KCSE 2015 History Paper 2 with Marking Scheme

SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section.

1. Identify two branches of history. (2 marks)
2. State one theory that explains how early agriculture developed. (1 mark)
3. Give two methods of irrigation used in ancient Egypt. (2 marks)
4. Give two features for the Roman roads by 300 AD. (2 marks)
5. State one advantage of horn blowing as a means of communication during the pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
6. Identify the main source of energy used in the early stages Industrial Revolution in Europe. (1 mark)
7. State one advantage of using steel over iron during the Industrial Revolution in Europe. (1 mark)
8. Give the main factor that contributed to the emergence of Johannesburg as a modern urban centre. (1 mark)
9. Identify two methods used by the European powers to acquire colonies in Africa. (2 marks)
10. Name the European power that colonized Zimbabwe. (1 mark)
11. Identify two types of weapons used during the cold war.(2 marks)
12. State one way in which members of Non-Aligned movement maintain neutrality in world affairs. (1 mark)
13. Give two functions of the East African Legislative assembly of the East African Community, 2001. (2 Marks)
14. State one function of the Court of Justice of the Common Market for East an Southern Africa.(COMESA) (1 mark)
15. Identify two principles of the Arusha declaration in 1967. (2 marks)
16. Give two categories of persons who are disqualified from contesting for a constituency seat in Britain. (2 marks)
17. Name one house of parliament in India. (1 mark)    

SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer three questions from this section.

18.     
    1. State five stages of evolution of man. (5 marks)
    2. Describe the way of life of human being during the Late Stone Age period. (10 marks)
19.     
    1. State five disadvantages of using barter trade during the Trans-Saharan Trade. (5 marks)
    2. Describe the organization of the Trans-Saharan Trade. (10 marks) 
20.        
    1. Identify five forms of print media used in communication. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five positive effects of telecommunication is society. (10 marks)
21.     
    1. State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors that contributed to the success of the front for liberation of the Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (10 marks)                    

SECTION C (30 marks)
Answer two questions from this section

22.     
    1. Give three functions of the Lukiiko in the kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3 marks)
    2. Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire during the 19th century. (12 marks)   
23.    
    1. Give three reasons why the United States of America did not join the First World War until 1917. (12 marks) 
    2. Explain six effects of the First World War. (12 marks)
       
       
24.        
    1. State three common characteristics of the commonwealth states. (3 marks)
    2. Describe six achievements of the commonwealth since its formation. (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A: (25 marks)

