4.  
      1. State 5 factors influencing the distribution of natural forests. (5marks)
      2. Define forest management. (2marks)
  8.  
    1. Define a mineral. (2marks)
    2. Explain the forms in which minerals occur. (8marks)
    3. State five significance of minerals in Kenya. (5marks)
    4. Students from Mtwapa High School went out for a field study in L. Magadi.
      1. Name 3 preparations they made before the study. (3marks)
      2. Identify 2 problems they might have encountered during the study. (2mark)
    5. State 5 importance of studying geography through field work. (5marks)
  9.  
    1.  
      1. State three social factors which influence agriculture . (3marks)
      2. Name two types of maize grown in Kenya. (2marks)
    2.  
      1. Name two areas in Kenya where maize is commercially grown. (2marks)
      2. Describe the stages involved in the industrial processing of maize. (4marks)
    3. Identify 4 problems facing maize farmers in Kenya. (4marks)
    4.   
      1. Explain ways through which the Kenya government assists small scale maize farmers. (6marks)
      2. State 4 uses of maize. (4marks)
  10.  
    1.  
      1. What is Natural vegetation. (1mark)
      2. State two topographical factors influencing distribution of vegetation. (2marks)
    2. You are required to carry out a field study of vegetation around your school.
      1. State two objectives for your study. (2marks)
      2. How would you record the findings in your study? (4marks)
    3. Draw a well labeled diagram to show vegetation zonation on a mountain slope. (8marks)
    4.  
      1. Highlight five adaptational features of tropical desert vegetation. (5marks)
      2. Identify two economic importance of desert vegetation. (4marks)

CONFIDENTIAL
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MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A
Question 1.

  1. An environment is the physical conditions surrounding an organism and which influence the behavior of that organism. (1x2 = 2 marks)
  2. Effects of the following environmental hazards.
    1. Earthquakes
      Leads to loss of lives
      Destroys property. (1 x 2 = 2mks)
    2. Nuclear wastes
      Releases harmful radiations
      Causes loss of human and animal lives (1 x 2 = 2mks)

Question 2.

  1. Two species of hardwood forests grown in Kenya.
    Meru oak , Elgon teak, Red Ceda, Mvule, Muringa , Mahogany, Ebony, Cape chestnut (2 x 1 = 2mks)
  2. Three factors that favor the development of softwood forest in Kenya.
    Cool climate enable trees to grow / flourish 
    Highlands receive high amount of rainfall
    Rugged highlands discourage settlement and agriculture leaving forestry as the alternative
    High demand for softwood products encourage tree planting 
    Deep soils favour forest growth
    Soft woods grow quite fast due to warm temperatures  (Any 3, 3 x 1 = 3mks)

Question 3.

  1. Mining refers to all attempts to attract valuable minerals either solid, liquid or gas from the earth’s crust.
  2. Two factors that have influenced exploitation of minerals.
    Minerals that are of high demand and economic value may be mined at a very high cost because they can be sold at high prices e.g. gold, petroleum e.t.c.
    Value of the mineral: Valuable minerals like gold are oftenly mined at high costs without loss of profits while less valuable minerals are not readily mined.
    The size of any mineral reserve must be big enough to justify the purchase and the use of expensive equipments needed for exploitation. Small deposits are hardly mined.
    Quality of mineral ore: High quality ores are economical to mine while low quality ores are rarely mined.
    Transport costs:Its more economical to exploit minerals near industrial centres
    Labour 
    Method of extraction (Any 4 points 4 x 1 = 4mks)

Question 4

  1. Two limitations of using photographs.
    Vertical aerial photographs are difficult to interpret without special instruments e.g. stereoscopes
    Photographs are expensive to produce
    Cameras need well focusing to avoid blurred images
    Objects that are far away from the camera may not be clear thus leading to wrong interpretation.(Any 2 points 2 x 1 = 2mks)
  2. Two types of ground photographs.
    Ground close-up photographs
    Ground general view photographs
    Ground oblique photographs (Any two points 2 x 1 = 2mks)

Question 5.

