History P1 Questions and Answers - Wisdom Pre-Mock Form 4 Exams 2021/2022

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

  1. This paper consist of three sections; A, B and C.
  2. Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
  3. All questions must be answered in the answer booklet provided.


QUESTIONS

Section A (25 Marks)
Answer all the questions

  1. Distinguish the term pre-history from history. (2mks)
  2. Give two characteristics of historical event. (2mks)
  3. Which is the main method historian use to obtain historical information about Kenyan communities. (1mark)
  4. In what two ways has the HIV/AIDS pandemic contributed to food shortages in Kenya.(2mks)
  5. What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantu from Shugwaya during Pre-colonial period.(1mark)
  6. Name the community classified as southern cushite in Kenya.(1mk)
  7. Give the evidence that proofed that the Greeks were amongst the early visitors to the east African coast upto 1500. (1mk)
  8. Give two reasons why Kenyan Communities fought against each other during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
  9. Identify the two main items of trade from the interior of Kenya during the long distance Trade. (2 marks)
  10. Name one treaty that led to the abolition of slave trade in East Africa.( 1mark)
  11. Give the meaning of the term Human rights.(1mark)
  12. Give one negative methods of conflict resolution. (1mk)
  13. What constitutional amendment made Kenya return to a multi-party state? (1 mark)
  14. Identify two economic benefits of the Kenya-Uganda railway during the colonial period. (2 marks)
  15. Stated two powers granted to the Imperial British East Africa Company through the royal charter of 1888. (2mks)
  16. Give two ways through which the colonial government acquired land in Kenya during the Colonial period. (2 marks)
  17. State one change introduced by the Lyttleton constitution of 1954 that benefitted the Africans in the struggle for independence. (1 mark)

SECTION B 45 Marks-
Answer any three questions

  1.                      
    1. Outline five features of the earliest people who occupied Kenya. (5Marks)
    2. Describe the economic organization of the Akamba during the pre-colonial period.
  2.                    
    1. State five factors that facilitated the spread of Christianity in East Africa. (5marks)
    2. Discuss five positive effects of slave trade on people of East Africa.(10mks)
  3.                    
    1. Outline three social factors that contributed to the scramble and partition of East Africa.(3mks)
    2. Discuss six factors that facilitated the establishment of the British control over Kenya during the 19th century.(12mks)
  4.                      
    1. Give three reasons why the Bukusu resisted the British rule.(3mks)
    2. Describe the structure of the colonial administration in Kenya.(12mks)

SECTION C 30 Marks-
Answer any two questions.

  1.              
    1. Outline five Key changes in the New Kenya Constitution 2010.
    2. Describe five constitutional reforms agreed by Inter Party Parliamentary Group (IPPG to level the ground before the 1997 general elections. (10mks)
  2.                
    1. Outline three consumer rights that are entitled to citizens. (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that undermine national unity in Kenya. (12mks)
  3.                    
    1. What are the qualifications of a voter in an electoral process in Kenya. (5mks)
    2. Describe the role of the speaker of the national assembly. (10mks)