1. Identify two branches of history
   1. Political history
   2. Social history
   3. Economic history
      Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
2. State one theory that explains how early agriculture developed
   1. One area theory/diffusion theory/centrufugal theory
   2. It developed independently in different areas/independent theory
      Any 1 x 1 = 1 mark)
3. Identify two methods of irrigation used in ancient Egypt
   1. Basin
   2. Shadoof
   3. Canal
      Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
4. Give two features of the Roman roads by 300 AD
   1. They were straight
   2. They were well drained
   3. They were durable
   4. They had bridges/tunnels
      Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
5. State one advantage of horn blowing as a means of communication during the pre-colonial period:
   1. It was used to send a variety of messages
   2. It was used to send messages over a long distance
   3. It could be used at any time
      1x 1 = 1 mark
6. Identify the main source of energy used in the early stages of Industrial Revolution in Europe:
   Coal
   1x 1 = 1 mark
7. State one advantage of using steel over iron during the Industrial Revolution in Europe:
   1. It was harder
   2. It was lighter
   3. It was stronger
   4. It was flexible It could not rust
      Any 1 x 1 = 1 mark
8. Give the main factor that contributed to the emergence of Johannesburg as a modern urban centre Discovery of gold deposits
   1 x 1 = 1 mark
9. Identify two methods used by the European powers to acquire colonies in Africa
   1. Military expedition/use of force
   2. signing of treaties use of diplomacy
   3. treachery/use of tricks
   4. use of companies
   5. Divide and rule
      Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
10. Name the European power that colonized Zimbambwe
    Britain
    1x 1 = 1 mark
11. Identify two types of weapons used during the cold war
    1. war of words/propaganda
    2. economic sanctions
    3. military assistance
    4. Financial/Technical aid
       Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
12. State one way in which members of Non-aligned movement maintain neutrality in world affairs
    1. By not entering into military alliances with other countries
    2. By maintaining independent foreign policies
    3. By maintaining friendly relations with other countries
    4. By not involving themselves in the power struggle between communist and capitalist blocs
       1 x 1 = 1 mark
13. Give two functions of the East African Legislative Assembly of the East African Community 2001
    1. It makes laws/legislations
    2. It monitors EAC operations
    3. It represents interests of the member states/provides a democratic forum for debate.
       Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
14. State one function of the Court of Justice of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA).
    1. It interprets the provision of the treaty
    2. It ensures proper application of the treaty
    3. It arbitrates disputes among members
       Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
15. Identify two principles of the Arusha Declaration of 1967
    1. Self-reliance
    2. Nationalization of the main means of production
    3. Ujamaa/socialism policy
    4. Human equality/non-discrimination
       Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks.
16. Give two categories of persons who are disqualified from contesting for a constituency seat in Britain
    1. Clergy of the church of England/Scotland/Ireland/Roman Catholic priests 
    2. Aliens/foreigners
    3. The noble/peers/members of the House of Lords
    4. Members of the armed forces who are not discharged/judges/civil servants/police officers
    5. Mentally incapacitated persons
    6. Persons declared bankrupt
    7. Persons who have committed electoral offences/corrupt persons
    8. Members of the Royal family
    9. A person serving a jail term of more than one year
       Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
17. Name one house of parliament in India
    1. House of the people/lower house/Lok Sabha
    2. The council of the state/upper house/Rajya sabha
       

