-
- T3N2 √1
- Ionic bond √1
- Ethanol forms hydrogen bond√1 while butane has no√1 hydrogen bond
-
- X Calcium Carbide / CaC2 √½
Y Copper (II) sulphate √½ - b) CaC2(s) + 2H2 O(l) → C2 H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq)
- X Calcium Carbide / CaC2 √½
- Iron (II) sulphate change from green to yellow / brown √1 iron (iii) sulphate
Chlorine oxidizes Iron (ii) ions to Iron (iii) ions √1
Fe2+ + Cl -
- Cations Zn2+ √½
Anion NO3- √½ - 2HCl(aq) + ZnO(s) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(l) √1
- Cations Zn2+ √½
- SiO2 form giant atomic structure √½
SO2 simple molecular structure √½
Giant atomic structure requires strong heating to break √1 - Heat the mixture and collect NH4Cl√½ in a cold surface. Add water √½ to the remaining mixture stir then filter. Obtain filtrate√½ Na2CO3 and residue√½ as CaCO3. Heat filtrate √½in a water bath to saturation and allow it to crystallize. √½
-
- MnO4- = -1
x + -2 (4) = -1 √1
x-8 = -1
x = 7 √1 - MnO-4 √1
Oxidation number of manganese changes from +7 to +2 √1
- MnO4- = -1
-
- Iron (iii) chloride / FeCl3 √1
- 2Fe(s) + 3Cl(g) → 2FeCl3(s) √1
-
- Non metallic √1
Ironic radius is higher than the atomic radius √1 - Y<X<Z<W √1
- Non metallic √1
-
- Mg2+ + 2e- → Mg -2.36 √1
Ag+ + e- → Ag +0.80 √1
Or
Mg(s) / Mg2+(aq) // Ag+(aq) / Ag(s) √1 - Ered - Eox
0.80 v - -2.36 √1
3.16v √1
- Mg2+ + 2e- → Mg -2.36 √1
- It reacts with ammonia to form Ammonium Sulphate √1
-
- N ≡ N = 944
3(H-H) 3x436 = 1308
Total energy required to break bonds
944 + 1308
= 2252 (endotherimic) √1
Bond formation
2x(3x388) = -2328 √1
∆Hr = -2328 + 2252
= -76kJmcl- √1 - Exothermic√½. The heat of reaction is negative √½
- N ≡ N = 944
-
- Propyl ethanoate
- Alcohol - Prupanol
Alkanic acid – Ethanoic acid
- Q = It
= 2 x 4 x 60
= 480 Columbs √1
Cu2+ + 2e− → Cu
Moles of copper deposited
=480 x 1
96500 x 2
=0.002487gm √1
Mass deposited = 0.002487 Mol x 63.5
= 0.1579grams - React excess copper √½ metal with concentrated nitric (v) acid to form Copper (II) nitrate√½ solution.
React the solution obtained above with a soluble carbonate√½
Filter to obtain copper carbonate as the residue. √½
Wash the residue with distilled water and dry it between filter papers. √½ -
- MgO √½ and Mg3N2 √½
-
- 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s) √1
- 3Mg(s) + N2(g) → Mg3N2(s)√1
-
- Different crystalline forms of the same element in the same physical state √1
- In graphite, the fourth electron is delocalized √1 (unbounded) while all the four electrons in diamond are used for bonding√ The delocalized electron is responsible for conductivity
- Moles of MgSO4 X H2O in 500cm3.
0.011M x 500
1000
= 0.0055mol √1
Mole = Mass in gramm/R.F.M
RFM = 1.23/0.0055
= 224 √1
MgSO4. XH2O = (24+32+64+18X) = 224 √½
= 120 +18X = 224
= 18X = 104
X = 6 √½ -
-
a - Alpha particle
b - Gamma rays
c - Beta particles - beta particles are lighter√½ than alpha particles hence more deflected√½
-
-
- Hydrolysis of ethane
- Fuel√½
- Solvent√½
- Beverage
-
- Curve II √1
- Increases the kinetic energy√½ of the reacting particles hence increasing the rate of successful collisions. √½
- Surface area
Catalyst
-
- ∆H2 Enthalpy of formation of Carbon (II) Oxide (∆Hf CO)
∆H3 Enthalpy of combustion of CO
(∆Hc CO) - ∆H1 = ∆H2 + ∆H3
= -110 + -283 √1
= -393kJmol-1 √1
- ∆H2 Enthalpy of formation of Carbon (II) Oxide (∆Hf CO)
- Colourless droplets were formed at the cooler part of the test tube√½
A gas that turns a moist red litmus paper blue was produced√½
NH4SO4, FeSO4. 6H2O is a hydrated√1 salt and ammonium sulphate decomposes to form Ammonia gas √1 - Concentration of KOH = 4/56
= 0.0714M√½
Moles of KOH used=
0.0714 x 25
1000
= 0.001786Mol√½
Mole ratio
2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
2:1√½
Moles of H2SO4 Used =
0.001786
2
= 0.00089 Moles√½
Concentration of H2SO4 =
0.00089 x 1000√½
22
= 0.04√½ -
- It does not form scum with hard water √1
- it causes environmental pollution
Since it is non-biodegradable
-
- It is denser than air√½
It does not burn neither does it support combustion √½ - Refrigeration as dry ice
manufacture of sodium carbonate in Solvay process
Used in preservation of soft drinks
- It is denser than air√½
- Ethanoic acid forms more√1 hydrogen bonds between molecules√1 than ethanol
-
- Alcohol
Tobbaco
Bhang
Miraa
Cocaine
Madrax - Hallucinations
Addiction
Health problems
Family break ups
- Alcohol
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