History Paper 1 Kenya High Post Mock Exams 2020 - Questions and Answers

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of THREE sections: A, B and C.
• Answer ALL the questions in section A, THREE questions from section B and TWO questions from section C.
• Answers to all the questions must be written in answer sheets provided.

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.

1. State the main source of information in history and government on Kenyan communities. (1 Mark)
2. What was the main reason for the dispersal of the coastal Bantus from Shungwaya? (1 Mark)
3. Identify two customs acquired by the Bantu from their interaction with the Cushites. (2 Marks)
4. State the main archeological evidence to proof that there was contact between the Kenyan coast and the Chinesein the early 16th century. (1 Mark)
5. State two recommendations of the Devonshirewhitepaper of 1923. (2 Marks)
6. Give two reasons why the Akamba participated in the long distance trade. (2 Marks)
7. Name two leaders who led the Agyriama during their resistance against British occupation of Kenya. (2 Marks)
8. Identify two rights of the marginalized groups as contained in the Kenyan constitution. (2 Marks)
9. List two conditions a person in Kenya must fulfil to vie for presidential elections (2 Marks)
10. Name two missionary societies that merged to form the alliance of missionary societies in British East Africa. (2 Marks)
11. State two reasons why the Africans were not allowed to grow cash crops during the colonial period. (2 Marks)
12. Give two sources of Kenya law (2 Marks)
13. Name the engineer who supervised the construction of the Kenya – Uganda railway. (1 Mark)
14. Identify two factors that led to the emergence of independent churches and schools in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 Marks)
15. Why is the right to life the most important right in the Kenyan constitution? (1 Mark)
    
    SECTION B (45 MARKS)
    Answer any three questions from the is section in the answer booklet provided
16.  
    1. State three duties of the morans among the Maasai during thepre-colonial period. (3 Marks)
    2. Explain the social political systems of the Ameru during the pre-colonial period. (12 Marks)
17.  
    1. Enumerate five factors that led to the decline of the Indian Ocean trade. (5 Marks)
    2. Explain the positive impact of the Portuguese rule along the East African coast. (10 Marks)
18.  
    1. Outline five roles played by women in the struggle for independence in Kenya. (5 Marks )
    2. Explain five contributions of Wangari Maathai in nation building. (10 Marks)
19.   
    1. Give three reasons why Africans refused to give their labour to white settlers. (3 Marks)
    2. Explain the effects of colonial land policies on the people of Kenya. (12 Marks)
       
       SECTION C (30 MARKS)
       Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided
20.   
    1. State five values of good citizenship. (5Marks)
    2. Explain five reasons that can lead to Kenyan citizenship being revoked. (10Marks)
21.   
    1. Identify three features of the independence constitution of Kenya in 1962. (3Marks)
    2. Explain six constitutional changes in Kenya between 1975 and 2011. (12Marks)
22.   
    1. List three sources of county revenue. (3Marks)
    2. Discuss six reasons why devolved government in Kenya is very important. (12Marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