SECTION B (45 marks

18.    
    1. State five stages of evolution of man
       1. Aegyptopithecus (Egyptian ape)
       2. Dryopithecus africanus/Proconsul/Woodland
       3. Kenyapithecus (Kenyan ape)/Ramapithecus (Asian ape)
       4. Austrolopithecus (southern ape) Zinjathropus/Nutcrucker man
       5. Homo habilis (handy man)
       6. Homo erectus (upright man)
       7. Homo sapien (intelligent man)
       8. Homo sapien sapiens (modern man)
          Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
    2. Describe the way of life of human being during the Late Stone Age period
       1. Microlithic tools were widely used which were more efficient/effective in farming/hunting/defence
       2. They lived in more permanent shelter made of tree branches/leaves/grass which protected them from harsh climatic conditions/wild animals
       3. They practised agriculture thus were ensured regular/adequate supply of food
       4. Man led a more sedentary life thereby enabling them to carry out other activities
       5. They developed a system of government in order to control the conduct of the people
       6. They developed religious beliefs/practices which they used to explain mysteries of nature/natural phenomena
       7. They practised art/craft/basketry/pottery/clothes which they used for various purposes
       8. They buried/cremated their dead with their possession as an expression of their belief in life after death
       9. They developed distinct languages to enhance communication
       10. They decorated their bodies with red ochre/painted their shelters
       11. They wore a variety of garments/clothing
           Any 5 points, well explained x 2 = 10 marks
19.    
    1. State five disadvantages of using barter method of trade during the Trans-saharan trade:
       1. It only occurred when there was double coincidence of want
       2. Some goods were not divisible
       3. Lack of common language undermined it
       4. It lacked a common measure of value 
       5. Some goods were bulky/difficult to carry 
       6. Some goods were perishable
          Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
    2. Describe the organisation of the Trans-saharan trade
       1. It involved the Berbers/Arabs from North Africa who traded with people of Western Sudan
       2. There were middlemen who coordinated trading activities between the two regions/rich merchants from the North trade
       3. The Tuaregs guided/protected the traders from possible attacks
       4. The camels were used as the main means of transport across the desert
       5. The traders were organised into caravans in order to enhance security across the desert
       6. Barter/silent trade was used as the traders lacked a common language
       7. Trade goods were sourced from both North African and Western Sudan/Western Africa/North Africa salt , horses, guns, clothes, mirrors, Western Sudan: slaves, gold, kolanuts, ivory, animal skin, ostrich feathers.
       8. There were definite trade routes followed by the traders in order to avoid getting lost
       9. Kings/chiefs maintained law and order in their territory thereby creating a conducive trading environment.
       10. The traders made stops at the oasis to refresh themselves and let their camels drink water.
       11. The rulers in Western Sudan regulated trade/controlled the amount of gold/ levied taxes/received gifts.
           Any 5 points well explained x 2 = 10 marks
20.    
    1. Identify five forms of print media used in communication
       1. Books
       2. Newspapers
       3. Magazines
       4. Journal/periodicals
       5. Newsletters
       6. Brochures
       7. Braille Posters
          5 x 1 = 5 marks
    2. Explain five positive effects of telecommunication in a society (10 marks)
       1. It enables storage of information for future use/reference
       2. It enables faster transmission of information hence saves time
       3. It provides entertainment/recreation thereby enabling positive use of leisure time
       4. It enhances reality as live pictures are transmitted to the viewers
       5. It promotes trade through e-commerce/e-banking/advertisement thus making transaction more effective/efficient
       6. It enhances security as crime could be easily detected using various telecommunication devises
       7. It creates employment opportunities enabling people to improve their standard of living/earning income
       8. It generates revenue to the government which enables it to undertake development
       9. It promotes cultural exchange thereby enhancing understanding/ improving relations between nations
       10. It promotes water/air transport through the use of telecommunication devices that guides crew
       11. It has promoted space exploration through use of satellites thereby enabling better understanding of the outer space.
       12. It promotes education eg. by radio, television and internet
       13. Accessibility to remote areas has been made possible by use of cell phones.
       14. It has enhanced weather forecasting by use of satellite.
       15. It promotes the spread of ideas/ by use of radio, television & internet.
           Any 5 points well explained x 2 = 10 marks
21.    
    1. State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana (5 marks)
       1. The unemployment of young educated people.
       2. The existence of elite.
       3. High prices of consumer goods/the poor prices of cocoa.
       4. The discontent of the ex-servicemen.
       5. Africans were denied trading licences
       6. Granting of independence to India Pakistan.
       7. Influence from Pan African Movement.
       8. The declaration of the UN Charter.
       9. Inadequate representation in the legco.
       10. Forced taxation.
       11. The decision by the British to built a university in Ibadan rather than in Ghana caused discontent among the Ghanaians.
       12. Loss of power of local traditional chiefs.
       13. Need to guard against possible land alienation by the British united the Africans.
       14. Forced cutting of the cocoa trees.
       15. Charismatic leadership provided by Kwame Nkruma united the people.
           Any 5 points x 1 = 5 marks
    2. Explain five factors that contribute to the success of the Front for the Liberation of the Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (10 marks)
       1. The local people supported the fighters thereby inspiring them
       2. FRELIMO cultivated its own food which ensured regular/steady supply to the fighters
       3. The FRELIMO fighters were familiar with the terrain which gave them advantage over the Portuguese
       4. Support by communist countries/USSR/China inform of weapons/ammunition/ finance enabled them to continue with the struggle
       5. The support given by the OAU to the FRELIMO encouraged the nationalists to continue with the struggle
       6. FRELIMO used guerilla warfare/tactics which made it difficult for the Portuguese to defeat them
       7. The system of administration established in the liberated areas by FRELIMO appealed to the Africans who in turn supported them
       8. Friendly frontline states provided bases for operation making it difficult for the Portuguese to suppress them
       9. The recognition of the role of women by FRELIMO
       10. Elimination of ethinicity among the nationalists
       11. FRELIMO strategy of attacking from different points at the same time.
       12. The large army that outnumbered the Portuguese solders.
       13. Coup in Portugal in 1974 by soldiers who were against colonial wars.
           Any 5 points, well explained x 2 = 10 marks
           