  1. Two exotic dairy cattle breeds reared in Kenya.
    Guernsey , Friesian/Holstein, Jersey, Alderney , Aryshire, Brown Swiss (Any 2 points 2 x 1 = 2mks)
  2. Two physical factors which favour dairy farming in Denmark.
    Gentle sloping landscape ideal for grazing
    Warm climate / sunny summer/ moderate temperatures 10-170C that allows outdoor grazing
    Cool climates ideal for pasture growth
    Moderate rainfall (500-1000mm) that supports growth of pasture / fodder crops
    Fertile boulder clay soils(Any 2 points 2 x 1 = 2mks)

SECTION B.
Question 6

  1. Grand total of vehicles moving past the gate on Monday.
    1,740 vehicles (2marks)
  2. Simple pie chart showing the type of vehicles moving past the gate on Monday (radius = 3cm)
    Isuzu –   260  x 360 = 53.8º
    1740
    Leyland –   340  x 360 =70.3º
                        1740
    Toyota   –   460  x 360 =95.2º
                       1740
    Nissan –    400  x 360 =82.8º
                       1740
    Others –    280  x 360 =57.9º
                      1740
    geo1
  3. Merits of using a simple pie chart to represent the above data.
    It gives clear visual impression of individual components 
    It can be used to represent a wide range of statistical data
    Easy to read and interpret
    Clearly shows individual amounts and clear comparison of individual quantities
    Its simple / easy to construct after angles have been obtained 
    It gives a good visual impression. 1 x  5 = 5mks
  4. Other five ways used to present statistical date.
    Graphs
    Proportional circles
    Pie charts
    Statistical tables / charts
    Age-sex pyramids
    Dot maps (1 x 5 = 5mks)
  5. Five methods of collecting statistical data.
    Questionnaire
    Interviews
    Observation
    Sampling
    Taking measurements
    Experimentation
    Content analysis (secondary sources)
    Counting (Any 5 = 5 x 1 = 5mks)

Question 7

  1. Types of natural forests in the world.
    Tropical hardwood forests
    Temperate hardwood forests
    Coniferous  forests (3 x 1 = 3mks)
  2. Significance of forests and forest products in Kenya.
    Preservation and conservation of environment
    Acts as water catchment areas
    Regulation of climate / create a micro climate
    Provide habitat for wildlife
    It’s a source of income
    Acts as a raw material for industries e.g. paper industry
    It’s a source of employment e.g. forest guards, officers
    It promotes tourism
    It provides charcoal
    Provides fodder for animals
    Forest provide nuts, fruits and dyes, ropes nets, honey.
    It’s a hiding ground for military.
    Its an educational and research centre
    Provides wood and poles for building and construction
    It’s a source of tree leaves which are  fed to silkworm (Any 5 explained 5 x 2 = 10mks)
  3. How Kenya government has done to conserve and manage forest.
    Carrying out public campaigns on the value of forests through mass media
    Carrying out research on suitability of soils and effects of pests and diseases
    It has established training institutions dealing with forestry e.g. KEFRI, Londiani forest training college.
    It has encouraged rotational felling of trees
    Infrastructural facilities like roads & mills have been provided by government.
    The government has introduced alternative sources of energy (fuel) e.g. solar energy, biogas to reduce overdependence on wood fuel
    It has enacted laws to govern the management of forests.
    It has employed forest guards and officials to curb destruction of forests
    N.G.O’s like Green Belt Movement and UNEP provide seedlings for forests.
    It has created forest reserves
    It has encouraged agro-forestry
    Extensive afforestation programme is underway(Any 5 points 5 x 1 = 5mks)
  4.  
    1. 5 factors influencing the distribution of natural forests.
      Climate
      Altitude
      Soils
      Human activities
      Aspects & Slope.(5 x 1 = 5mks)
    2. The management of forests refers to the effective planning and control of forests and forests resources.  (1 x 2 = 2mks)

Question 8

  1. A mineral is a naturally occurring, crystalline, inorganic substance with a definite chemical composition and physical properties.(2 x 1 = 2mks)
  2. Forms in which minerals occur.
    Veins and lodes; Minerals deposited in crystalline form in crack / crevice
    Beds and seams; Coal and other minerals may occur in bed / layers as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal layers of earth crust.
    Weathering products; Like Bauxite is formed by deep weathering of a variety of rocks due to alternating wet and dry seasons
    Alluvial / placer deposits;some minerals like gold, tin and platinum occur as alluvial deposits within sand, clay and gravels in the river course. (4 x 2 = 8mks)
  3. Significance of minerals in Kenya.
    Rocks create beautiful sceneries which attract tourists hence earn Kenya foreign exchange.
    Rocks act as water reservoirs and store underground water
    Rocks provide parent material for formation  of rich soils for agriculture
    Rocks are used in building and construction industry
    Rocks and mineral are sources of income
    Rocks provide main record of past environment 
    Rocks influence landscape features
    Exploitation of rocks and minerals has led to dereliction  (Any 5 points 5 x 1 = 5mks)
  4.   
    1. Preparations made before the study.
      Discussing / studying the topic of study
      Seek permission from authorities
      Collect required materials
      Conduct a reconnaissance
      Prepare questionnaires
      Divide into groups
      Prepare a working schedule(Any 3 pts (3 x 1 = 3mks)
    2. Problems encountered during the study.
      Fatigue
      Uncooperative respondents
      Financial constraints
      Language barrier
      Unfavourable weather condition like floods 
      Accidents in the field
      Inaccessibility 
      Thick vegetation that’s difficulty to penetrate  (Any 2 points = 2mks)
    3. Importance of studying geography through field work.
      It gives first hand information
      It breaks classroom monotony
      Teaches skills e.g. observation skills
      Enhances learning in the real life situation
      Encourages critical thinking
      Enables one to understand his / her environment(Any 5 points 5 x 1 = 5mks)

