HISTORY & GOVERNMENT PAPER 2 Marking Scheme - 2019 KCSE Prediction Answers Set 2

Share via Whatsapp

SECTION A

  1. One advantage of archeology as a source of history.
    • It provides information on long buried artifacts and remains.
    • It is used in the absence of written record.
    • It verifies through science pre-historic data.         (1 x 1 = 1mk)
  2. The title of the tools made by the New Stone Age man.
    • Microliths       (1 x 1 = 1mk)
  3. One urban centre that emerged as a result of early agriculture in Egypt.
    • Thebes. 
    • Memphis.     (1x1 = 1mk)
  4. One environmental cause of food shortage in Africa.
    • Frequent drought.                                                                                 
    • Seasonal floods.                          (1 x 1 = 1mk
  5. Two challenges faced by space explorers.
    • Extreme and unfavourable space temperatures.
    • Deadly rays in space which endangers the astronauts lives.
    • Unfavourable environment in space for human life. (2x1 = 2mks)
  6. One use of steel during the industrial revolution.
    • For making of utensils like pans.
    • For making house roofs.
    • Making farm machinery.
    • Construction of railway lines, bridges and cars.
    • Concrete walls were reinforced using steel.        (any 1x1 = 1mk)
  7. One contribution of Robert Koch in the field of medicine.
    • Discovered isolated bacteria that caused anthrax, cholera and tuberculosis.   (1 x 1 = 1mk)
  8. Two factors that enabled West Germany to recover after the Second World War.
    • West Germany still had a high population which provided sufficient labour.
    • Through the Marshall plan, the USA pumped a lot of money into West Germany which assisted her industries.
    • Good leadership in Germany accelerated the industrialization.
    •  German industries were not totally destroyed by the two world wars.
    • Industrial unrest and strikes were not very common in German and therefore industrialization was not interrupted after the two wars.
    • Germany’s re-unification in 1990 has continued to promote industrial development.        (any 2 x 1 = 2mks)
  9. Two factors that led to the growth of Meroe as an urban centre.
    • Iron working knowledge.
    • Had good fertile soils hence agriculture.
    • Was an intersection of many trade routes.       (any 2x1 = 2mks)
  10. Two importance of Odwira festival in the Asante Kingdom.
    • Enables the Omanhene to pay allegiance to the Asantehene.
    • To honour the dead.
    • To settle disputes among themselves.    (any 2x1 = 2mks)
  11. One way in which public opinion in Europe contributed to the colonization of Africa.
    • The public urged their states to go for as many colonies as possible and to appease the public, European states scrambled for as many colonies as possible in Africa. (1mk)
  12. Two forms of African reaction to European colonization.
    • Resistance
    • Collaboration.     (any 1x 1 =1mk)
  13. Two differences between British and French administration.
    • While the British mainly used indirect rule the French adopted the policy of assimilation and later association.
    • While the British allowed traditional rulers to get much powers, the French reduced by undermining African chieftaincy.
    • Under the British colonies were administered separately by the Governor accountable to Britain but the French colonies were regarded as the overseas provinces of France and administered as federation.
    • Under the French, assimilies attained full and equal civil and political rights unlike the British colonies where elites remained subjects.
    • Under the British, indirect rule attempted to preserve African cultures while under the French, assimilation undermined them.
    • The British were keen to appoint the existing traditional rulers as chiefs but the French undermined them by hand picking chiefs from those assimilated.
      (any 2x1 = 2mks)
  14. Two ways in which Mobutu Sese Seko displayed dictatorship in Zaire.
    • African Nationalism.
    • Afrikanner Nationalism    (any 1 x 1 = 1mk
  15. One reason for USA’s entry into the Second World War.
    • Japan’s sudden aerial attack of Pearl Harbour on Hawaii Island, the American great naval base.
    • Japan’s capture of the French Indo-China in order to acquire materials which threatened the British and the Americans.   (1 x 1 = 1mk)
  16. Two reasons why the Manchester Congress of 1945 was unique.
    • Was dominated by Africans.
    • More radical in its demand.
    • Narrowed itself to African’s problems.
    • Attended by trade union representatives.    (any 2x1 = 2mks)
  17. Two ways in which the congress checks the powers of the president in the United States of America / USA.
    • The senate must approve his appointments.
    • Presidents are limited to two four-year terms.
    • The president may be impeached by the congress if his conduct is not satisfactory.
    • Pressure groups also act to check on the president’s power and actions.
    • Public opinions normally measured in terms of opinion polls reflect the wishes and feelings of the American people.
    • The congress may refuse to approve expenditure of money on an issue it disagrees on e.g. war. (any 2x1 = 2mks)

