INSTRUCTIONS
This paper consists of three sections, A, B and C
Answer all the questions in the section A, three questions in section B and two questions in section C
SECTION A (25 MARKS) Answer all the questions from this section
- Give the main method used by Anthropologists to gather their historical data (1 mk)
- Identify the method used in making of the Sangoan tools (1mk)
- Identify two external causes for Lewanika's collaboration with the British ( 2mks)
- Identify the charted company that Britain used to administer parts of West Africa (1mk)
- Give two reasons why the location of the Samori Toure's second empire contributed to his defeat by the French ( 2mks)
- Identify two ancestors of man associated with the making of oldwan tools (2mks)
- List two inventions which Jethro Tull a British Farmer invented. (2mks)
- State two regions where salt was mined during the Trans-Saharan trade (2mks)
- State two ways in which knowledge of Iron working led to the rise of kingdoms in pre-colonial period (2mks)
- Outline two roles played by the African ex-soldiers in the growth of nationalism after 1945 (2mks)
- State one ways through which the European nations maintained peace among themselves during the partition of African continent (1 mk)
- State two duties of native affairs department in Zimbabwe during the colonial period (2mks)
- Name the underground movement that spearhead the armed resistance in South Africa during the apartheid system (1mk)
- Identify two weapons used during cold war (2mk)
- Identify two vessels used in space explorations (2mks)
SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section -
- Identify three reasons why African slaves were more preferred than other races during the Trans-Atlantic trade ( 3mks)
- Explain six factors which contributed to the decline of Trans-Saharan trade (12 mks)
-
- Name three advantages of the use of radio over newspaper in Modern society (3mks)
- Describe six contributions of TV to economic development (12mks)
-
- Identify three communities in southern Tanganyika that took part in Majimaji uprising (3mks)
- Explain six reasons why Africans in Southern Tanganyika were defeated by Germans in 1907 (12 mks)
-
- Other, than Nigeria name other three Britain colonies in West Africa. ( 3mks)
- Explain six reasons why the British used direct rule in Zimbabwe (12mks)
SECTION C (30 marks
Answer any two questions
-
- Name three political parties that struggled for independence in Ghana (3ks)
- Explain six factors that contributed to Nationalism in Ghana (12mks)
-
- Give five reasons for the failure of the peace settlement after the First World War (Smks)
- Discuss five causes of Second World War (10mks)
-
- Name three founders of Non-Aligned Movement (3mks)
- Explain six factors that undermined the activities of Non-Aligned Movement (12mks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Give the method used by anthropologist to gather their historical data. (1x1mk)
Observation - Identify the method used in making Sangoan tools (1x1=1mk)
Levallois technique - Identify two external reasons for Lewanika's collaboration with British
- Raiding or attack by the Ndebele
- Influence by Khama paramount chief of Ngwato who sought British protection in 1885
- Feared the Portuguese from East, Germans from West and Boers from South hence needed protection.
- Encouraged by missionaries to seek British protection i.e. Francois Coillard. (2x1=2mks)
- Identify the charted company that British used to administer parts of West Africa
The Royal Niger Company under Fredrick Lugard - Give two reasons why the location of Samori Toures second empire contributed to his defeat by the French
- Was cut off from Bure gold fields which denied him important sources of revenues for sustaining the army.
- His second empire was checked by the British occupation of Asante in 1896
- He was exposed to war with communities he had earlier attacked
- He was cut-off from free-town where he had secured arms. (Any 2x1=2mks)
- Identify two ancestors of man associated with the making of oldowan tools.
Australopithecus
Homohabilis - List two inventions which Jethro Tull British farmer invented
Seed drill (1707)
Horse-drawn hoe(1707) - State two regions where salt was mined duting trans-saharan trade
- Taghaza
- L.Chad
- Medan
- Bilma
- State two ways in which knowledge of iron working led to the rise of kingdoms in pre-colonial period
- Iron arms used in war led to the rise of kingdoms
- It was used as Trade commodities to generate income to pay warriors
- Roles played by African ex-soldiers in the growth of African nationalism.
- Broke the myth concerning European supremacy
- They taught Africans how to repair weapons
- They taught Africans how to use weapons
- State one way through which the European nations maintained peace among themselves
- By signing treaties
- By organizing the Berlin conference to lay down the guiding principles of partition
- State two duties of native affairs department in Zimbabwe during the colonial period
Allocation of land to Africans- Collection of taxes
- Recruiting African labour
- Name the underground movement that spearheaded the armed resistance in south Africa during the apartheid system
Umkhoto We Sizwe spear of the nation) - Identify two weapons used during cold war
- Propaganda
- Economic sanctions
- Financial aid to enemies of opposing side
- Military aid to enemies of opposing side
- Identify two vessels used in space exploration
- Rocket
- Satellites
- Space shuttles
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions
-
- identify three reasons why Africans slaves were more preferred than other races during the trans-Atlantic trade
- The supply of African slaves was high
- Regarded as immune to tropical diseases
- Their complexion prevented them from escaping easily
- They could be subjected to any form of indignation
- Both men and women could work
- They were cheap to acquire
- Explain six factors which contributed to the decline of Trans-Saharan trade (12 mks)
- The mine fields got exhausted and this discouraged the traders from coming to West Africa
- Political instability in the region brought about anarchy and insecurity following the fall of empires
- The invasion of Songhai by the Almoravids and Tuaregs who spread Islam through Jihads increasing insecurity along trader routes
- The Moroccan invasion of Western Sudan in the 16th century undermined trading activities
- The growth of Trans-Atlantic Trade attracted some Trans-Saharan Traders thus weakening it.