Question 9

  1.   
    1. Social factors which influences agriculture .
      Technology , religion, gender roles, foreign influence (Any 3 = 3mks)
    2. Types of maize grown in Kenya.
      Dent corn
      Sweet corn (2 x 1 = 2mks)
  2.   
    1. Areas in Kenya where maize is commercially grown.
      Eldoret
      Kitale
      Nakuru (any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
    2. Stages involved in the industrial processing of maize.
      Maize grains are weighed and then put on trays
      Any undesirable grains and broken cobs are removed
      Maize is then sieved to remove any impurities like soil / rock particles
      The maize is then passed through a milling machine which grinds it into flour
      The flour is then packed into small packets and sacks according to the desired weight
      Packets are sized 1 kg, 2 kg, and 10kg while sacks weigh more than 50kg  (Any 4 pts 4 x 1 = 4mks)
  3. Problems facing maize farmers in Kenya.
    Pests e.g. stalkborers, army worms, weevils
    Diseases e.g. white leaf blight
    Adverse weather conditions like drought , floods
    Parasitic plants and weeds
    Price fluctuation
    Poor quality seeds sold by unscrupulous traders
    Inadequate storage facilities
    Expensive certified seeds
    Expensive farm inputs (Any 4 pts 4 x 1 = 4mks)
  4.   
    1. Ways through which the Kenya government assists small scale maize farmers.
      Arrange buying of maize through the cereal boards 
      Conduct research to establish areas best suited for maize growing and research on diseases
      Organize demonstrations firms and field days to update farmers on current methods
      Employs extension workers who visit farmers and advise them on matters related to maize growing
      Encourage farmers to set up co-operatives to enable them pool resources together
      Improves feeder roads to ensure smooth transport of maize produce (Any 3 x 2 = 6mks)
    2. Uses of maize.
      Staple food
      Stalk, leaves and other remains from maize cobs are used to feed domestic animals
      Stalks and cobs are used to provide domestic fuel
      Stalks and cobs are used as organic manure
      Grains are used in the making of corn oil.(Any 4 x 1 = 4mks)

Question 10

  1.   
    1. Natural vegetation is the plant cover that exist naturally in an area without the interference of any external modifying influence e.g. man.(1mark)
    2. Topographical factors influencing distribution of vegetation.
      Relief
      Aspect
      Drainage(Any 2 well state points 2 x 1 = 2mks)
  2.   
    1. Objectives for the study.
      To find out the type of vegetation around the school
      To determine the use of the vegetation around the school.
      (Any other relevant point 2 x 1 =2mks)
    2. How would you record the findings in your study?
      Note taking.
      Sketching.
      Tabulating.
      Phototaking. (Any other relevant point 4 x 1 = 4 marks)  
  3. Well labeled diagram showing vegetation zonation on a mountain slope
    geo2
  4.   
    1. Adaptation features of tropical desert  vegetation.
      They have succulent stems
      Leaves are reduced to thorns / spikes
      They have long tap roots
      Some plants complete their life cycle within a short period
      They shed their leaves during dry season
      (Any other relevant point 5 x 1 = 5mks)
    2. Two economic importance of desert vegetation.
      The vegetation adds beauty to the landscape
      The vegetation prevents soil erosion by binding the soil together
      The vegetation acts as a habitat for wildlife
      Some plants have medicinal value
      Some desert vegetation are used in building and construction
      Some plants are consumed as food by people
      Fibrous vegetation like sisal are used to make ropes
      The vegetation is a source of fuel either as firewood or charcoal
      (Any 2 points 2 x 1 = 2mks)
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