SECTION C (30 marks)

22.    
    1. Give three functions of the Lukiiko in the Kingdom of Buganda during the precolonial period (3 marks)
       1. It helped Kabaka in the administration
       2. It acted as final court of appeal/settled disputes
       3. It advised Kabaka
       4. It represented the people's interests
       5. It directed the budget/collection of taxes 
       6. It made laws
          Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire by the 19th Century (12 marks)
       1. Tran-Atlantic trade generated a lot of wealth which enabled the empire to prosper It had able/skilled/shrewd rulers who were courageous/development conscious
       2. They had a symbol of unity/golden stool which bonded the people together
       3. Centralised system of administration ensured stability as there was clear command Strong agricultural base ensured regular food supply leading to growth of population
       4. Presence of large/strong army provided defence/expanded the empire through conquest
       5. Availability of gold enabled the kingdom to generate wealth that was used for further development.
       6. The Odwira Festival brought the leaders/people together thereby making the empire more cohesive.
       7. The need to free themselves from the oppressive Denkiyra rule.
       8. The unity of the Akan speaking people around Kumasi loyoko clan.
          Any 6 points, well explained x 2 = 12 marks
23.    
    1. Give three reasons why the United States of America (USA) did not join the First World War until 1917 (3 marks)
       1. The Monroe doctrine prohibited USA involvement
       2. She had commercial/trade relations with both alliances
       3. The war had not interfered with her interests before 1917
       4. Fear of revolt by her citizens of German descent/stirring a civil war in the country
          Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Explain six effects of the First World War (12 marks)
       1. It led to massive loss of human life as conflict between opposing camps continued.
       2. There was massive destruction of property/infrastructure thereby causing a lot of suffering/poverty/loss of livelihood.
       3. It led to the displacement of people thereby creating refugees/homeless people.
       4. It led to use of huge sums of money thereby weakening the economies of the countries involved/buying weapons/recruitment and & maintenance of soliers/ building of roads and bridges for transportation of troops.
       5. It led to food shortages as people joined the war. 
       6. It created insecurity/fear, animosity/suspicions among people increased.
       7. USA emerged as the leading world power thereby upsetting the existing balance of power in the world.
       8. It led to emergence of new nations eg. Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czachoslovakia, Poland, states as some former states disintegrated.
       9. It led to formation of the League of Nations to maintain world peace.
       10. It led to the rise of nationalization in Africa and Asia. 
       11. It led to spread of diseases such as STD's and pneumonia/Spanish influenza. 
       12. It led to advancement of surgery and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.
       13. It led to development of transport eg. aircraft and motor vehicles.
       14. It led to the promotion of the status of women in Europe and USA.
24.       
    1. State three common characteristics of the Commonwealth member states (3 marks)
       
       1. They use English as the official language
       2. The English Monarch/King/Queen is recognized as the head.
       3. They cooperate in sports/games.
       4. They make consultations/exchange information eg. in financial, trade, science, education and technical assistance.
       5. They have close economic ties
       6. Most of the states have similar legal/administration systems/parliamentary system.
       7. They have a common military tradition based on the British one.
       8. They enjoy universal adult suffrage.
       9. Members hold regular conferences of heads of state.
          Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Describe six achievements of the commonwealth since its formation
       1. It maintains peace by sending peace keepers to the war-torn member countries
       2. It has established a fund to assist the economically poor member states to meet their needs.
       3. It provides technical assistance/expertise to the less developed members
       4. It promotes the development of education by offering scholarships/exchange programmes.
       5. It promotes mutual understanding/cooperation among members by holding joint sports/games/cultural activities.
       6. It promotes consultations among member states in areas of common interests by holding joint forums.
       7. It has promoted good governance through holding regular meetings by the members of parliament/sending observers during elections. 
       8. It promotes the development of the youth through the commonwealth youth programme
       9. It has enabled the member states to speak in one voice/have a common stand in the international fora.
       10. It promotes trade among members states.
           Any 6 points, well explained x 2 = 12 marks