SECTION A (25 MARKS)
- Name the branch of history that deals with traditions, values and cultural practices of people. 1mk
- Social history
- Name the only southern Cushites group remaining in Kenya. 1mk
- Dahallo/senge
- Give two age sets among the Nandi in the pre-colonial period. 2mks
- Maina
- Sawe
- Chuma
- Korongoro
- Kipkoimet
- Kiplelach
- Kipnyige
- Nyongi
- Apart from Vasco de gamma, name two other Portuguese generals who conquered the East African Coast. 2mks
- Tristao da cunha
- Ruy Laurence Ravasco
- Francisco d’ Almeida
- Padro Alveres Cabral.
- State the main way through which one qualifies to be a Kenyan citizen by their birth.
- If on the day of birth either the mother or the father of the person was or is a citizen.
- Give one economic factor that promotes national unity in Kenya. 1mk
- Equitable distribution of resources
- Commercial interaction/ trade
- Equal employment opportunities
- Use of common currency
- State two functions of a constitution. 2mks
- Provides legal ground from which the laws of a country are made
- Spells out the powers of the government and its relationship to the governed.
- It spells out the rights and duties of all citizens.
- What is direct or pure democracy? 1mk
- People are involved directly in laws making
- Apart from the Nandi, which other two communities resisted British invasion in Kenya. 2mks
- Agiriama
- Bukusu
- Somali
- Who introduced settler farming in Kenya. 1mk
- Lord Delamere
- Name two nationalists outside central Kenya who were detained at Kapenguria in 1952. 2mks
- Paul Ngei
- Achieng Oneko
- Give the main political challenge that faced Mzee Jomo Kenyatta immediately after independence. 1mk
- Split within K.A.N.U. i.e. disagreed with Jaramogi Oginga Odinga
- Achieng Oneko and Bildada Kagia who broke from KANU and formed Kenya peoples union in 1966.
- State two electoral offences that are applicable to a voter. 2mks
- Voting more than once
- Ceasing violence during campaigns
- Double registration as a votes
- Mention the document in which African socialism as a national philosophy was expounded. 1mk
- Sessional paper number 10 of 1965
- State two ways through which the government has encouraged the preservation of African culture since independence. 2mks
- Creation of the ministry of culture and social services
- The syllabus has been tailored to include cultural studies.
- The government has encouraged music/drama festivals
- Development of cultural heritage center at the bomas of Kenya by the government.
- Allowing the media houses to play traditional music.
- Name two members of the county executive committee. 2mks
- County Governor
- Deputy County Governor
- Members appointed by the county governor with approval of the assembly who are not members of the assembly.
- Give the main function of the commission on revenue allocation in Kenya. 1mk
- To ensure equitable sharing of revenue between national and county government.
SECTION B(45 MARKS)
Answer three questions only from this section.
-
- State five results of the settlement of Luo during pre-colonial period. 5mks
- Displacement of the bantu speakers
- Absorption of some Bantus e.g. abasuba.
- Increase in population
- Intermarriages
- Increased trade
- Adoption of agriculture and iron work
- Increased conflicts
- Cultural exchange of initiation rites
- Development of language(borrowing of new words)
- Increased borrowing of political leadership e.g. chieftainship 5x1=5mks
- Describe the social organization of the Maasai in the 19th 10mks
- The Maasai were divided into clans with each clan associated with a type of cattle
- Maasai boys and girls were initiated at puberty through circumcision
- All boys initiated together formed the warrior class called Morans
- They believed in a supernatural being referred to as Enkai/Engai
- They had religious leaders the chief among them being the Oloibon.
- They had rainmakers and diviners
- They had social ceremonies that accompanied the rites of passage.
- They Eunoto ceremony marked the graduation of junior elders. 5x2=10mks
- State five results of the settlement of Luo during pre-colonial period. 5mks
- State five reasons why the Portuguese built Fort Jesus in 1593. 5mks
- Hiding place/protection
- To act as a watch tower
- Store for food
- Used as an armoury
- Prison for war captives
- Acted as administrative centre
- Acted as a base for sending expeditions against opponents 5x1=5mks
- Explain five results of the coming of Christian missionaries to Kenya. 10mks
- They converted Africans to Christians
- They built schools where Africans were taught how to read and write.
- They built hospitals which helped to improve the health standards of the people
- Introduced new cops and new farming methods.
- Introduced new vocational skills e.g. carpentry and masonry.
- Translated the Bible into local languages
- Drew the map of the interior of the great lake region which inspired many explorers to come to Africa/ opened the interior of Kenya.
- Undermined authority of African leaders
- They wrote the first Kiswahili dictionary and grammar book
- Established settlement for freed slaves
- Helped to improve transport system-connection routes. 5x2=10mks
- State five reasons why the Portuguese built Fort Jesus in 1593. 5mks
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- State three roles of Mekatilili wa Menza in the Agiriama resistance against the British. 3mks
- She encouraged the Agiriama to face the British by administering oaths.