1. State the main source of information in history and government on Kenya communities.
   • Oral traditions 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
2. What was the main reason for the dispersal of the coastal Bantus from Shungwaya?
   • Attacks by the Oromo speakers 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
3. Two customs acquired by the Bantu from their interaction with the Cushites.
   • Circumcision
   • Age set system
   • Taboo’s against eating fish 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
4. Main archeological evidence to proof that there was contact between the Kenyan coast and the Chinese in the early 16th century.
   • Chinese coin 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
5. Two recommendations of the Devonshire white paper of 1923.
   • Kenya was an African country therefore African interests were to be considered first /paramount.
   • The Kenya Highlands were reserved for European settlers only.
   • The Indians were allowed to elect five representatives to the legco but on a communal roll.
   • A missionary was to be nominated to the legco to represent African interests
   • Racial segregation was to be abolished in residential areas. 2 x 1 – 2 marks
6. Two reasons why the Akamba participated in the long distance trade.
   • Ukambani land had poor soils and unreliable rainfall for farming
   • Out break of famine in Ukambani in 1836
   • Ukambani land was centrally placed between the coast and the interior
   • The Akamba had an enterprising merchant who organized people into caravans. 2 x 1 = 2 marks
7. Two leaders who led the Agyriama during their resistance against British occupation of Kenya.
   • MekatililiwaMenza
   • WanjawaMadorika
8. Two rights of the marginalized groups as contained in the Kenyan constitution.
   • Right to participate in government and other spheres of life
   • Right to be provided with appropriate education
   • Right to be provided with employment
   • Right to develop their cultural values, language and practices.
   • Right to have access to water, health services and infrastructure. 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
9. Two conditions a person in Kenya must fulfil to vie for presidential elections
   • Must be a Kenyan citizen
   • Must be 35 years and above
   • Must be a registered voter in a constituency
   • Must be nominated by a political party
   • Must not be bankrupt
   • Must be of sound mind
10. Two missionary societies that merged to form the alliance of missionary societies in British East Africa.
    • Church Missionary Society
    • Church of Scotland Mission (CSM)
    • African Inland Mission (AIM)
    • United Methodist Church Mission (UMCM) 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
11. Two reasons why the Africans were not allowed to grow cash crops during the colonial period.
    • Europeans did not want to compete with the Africans in the market
    • The Europeans feared that the Africans would produce low quality products
    • Africans crops would affect the European farms since they lacked capital for pesticides.
    • Europeans feared to loose African labour 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
12. Two sources of Kenyan law
    • African customs
    • Religious belief systems
    • British common law
    • Legislation or acts of parliament
    • Judicial precedents
    • The constitution 2 x 1 = 1 mark
13. The engineer who supervised the construction of the Kenya – Uganda railway.
    • George Whitehouse
14. Two factors that led to the emergence of independent churches and schools in Kenya during the colonial period.
    • Africans were against the missionaries who were against their culture
    • Africans were against missionary education that prepared Africans for low cadre jobs
    • The Africans were expelled from churches and schools
    • Africans were discriminated against in the church leadership 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
15. Why is the right to life the most important right in the Kenyan constitution?
    • Without the right to life, one cannot enjoy the other rights 1 x 1 = 1 mark
      
      SECTION B (45 MARKS)
16.  
    1.   
       • Duties of the morans among the Maasai during the pre-colonial period.
       • They defended the community against external attacks
       • They conducted raiding activities
       • They ensured that there was security within the community 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Explain the social political systems of the Ameru during the pre-colonial period.
       Social
       • Organized in clan system of related members.
       • Believed in a supreme being referred to as BaabaWeetu
       • Practiced circumcision of both boys and girls
       • They were polygamous and exogamous
       • Believed in ancestral spirits
       • There was division of labour mark Any3 x 2 = 6 Marks
         Political
       • Organized in clan led by a council of elders
       • They were decentralized community
       • They practiced age set system that produced a class of warrior’s
       • Ameru had different councils of elders that worked under the moral code.
       • The religious leaders assisted in administration. Mark any three 3 x 2 = 6 Marks
17.   
    1. Five factors that led to the decline of the Indian Ocean trade.
       • Exhaustion of items of trade like slaves, gold and ivory
       • Abolition of slavery and slave trade
       • European colonization of East Africa
       • Emergence of industrial revolution in Europe
         Establishment of legitimate trade by the missionaries
       • The Portuguese conquest of East African Coast 5 x 1 = 5 Marks
    2. Positive impact of the Portuguese rule along the East African coast.
       • Introduction of new crops in East Africa such as maize, groundnuts, cassava, sweet potatoes, citrus, fruits, guavas etc
       • Africans leant to use animal waste as manure from the Portuguese
       • Kiswahili language adopted some Portuguese words e.g. mvinyo (Mvinyo meaning wine)
       • Portuguese architecture was introduced at the coast such as the construction of fort Jesus and Vasco da Gamas pillar in Malindi.
       • Portuguese rule made the people at the coast to interact with the Indians from Goa.These later came to settle in Kenya
       • The Portuguese spread Christianity in Kenya. 5 x 2 = 10 Marks
18.   
    1. Five roles played by women in the struggle for independence in Kenya.
       1. Women incited fighters to attack the British government such as prophetessMoraa incited Otenyo to attack general North Corte in 1908.
       2. MekatililiwaMenza inspired the Agyriama to resist colonial rule. She administered oaths to the people
       3. Women supplied food, clothes and weapons to the fighters such as WambuiOtieno
       4. Women acted as spies and supplied information to the fighters
       5. Women fought along side men in the forest like marshal Muthoni
       6. Women acted as nurses to the injured fighters
       7. Women set up independent churches and schools that encouraged Africans to join the armed struggle
       8. Women composed songs that mobilized and inspired the fighters to fight more and more
          5 x 2 = 10 Marks
    2. Five contributions of Wangari Maathai in nation building.
       • In 1976 Wangari Maathai became the first woman to acquire P.H.D in veterinary medicine and was appointed by the U.N. O to represent East and central Africa
       • 1977, she became a senior lecturer and later an associate professor
       • 1977 she started the Green Belt movement whose aim was to prevent soil erosion across Kenya by planting trees
       • Wangari Maathai served as the chairperson of MaendeleoyaWanawakeand the national council of women of Kenya.
       • 1991 – 1992 she participated in pressurizing the government to give multiparty democracy in Kenya.
       • 2002 she became the M.P for Tetu constituency and was appointed assistant minister in the ministry of environment natural resources and wildlife. 5 x 2 = 10 Marks
19.  
    1. Three reasons why Africans refused to give their labour to white settlers.
       • Africans were against the settlers because they took away their land
       • Africans had no value for money
       • Africans did not want to leave their families in the rural areas
       • The settlers gave Africans low pay
       • African were overworked and abused when working 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. The effects of colonial land policies on the people of Kenya.
       • Africans were dispossessed of their land as the settlers acquired large tracks of land
       • African land was curved out for the construction of the railway and other uses by the Europeans
       • Many Africans were pushed into reserves
       • Land alienation disrupted African traditional structures like women took up men roles in the reserves.
       • Africans were compelled to give their labour to the settlers
       • Taxes were introduced to force the Africans to work for the Europeans
       • Africans became bitter and later led political groups to fight the Europeans. Any6 x 2 = 12 marks
         
