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BIOLOGY PAPER 1 Marking Scheme - 2019 KCSE Prediction Answers Set 1

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  1.  
    1. iodine solution;
    2. Benedicts solution;
    3. DCPIP;
  1.  
    1. photosynthesis;
    2. Respiration;
    3. Protein synthesis;
  1. Total mg = eye piece magnification X objective lens magnification;
    400  = 40 × x;
    400/40 = x;
    10 = x
    Eye magnification is ×10;
  1.  
    1. Prevents collapsing of trachea;
    2. Traps dust / bacteria;
    3. Propels solid particles/dust towards pharynx;
  1.  
    1. Using an organism to control other organisms;
    2. Because energy is lost between trophic levels; due to respiration; /excretion/urination; and defaecation;
    3. Some remains locked up indead bodies;
  1.  
    • Cohesion and adhesion;                                           
    • Transpiration pull;
    • Capillarity;                                                     
    • Root pressure;
      Rej cohesion, adhesion alone any 3x1 = 3 marks
  1.  
    1. Oxyhaemoglobin;
    2. (Weak) carbonic acid/carbaminohaemoglobin/hydrosa carbonate;   acc bicarbonate ions HCO -3
    3. Carboxyhaemoglobin.
  1.  
    1. bacteria;
    2.  
      • transmits diseases;
      • used in fermentation of milk;
      • add nitrogen to the soil through nitrogen fixation; e.g. Rhizobium
      • Help in decay hence circulate nutrients;
        Mark first three 3 x1 = 3 marks
    3. Nucleus /organelles are not membrane bound;

  1.  
    • Lignified walls to prevent it from collapsing;
    • Narrow to facilitate upward movement of water by capillary action;
    • No cross walls to facilitate formation of continuous water column;
    • Have bordered pits for lateral movements of water;
      Mark first three 3x1= 3 marks
  1. To increase oxygen supply; to tissues which oxidizes lactic acid; (Lactic acid is poisonous and must be removed)
  1.  
    1.  
      • Maintaining proper personal hygiene
      • Boiling /treating water;
      • Depositing stools in deep latrine;
      • Treating sewage;                                  mark any 2
    2. Clearing bushes; sleeping under mosquito nets; draining stagnant water; rearing fish in fish ponds; use of mosquito repellant jells/mosquito coil/insecticides; mark any 2
  1.  
    • (Chitinous) exoskeleton;
    • segmented bodies;
    • jointed appendages mark first three
  1.  
    1. Glucose; Starch1 mark
    2. Traps light; used in photolysis/to break water into oxygen gas and hydrogen ions;      (2 marks)
  1.  
    1. Protandry; OWTTE
    2.  
      1. Protogyny;
      2. Heterostyly                  mark first 3    
  1.  
    • manufacture of alcohol/wines/beer;
    • baking;
    • Fermentation of milk;
    • Manufacture of Ethanoic acid/vinegar;
    • Treatment of sewage;                                      mark fist three
  1. To increase surface area; for attachment of respiratory enzymes;
  1. For storage of carbohydrates/glycogen;Rej glucose, detoxification; Deamination of excess amino acids;
  2.  
    1. Glucose
    2. Gland - Pancrease;
      Hormone – Insulin;
    3. Diabetes mellitus; Rej diabetes inspidus and diabetes alone
  1. Procreation; Improves the quality of a species;
  1.  
    1. Desert /semi - desert/arid areas /semi arid areas;
    2. Fresh water;
    3. Marine /salty water;
  1.  
    1. Have cusps; are ridged with flat surface; increased surface area; for chewing food; mark any two
    2. Dental carries; gingivitis; pyorrhea;      mark first two
  1.  
    • has a long tail that aids in locomotion;
    • Middle piece has many mitochondria to generate energy (for locomotion)
    • Acrosome has lytic enzymes to dissolve ovum wall for penetration of sperm;
    • Large nucleus preserves genetic material; mark any three
  1.  
    1. K is smooth while L is rough;
    2. K – wind; L – Insect;
  1. Water vapour accumulates in the depression of stomata; lowering water vapour concentration gradient ;( leading to reduced rate of transpiration)
  1.  
    1. Mammalia; Rej mammal
    2. Insecta;         Rej insect/ insector
    3. Arachnida;     Rej arachnid                         Rej wrong spelling for all
  1.  
    1. synapsis /pairing of homologous chromosomes;
    2. crossing over ;hence variation in offspring;
  1. Salt exerts osmotic pressure on the cells of grass; Water is drawn from the cells by osmosis; the cells loose turgidity/become flaccid; further water loss dehydrates cells ;( hence kills the plant) 4 marks max 3 marks.
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Read 17518 times Last modified on Tuesday, 21 May 2019 07:40

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