MARKING SCHEME

  1. Distinguish the term pre-history from history. (2mks)
    • Prehistory refers to the study of unrecorded man’ past events while history is the study of recorded man’s past events
  2. Give two characteristics of historical event. (2mks)
    • must have evidence
    • must have time /date
    • must have space
  3. Which is the main method historian use to obtain historical information about Kenyan communities. (1mark)
    •  oral traditions
  4. In what two ways has the HIV/AIDS pandemic contributed to food shortages in Kenya.(2mks)
    • productive people who have died denying human labour in farming activities
    • the government has used a lot money to cater for the medication of the sick people rather than funding agricultural activities
  5. What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantu from Shugwaya during Pre-colonial period.(1mark)
    • attacks by the oromo/galla
  6. Name the community classified as southern cushite in Kenya.(1mk)
    •  dahallo/sanye
  7. Give the evidence that proofed that the Greeks were amongst the early visitors to the east African coast upto 1500. (1mk)
    • raeco-roman documentary
  8. Give two reasons why Kenyan Communities fought against each other during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
    • for pasture/water
    • territorial boundaries
    • for superiority/prestige
    • to get cattle
  9. Identify the two main items of trade from the interior of Kenya during the long distance Trade. (2 marks)
    • Slaves
    • ivory
  10. Name one treaty that led to the abolition of slave trade in East Africa.( 1mark)
    • Hammerton treaty
    • Moresby treaty
    • Frere treaty
  11. Give the meaning of the term Human rights.(1mark)
    • Thiese are legal claims that citizens are entitled to in country
  12. Give one negative methods of conflict resolution. (1mk)
    • subjugation /war
    • isolation/withdrawal
  13. What constitutional amendment made Kenya return to a multi-party state? (1 mark)
    • repeal of section 2A
  14. Identify two economic benefits of the Kenya-Uganda railway during the colonial period. (2 marks)
    • movement of goods /traders
    • revenue to the colonial government
    • offered employment
    • Asian started dukas along the railway line
  15. Stated two powers granted to the Imperial British East Africa Company through the royal charter of 1888. (2mks)
    • impose custom duties
    • quell resistance from the local communities
    • exploit the natural resources
    • set up system of administration
    • development of infrastructure
  16. Give two ways through which the colonial government acquired land in Kenya during the Colonial period. (2 marks)
    • through legislation
    • through the use of force
    • signing treaties with the local rulers
  17. State one change introduced by the Lyttleton constitution of 1954 that benefitted the Africans in the struggle for independence. (1 mark)
    • allowed Africans to form district based political parties
    • formation of a multiracial council of ministers
  18.          
    1. Outline five features of the earliest people who occupied Kenya. (5Marks
      • spoke with a clicking sound
      • practised hunting and gathering
      • they were nomadic
      • they buried the dead
      • practised fishing
      • lived in rock shelters/caves
      • made and used pottery
      • used stone tools ,bows and arrows
    2. Describe the economic organization of the Akamba during the pre-colonial period.
      • hunting and gathering
      • practised long distance trade
      • kept livestoack i.e cattle
      • engaged in pottery/basketry/carving
      • beekeepers
      • made iron implements
      • grew crops /crop cultivation
  19.                      
    1. State five factors that facilitated the spread of Christianity in East Africa. (5marks)
      • introduction of quinine to treat tropical diseases
      • railway line eased the movement of missionaries to the interior
      • translation of the bible into local languages
      • establishment of mission stations
      • training Africans catechist
      • protection of the missionaries by the colonial government
      • lack of establishment of a well organized religious movement to oppose Christianity in the interior
    2. Discuss five positive effects of slave trade on people of East Africa.(10mks)
      • New foods were introduced through trade routes like maize, pawpaws, rice, groundnuts both at the coast and in the interior.
      • Plantation farming increased in some areas, especially the clove plantations were slaves worked.
      • The interior was opened to the outside world this later encouraged the coming of European missionaries.
      • The trade routes became permanent routes and inland roads which led to growth of communication networks.
      • Kiswahili was introduced in land and is now being widely spoken in Kenya
      • Islam as a religion was introduced by Arabs and it spread in the interior
      • A new race called Swahili was formed through intermarriages between Arabs and some Africans.
      • There was growth of Arab towns in the interior of East Africa
      • There was emergence of dynamic leaders such as Mirambo and Nyungu ya Mawe in the latter half of the nineteenth century.
      • Africans were dispersed to other parts of the world e.g Arabia, America and West Indies.
  20.                                  
    1. Outline three social factors that contributed to the scramble and partition of East Africa.(3mks)
      • The work of Christian missionaries
      • The growth of European population.
      • Anti-slave trade campaigns
    2. Discuss six factors that facilitated the establishment of the British control over Kenya during the 19th century. (12mks)
      • The British obtained reinforcement from the collaborating communities e.g the Maasai.
      • The British military was well trained soldiers that that of the Africans
      • Their guns were superior than Affrican weapons.
      • outbreak of diseases such as smallpox weakened Africans.
      • Disunity amongst Kenyan communities l
      • The British used Scorched Earth Policy, which was punitive to Africans
      • famine that ravaged some African communities weakened them
  21.                            
    1. Give three reasons why the Bukusu resisted the British rule.(3 mks)
      • They wanted to safeguard their independence and culture
      • They were being compelled to recognize Nabongo Mumia as the overall leader of Abaluhyia.
      • The Bukusu did not like the idea of paying taxes to the British through force.
      • They resented the British demand in 1894, that the Bukusu warriors surrender guns they possessed
    2. Describe the structure of the colonial administration in Kenya.(12mks)
      • Colonial secretary. Based in London, he was the political head of the British colonial administration and overall coordinator of the colonial policies as passed by the British parliament.
      • Governor. Reporting to the colonial secretary, he was the representative of the British government in the Kenyan colony. He headed the executive council which effected colonial policies and programmee he gave assent to laws from the LEGCO before they were implemented.