- She presented the grievances of the Agiriama to the British.
- She rallied the people together against a common enemy.
- Her leadership enlightened the roles of women in the struggle for independence. 3x1=3mks
- Explain six effects of the Wanga collaboration against invasion in western Kenya. 12mks
- Wanga kingdom expanded, she gained more kingdoms e.g. Samia, Bunyala etc
- Mumia was declared a paramount in western Kenya.
- Mumias headquarters Elureko became the seat of British administration in western Kenya.
- Mumias warriors became agents of British colonization. They subdued other resisting communities e.g. the Luo of Ugenya and the Nandi.
- Mumias princes became agents of British colonization his half brother Mulunga was appointed chief of Isukha and Idakho.
- Mumia and his people gained material benefits of western education and religion.
- Nabongo became an important ally of the British. He provided them with vital information ever appointment of chiefs.
- Due to the Wanga collaboration there was intensified enemity and hospitality from other abaluty sections who viewed the Wanga as traitors. 6x2=12mks
- State three roles of Mekatilili wa Menza in the Agiriama resistance against the British. 3mks
-
- State five factors that prompted the colonial government to construct the Kenya –Uganda railway. 5mks
- To establish effective control over British East Africa
- To facilitate economic exploitation of the region.
- To facilitate movement of troops and British administrators.
- To stop slave trade and establish legitimate trade
- To link Uganda with the Coast and outside world for greater economic growth. 5x1=5mks
- Explain five factors that intensified African Nationalism in Kenya after 1945. 10mks
- Acquisition of education by the African enabled them to articulate their grievances
- World war II –the ex soldiers made Africans to doubt the myth of British supremacy
- Granting of independence to India and Pakistan in 1947 made Africans in Kenya to clamor for their independence.
- Rise of Pan-Africanism contributed to new demands for political independence.
- Emergence of USA and USSR as super powers the two compiled the Britain to give independence to African countries.
- The signing of the Atlantic charter in 1941 stated that all subjects should enjoy the right to self determination.
- Formation of united nations-asked Europeans to decolonize.
- Change of government in Britain from conservative to labour. The labour government was willing to grant independence to African nations. 5x2=10mks
- State five factors that prompted the colonial government to construct the Kenya –Uganda railway. 5mks
SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer two questions only from this section.
-
- Give three ways in which education promotes national unity in Kenya. 3mks
- Same curriculum is offered in the whole country
- In national schools, students from various parts of the country school together.
- Teachers and equipments are provided by the same government.
- Participation in games and sports by students from all over the country. 3x1=3mks
- Explain six factors that undermine National unity in Kenya. 12mks
- Tribalism
- Nepotism
- Political wrangles
- Party membership
- Corruption
- Racism
- Religious conflicts
- Poverty
- Ignorance
- Unequal distribution of resources. 6x2=12mks
- Give three ways in which education promotes national unity in Kenya. 3mks
-
- State five characteristics of a good constitution 5mks
- Definite –Must define its contents clearly
- Comprehensive – Should be inclusive of all issues
- Durable and elastic- Neither two rigid to amend/change to flexible to encourage interference.
- Should be able to protect the fundamental rights and freedom of the citizens.
- Amendment procedures should be clearly stated.
- It must be representative of the diversity of social and political spectrum of the people. 5x1=5mks
- Explain five reasons why human rights are important in Kenya. 10mks
- Human rights are necessary for human beings to achieve a dignified life.
- Rights are inherent to human beings. One has rights purely because they are human.
- Rights e.g. rights to vote, information and expression ensure public access to necessary information.
- Rights empower citizens by giving them central on decision making organs of the government.
- They justify special treatment of the minorities and other disadvantaged groups.
- Provide guidance to organs of the state regarding exercise of state power.
- Respect for rights limits internal and external conflicts. 5x2=10mks
- State five characteristics of a good constitution 5mks
-
- State three ways in which the High court supervises the work of the subordinate courts.3mks
- Judges of the High court scrutinizes the monthly returns of cases in subordinate courts.
- Ensures justice is done through appeals, revision or confirmation of sentences/authority to call for records.
- It transfers or relocates sentences
- Supervises criminal and civil proceedings before subordinate court. 3x1=3mks
- Explain six functions of the cabinet in Kenya. 12mks
- Assists the president in governing the country
- Discusses matters of national and international concerns with the president
- The cabinet formulates government policies and programmes
- Cabinet initiates new bills and tables government bills in parliament.
- A cabinet secretary for finance formulates and prepares national budget which he/she presents to the National Assembly.
- Cabinet secretaries on their individual capacity give direction to operations within their ministries. 6x2=12mks
- State three ways in which the High court supervises the work of the subordinate courts.3mks
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