         SECTION C (30 MARKS)
20.   
    1. State five values of good citizenship.
       • A good citizen is loyal to the nation and its leadership
       • A good citizen should be patriotic
       • A good citizen obeys the laws of the country
       • A good citizen respects other people
       • A good citizen cooperates with the police when required any5 x 1 = 5 marks
    2. Five reasons that can lead to Kenyan citizenship being revoked.
       • Citizenship can be revoked if it was acquired through fraud
       • If during war a person engages or communicates with an enemy or assists the enemy during war
       • If one is convicted and sentenced for 3 years or more before five years from the date of registration
       • If a person has been convicted of treason
       • If one is out of the country for a long period without informing the Kenyan embassy any5x2 = 10mks
21.   
    1. Three features of the independence constitution of Kenya in 1962.
       • Provided for establishment of federal government
       • Spelt out that the party with majority forms government
       • Spelt out the rights and obligations of citizens
       • Provided for establishment of national assembly consisting of the senate and house of representatives
       • Provided for a post of prime minister to head government
       • Provided for the post of governor general to head the state
       • Spelt out the power and responsibilities between regional government
       • Divided the responsibilities between regional and central government any3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Six constitutional changes in Kenya between 1975 and 2011.
       • 1975 - The official language in the national Assembly was made to be either English or Kiswahili
       • 1979 - Public servants who desired to vie for position in general elections were to resign at least six months before the elections.
       • 1982 - Section 2A was amended makingKenya adejure one party state
       • Position of the chief secretary as the head of the civil service was formalized
       • 1986 - Citizenship requirement was repealed. Those whose parents were Kenyans were entitled to citizenship
       • 1991 - The number of constituencies were raised to 210.
       • Section 2A was repealed and Kenya became a multi-party state
       • 2010 - After the referendum, a new constitution was promulgated. any6 x 2 = 12 marks
22.   
    1. Three sources of county revenue.
       • Grants from the national government
       • Loans
       • Sell of trade licenses
       • Rents
       • Fines
       • Sale of county property like land
       • Cess any3 x1 = 3 marks
    2. Why devolved government in Kenya is very important.
       • To distribute authority over public goods and revenue hence making it difficult for individuals and groups of officials to collude and engage in corruption
       • It fosters effective co-operation within the devolved units, particularly where devolution of authority takes place along territorial and communal lines thereforelocal communities are able to mobilize social pressure against corruption
       • It provides goods and services whose consumption is limited to their own areas.
       • It has the ability to promote gender efficiency in public services and allocating resources
       • Encourages innovation in the delivery of services as people have a greater incentive to take part in aspects of community
       • It becomes sensitive to regional variations
       • Provides an effective governance frame work for advancing policies to help the poor and therefore elevates poverty in society. any6 x 2 = 12 marks