                 SECTION B

  1.  
    1. Three dating methods used by archaeologists.
      • Carbon 14 dating          
      • Potassium argon/Chemical dating
      • Stratigraphy
      • Fission track
      • Lexico statistic
      • Paleomagnetic
      • Geological           (any 3x1 = 3mks)
    2. Explain the way of life of the early man in the upper Paleolithic period.
      • Made and used tools – microlithic
      • Grew food crops and domesticated animals.
      • Hunting and gathering became part-time professions.
      • Developed crafts
      • Developed religious rites.
      • Started barter trade.
      • Emergence of established forms of government.
      • Settled in permanent shelters.
      • Began effective division of labour.   (any 6x2 = 12mks)
  2.  
    1. Five roles played by the Tuaregs in the Trans-Saharan Trade.
      • Acted as guides in the desert.
      • Provided food and water to the caravans.
      • Acted as interpreters between the caravans and West Africans.
      • Acted as middlemen in the trade.
      • Provided security and protection to traders / Guards the traders.
      • Protected the oasis.        (any 5 x 1 = 5mks)
    2. Five challenges faced by Trans-Saharan traders.
      • The caravans were attacked by hostile desert communities who stole their goods thus discouraging them.
      • The caravans were attacked by desert animals / scorpions and snakes.
      • Inter-community wars disrupted their journeys and some lost properties.
      • Some got lost in the deserts because the Tuaregs stopped guiding them.
      • Communication barrier / lack of a communication language hence difficulties in transactions.
      • Extreme desert temperatures i.e. too hot during the day and too cold at night.
      • Loss of lives / death due to dehydration in the desert.
      • Lack of enough food and water across the desert.
      • Some traders suffered sandstorms caused by Harmattan winds buried many traders and camels alive hence killing them.
      • Strong rivalry among traders over the control of the trade.   (any 5x2 = 10mks)     
  3.  
    1. Three European nations that scrambled for West Africa in the 19th Century.
      • Britain
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Germany                      (any 3x1 = 3mks)
    2. Six reasons why Samori Toure was able to resist the French for a long time.
      • He used his wealth to pay and enlist many workers and soldiers in his service.
      • He had built a large strong standing army of 12,000 soldiers supported by a reserve of 90,000 swift moving men which he effectively used.
      • He had his own weaponry manufacturing centre which supplemented imported arms.
      • He was a devout Muslim leader who managed to get support to declare a Jihad against the French infidels.
      • He applied diplomatic tactics to wade off French annexation by approaching the British for arbitration and intervention.
      • He convincingly acquired large arms supply from the British as long as he played them off against the French.
      • He organized successful guerilla attacks on French troops.
      • He employed the scorched earth policy military tactics to devastate French soldiers.
      • His soldiers enjoyed a clear understanding of their area of operation to avoid the French attacks.
      • He enlisted local support for a long time for replenishment of food.       (any 6x2 = 12mks)
  4.  
    1. Five disadvantages of using fire and smoke signals in communication.
      • Hard to start during rainy season.
      • Could only give one meaning.
      • Could not give a private information.
      • Could only cover short distance.
      • Could become useless if no one on the look out.
      • Could not be visible in cloudy or misty weather.        (any 5x1 = 5mks)
    2. Five impacts of modern means of communication.
      • Serves as a medium of public education.
      • Highly enhanced the level of entertainment,
      • Has facilitated space exploration.
      • Has encouraged speedy spread of ideas and information across the world.
      • Has led to destructive warfare like use of military satellites to direct missiles to their targets.
      • May cause noise, pollution e.g. Radio and television.
      • Devices such as computers, radio and TV have an addictive effect on users.
      • Led to erosion and undermining of cultural values.
      • Led to terrorism which threatens peace.
      • Led to transmission of pornographic literature hence moral decay.
      • Enhanced cultural exchange among people / nations.                                                   
      • Diseases such as cancer due to prolonged exposure to cell phones which contain radio-active substances.        (any 5x2 = 10mks)