      • Provincial Commissioners. They represented the governor at provincial level and implemented the policies and laws that were enacted by the legislative council that was established in 1907. They supervised the work of DCs, Dos and the entire provincial administration on behalf of the governor.
      • District commissioners. They implemented policies and maintained law and order and security in their districts. They headed the District Advisory Committees. They coordinated the work of Dos and Chiefs.
      • District Officers. They implemented orders from the DCs and coordinated the work of the chiefs. They maintained law and order in their divisions.
      • Chiefs. They acted as a link between the people and the Governor at local levels. They maintained law and order at the locations and coordinated the work of headmen.
      • Headmen. They were a link between the government and the people at the grassroots
  22.                      
    1. Outline five Key changes in the New Kenya Constitution 2010.
      • Reduction of president’s executive powers.
      • Devolution of power to regions (creation of county and national governments.)
      • Creation of the senate and national assembly to constitute parliament.
      • On Citizenship, Birth and registration are the only recognize ways of attaining Kenyan citizenship. Dual citizenship is now recognized by the constitution.
      • Recognition of the Kadhi’s courts as subordinate courts in the judicial court system.
      • Expansion of the citizens’ Bill of Rights to guarantee equal representation for either gender in all governance structures.
    2. Describe five constitutional reforms agreed by Inter Party Parliamentary Group (IPPG to level the ground before the 1997 general elections. (10mks)
      • The KBC shall observe fairness in providing balanced all-inclusive political views in the news coverage.
      • Membership of the Electoral Commission to be reviewed to accommodate the interest of the opposition.
      • Registration of Parties would be done without unnecessary delay.
      • The powers of the chiefs that would likely interfere with political activity at local level be contained.
      • The police Act be amended to provide for politically impartial police force
      • To repeal a number of laws restricting civil and political rights, ad abolition of the offence of sedition
  23.                    
    1. Outline three consumer rights that are entitled to citizens. (3mks)
      • Consumers have the right to goods and services of reasonable quality.
      • Consumers have the right to the information necessary for them to gain full benefit from goods and services.
      • Consumers have the right to the protection of their health, safety, and economic interests.
      • Consumers have the right to compensation for loss or injury arising from defects in goods or services.
    2. Explain six factors that undermine national unity in Kenya. (12mks)
      • Tribalism – this is the practice of favouring people who are from one’s own ethnic group in employment, admission to schools and allocation of resources. Others end up being discriminated against thus leading to hatred and enmity.
      • Nepotism –this is the practice of people favouring their relatives. This vice is similar to tribalism
      • The unequal distribution of resources causes animosity between those who are favoured and those who are not.
      • Political wrangles / Ethnic conflicts / clashes discourage co-operation among the citizens.
      • Corruption – asking for and offering of bribes to obtain and give services violates people’s rights to equal treatment.
      • Discrimination on the basis of gender denies people the right to participate equally in national development.
      • Racism. This is discrimination on the basis of colour/ race. This creates hatred and suspicious among people. This was a common cause of disunity during the colonial days.
      • Religious conflicts. In Kenya, conflicts between the Muslims and Catholics in 2000 led to destruction of a catholic church in Nairobi. Intolerance of other people’s religions creates disunity. Party membership. Multipartism in Kenya has to some extend become a cause of disunity.
      • Poverty. When people lack basic needs such as food, education, health, shelter and clothing, anti-social behaviour arise.
      • Ignorance. Lack of knowledge creates intolerance of other people’s views and lack of appreciation of the development taking place around. This may create unnecessary division.
  24.                          
    1. What are the qualifications of a voter in an electoral process in Kenya. (5mks)
      • One must be an adult citizen at least 18 years old.
      • He/she must be a Kenyan citizen in possession of an identity card or passport.
      • He/she must be a registered voter.
      • He/she must been registered at only one registration centre
      • One must not be an insane person.
      • He/she must have been convicted of an election offence during the Preceding five year
    2. Describe the role of the speaker of the national assembly. (10mks)
      1. He/she presides over the proceedings of the house and ensures that they are conducted in accordance with the rules of procedure. He enforces standing orders in the house.
      2. The speaker disciplines members of the house who violate standing orders by ordering such them to leave the house or be barred from attending three house consecutive sittings.
      3. Maintains order during debates and enforces rules which govern conduct of the house. The speaker interprets the rules of the house.
      4. He/she gives the MPs chance to contribute towards house debates to ensure that the minority are given a fair hearing before the will of the majority prevails.
      5. He/she represents and protects the authority of the house.
      6. He/she organizes and determines the business to be conducted in the house by receiving Bills, motions and questions for discussion in the house, and then prepares an order paper.
      7. He/she adjourns sittings if the house lacks a quorum.
      8. He/she keeps and maintains the attendance register and grants permission to MPs to be absent from sessions. MPs going out of the country must inform the speaker of their absence from Kenya.
      9. He/she heads the National Assembly department and takes charge of its general administration and welfare.
      10. He/she chairs the speaker’s committee, the committee of powers and Privileges and the Order Committee.
      11. The speaker issues orders and makes rules for the regulation of visitors to parliament and represent parliament in its relations with foreign countries.
      12. The speaker chairs the branches of the commonwealth Parliamentary Association, InterParliamentary Union and the Union of African Parliaments. He/she represents Parliament at the commonwealth speaker’s conference.
      13. He/she declares parliamentary seats vacant and issues writs for general elections and byelections.
      14. He/she receives and accepts letters of resignation from members of parliament.
      15. He/she swears in members of parliament before participating in the House deliberations.
      16. He, summons parliament when parliamentarians are on recess
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