- The colonization of North Africa and West Africa took over the resources thus weakening it
- The invasion of North Africa by Turks created insecurity along the trade routes thus undermining the trade .
- The Tuaregs started robbing the traders
- The abolition of slave trade affected the trade
- Increased possession of fire arms intensified warfare between trading centres
- identify three reasons why Africans slaves were more preferred than other races during the trans-Atlantic trade
-
- Name three advantages of the use of radio over newspaper in Modern society (3mks)
- Sends messages to distance places in the shortest time possible
- It's cheap
- Serves a large number of people at the same time
- Accepted by many as it uses local and foreign languages
- Describe six contributions of TV to economic development (12mks)
- Has promoted business and trade through advertisement
- Created employment opportunities
- Has generated revenue for the government through taxation
- Has educated the masses on economic issues
- Color circuit has enhanced security in business premises
- Has provided a variety of entertainment through various entertainment programs thus generating income
- Has facilitated cultural development/borrowing through music and drama
- Name three advantages of the use of radio over newspaper in Modern society (3mks)
-
- Identify three communities in southern Tanganyika that took part in Majimaji uprising (3mks)
- Zaramo
- Matumbi
- Ndendeule
- Ngindo
- Lugulu
- Wamwera
- Pogoro
- Explain six reasons why Africans in Southern Tanganyika were defeated by Germans in 1907 12 mks)
- Germans had strong weapons like guns while Africans were unarmed (inferior weapons)
- Disunity among Africans, some communities supported Germans against fellow Africans
- The capturing of African leaders demoralized the fighters
- Failure of the traditional religion to protect them against the bullets
- Germans use of scorched earth policy starved the Africans Africans were disorganized
- Identify three communities in southern Tanganyika that took part in Majimaji uprising (3mks)
-
- Other than Nigeria name other three Britain colonies in West Africa. ( 3mks)
- Ghana
- Gambia
- Serria leone
- Explain six reasons why the British used direct rule in Zimbabwe (12mks)
- The indigenous/local political institutions based on Induna system had been destroyed during British occupations of Zimbabwe
- They desired to control the economy of Zimbabwe to maximize profit
- To ensure complete control of the Africa/to end Africa resistance
- The existence of British south Africa company personnel on the spot which were familiar with the areas
- The British South Africa company had enough finance to pay administrative officers
- The Chimurenga appraising 1896-1897 had eroded European confidence in traditional African leadership in the colony.
SECTION C (30 marks)
Answer any two questions
- Other than Nigeria name other three Britain colonies in West Africa. ( 3mks)
-
- Name three political parties that struggled for independence in Ghana (mks)
- Convection People Party (CPP)
- United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)
- National League of Gold Coast
- Explain six factors that contributed to Nationalism in Ghana (12mks)
- Discontentment of the World War two ex-servicemen
- The granting of independence of India and Pakistan inspired the Ghanaian nationalism
- The colonial system of education produced many school leavers who were jobless and frustrated
- Exploitation of Ghanaian minerals and agricultural produce by British
- High prices of essential goods in towns Africans were denied import and export licenses
- They were inspired by the Pan-African movement
- Their morale was boosted by UNO which supported decolonization
- Name three political parties that struggled for independence in Ghana (mks)
-
- Give five reasons for the failure of the peace settlement after the First World War (5mks)
- German was wholly blamed for the war and punishment was too harsh and she resented it
- Interest of the colonized people was not considered by the allies as the colonial benefits were handed over to France and Britain as mandates of league of nation.
- Italy was a major power yet she was given a row deal in the peace settlement as she only got Stria which formerly belonged to Austalia
- Interest of the minority were not considered e.g. Australia/German union was disallowed yet the Australians were for it
- The USA senate did not support it as the USA constitution did not allow commitment to such organization like League of Nation which was proposed by Woodrow
- Discuss five causes of Second World War (10mks)
- Growth of nationalism Great depression of 1929-1931
- Violation of Versailles treaty by German
- The policy of appeasement adopted by France and Britain
- The weakness of the league of nation which failed to prevent rearmaments of German
- Rise of dictators in Europe e.g. Adolf Hitler of German
- Formation of alliances by Western Europe which created mistrust
- Hitler ambition to revive Germans lost glory encouraged him to engage in acts of aggression against several European nation
- Give five reasons for the failure of the peace settlement after the First World War (5mks)
-
- Name three founders of Non-Aligned Movement (3mks)
- Jawaharlal Nehru of India
- Abdel Nasser of Egypt
- Marshal Tito of Yogoslavia
- Surkano of Indonesia
- Choo-en-lai of china
- Explain six factors that undermined the activities of Non-Aligned Movement (12mks)
- Political instability e.g. civil wars
- Ties with former colonial masters making it so difficult for member state to pursue independent line
- Border dispute e.g. North and South Korea
- National interest are placed first before those of NAM
- Lack of adequate funds by member countries due to poverty
- Divided loyalty-some member states are also members of other organization
- Lack of permanent institution framework to coordinate its activities especially secretariat
- Name three founders of Non-Aligned Movement (3mks)
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