SECTION C

  1.  
    1. Three causes of Second World War
      • Growth of Nationalism.
      • Economic depression.
      • The Appeasement policy.
      • Weakness of the League of Nations.
      • Emergence of dictators.
      • Alliance system.
      • Rise of Hitler and his ambitions.
      • Results of the Versailles Treaty.         (any 3x1 = 3mks)
    2. Six reasons why the Allies defeated the Axis powers.
      • Allies had many supporters therefore, a large army unlike the Axis.
      • Russian attack on Germany following her rearmament and recovery from her losses.
      • Allies had more superior weapons unlike the Axis powers.
      • Entry of USA on the side of the Allies.
      • Failure of Germany to control her conquered territories effectively giving room for them to support the Allies due to liberation.
      • Axis powers did not have enough raw materials for military purposes.
      • Axis powers made serious military mistakes e.g. Japan only concentrated in producing battleships rather than aircraft carries while Germany failed to prepare adequately for the Russian winter.
      • Hitler’s concentration in manufacturing V-Rockets rather than jet aircrafts.   (any 6x2 = 12mks)
  2.  
    1. Five characteristics of commonwealth member states.
      • Members maintain cultural ties.
      • Have a common language – English.
      • Have similar education system.
      • Members recognize the Queen of England as the head of the Commonwealth.
      • Have a similar military tradition based on the British system.
      • Share common democratic institutions e.g. parliamentary systems.     (any 5x1 = 5mks)
    2. Five challenges facing the commonwealth.
      • Dominance by some nations especially Britain undermines decisions and policy matters.
      • Political instability i.e. in Africa and Asia.
      • Ideological difference – some members are pro-capitalism while others communism.
      • Personality differences e.g. South Africa withdrew her membership when some members rejected her apartheid policy.
      • Nations are more concerned in internal challenges / affairs.
      • Inadequate funds to run its activities.
      • Divided loyalty, some members are also members of other organizations.
      • Withdrawal of some members like South Africa in 1961 and Pakistan 1972.
      • Lack of executive authority to enforce, its decision.
      • Colonial rivalry where the colonizers were fighting for colonies / Neocolonism.
      • Race / colour discrimination e.g. where free movement of members is restricted by new visa rules.   (any 5x2 = 10mks)
  3.  
    1. Three ways in which one can become a member of the House of Lords in Britain.
      • Through appointment by the monarchy.
      • Through hereditary.
      • Appointment by virtue of one’s position in the society.        (any 3x1 = 3mks)
    2. Six functions of the Federal government in USA.
      • Levying and collecting taxes.
      • Payment of government debts.
      • Handles foreign policy.
      • Admitting new states into the union.
      • In charge of the federal postal system.
      • Give grants and monitors the members states.
      • Resolve disputes involving different states.
      • Regulates trade with foreign countries and the states.
      • Making federal laws – establishes federal courts.
      • Common defence of the United States and their general welfare.
      • Raising and supporting armed forces and declares war.   (any 6x2 = 12mks)
Join our whatsapp group for latest updates

Download HISTORY & GOVERNMENT PAPER 2 Marking Scheme - 2019 KCSE Prediction Answers Set 2.


Tap Here to Download for 50/-




Why download?

  • ✔ To read offline at any time.
  • ✔ To Print at your convenience
  • ✔ Share Easily with Friends / Students


Get on WhatsApp Download as PDF
.
Subscribe now

access all the content at an affordable rate
or
Buy any individual paper or notes as a pdf via MPESA
and get it sent to you via WhatsApp

 

What does our community say about us?

Join our community on:

  • easyelimu app
  • Telegram
  • facebook page
  • twitter page
  • Pinterest