Questions
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
- This paper consists of three section A, B and C
- Answer all the questions in section A and B
- Answer any two questions in section C.
SECTION A. (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- State four maintenance practices of a forked jembe. (2mks)
- Fill in the origin for the breeds of livestock shown in the table below. (2mks)
Livestock breed Origin Friesian cattle Aberdeen Angus cattle Large white pig Boer goat - State the importance of keeping livestock healthy. (2mks)
- Give the functional difference between a pruning knife and a pruning saw. (1mk)
- Name any two dual purpose breeds of sheep. (1mk)
- List any four pre-disposing factors of livestock diseases. (2mks)
- Differentiate between the terms breed and type of animal. (1mk)
- Give the factors that determine the amount of water taken by an animal. (3mks)
- List any four causes of livestock diseases. (2mks)
- Give the reasons for breeding in livestock. (2mks)
- List the materials used in making walls of farm buildings. (2mks)
- What is the meaning of the term immunity as used in livestock health. (1mk)
- State the measures that prevent egg eating in poultry. (2mks)
- State the signs of heat in pigs. (3mks)
- Give one use of a screen in a fish pond. (1mk)
- State two methods of service in livestock. (1mk)
- Give the advantages of wall fence. (1mk)
- List the factors considered in sorting and grading eggs for market. (1mk)
SECTION B. (20 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- The diagram X and Y below show the hooves of sheep
- Which one of the two hooves would be more susceptible to foot-rot disease. (1mk)
- What routine management practice is required on the hoof to control foot rot? (1mk)
- State four symptoms of hoof rot. (2mks)
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- The illustrations below labeled V, W, and X show three different ways some hens were debeaked.
- Which hen was correctly debeaked? (1mk)
- State two reasons for your choice in (i) above. (1mk)
- Name any two tools which would be used for debeaking. (2mks)
- The illustrations below labeled V, W, and X show three different ways some hens were debeaked.
- Below are diagrams illustrating the behaviour of chicks in various brooders. Study the diagrams and answer the questions that follow:
- State the environmental problem in each brooder as illustrated by the behaviour of the chicks. (3mks)
- State one way of solving the problem in B. (1mk)
- Below is a diagram of a male goat.
- What operation is carried out on the part labeled F. (1mk)
- Why is it necessary to carry out the operation. (2mks)
- Give any two suitable methods of carrying out the operation in (a) above. (1mk)
- Below is a diagram of a two-stroke engine cylinder.
- Name any one farm machine where the above engine is used. (1mk)
- Identify the parts labeled M, L, and N. (3mks)
SECTION C (40 MARKS)
Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 26.
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- Describe the feeding management of broiler chicks from one day old to slaughtering. (10mks)
- Describe the routine management practices in dairy calves. (6mks)
- Describe the factors that affect milk composition. (4mks)
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- Describe a blue tick (Boophilus decolaratus) under the following sub-headings.
- Diseases transmitted. (2mks)
- Preferred site of attachment. (3mks)
- Non-chemical control measures. (5mks)
- Discuss mastitis disease under the following sub-headings:
- Predisposing factors. (5mks)
- Control and treatment. (5mks)
- Describe a blue tick (Boophilus decolaratus) under the following sub-headings.
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- Describe the functions of each of the following parts of a plunge dip. (7mks)
- Foot bath
- Entrance race
- Roof
- Drainage race
- Jump
- Dip tank
- Exit steps.
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- Describe the disadvantages of animal power. (5mks)
- State the advantages of four-strokes engine over two stroke engines. (3mks)
- Describe the factors that influence the amount of concentrate a lactating animal would be given. (5mks)
- Describe the functions of each of the following parts of a plunge dip. (7mks)
Marking Scheme
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- Clean after use
- Straighten bent pongs.
- Tighten loose handle.
- Replace broken handle. 4x ½ =2mks
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- Fresian – Holland
- Aberdeen Angus – Scotland.
- Large white – Britain
- Boer Goat – South Africa. 4x ½ =2mks
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- Healthy animals grow well and fast.
- Healthy animals have long productive life.
- Healthy animals give maximum production.
- Healthy animals produce high quality products.
- Animals will not spread diseases. Any 4x ½ =2mks
- Pruning knife is used in pruning tea while pruning saw is used to cut stems and hard branches.
(mark as a whole) -
- Romney mash
- Corriedale
- Hampshire down. Any 2x ½ =1mk
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- Species of animals
- Breed of animal
- Age of animal
- Size of animal
- Colour of animal any 4x ½ =2mks
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- Breed – is a group of animals having the same characteristics.
- Type indicate the purpose for which the animal is kept. (mark as a whole)
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- Level of production/amount of work.
- Type of food eaten by the animal.
- Body size.
- Ambient temperature.
- Species of the animal.
- Breed of animal. 6x ½ =3mks
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- Nutritional causes
- Physical causes
- Chemical causes
- Living organisms. 4x ½ =2mks
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- Expound inherited potential
- Introduce new genes.
- Overcome production problems caused by environment.
- Satisfy consumers’ taste
- For economic reasons. 4x ½ =2mks
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- Cement
- Sand
- Bricks/stones/blocks/mud
- Timber
- Steel bars. Any 4x ½ =2mks
- Ability of an animal to resist the infection of a disease. 1mk
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- Collect eggs regularly and frequently.
- Make nests dark
- Feed balanced diet.
- Debeak perpetual egg eaters.
- Supply green leaves to keep birds busy. Any 4x ½ =2mks
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- Restlessness
- Frequent urination.
- Swelling and reddening of vulva.
- Slimy mucus discharge from vulva.
- Responds positively to riding test.
- Frequent mounting others. 6x ½ =3mks
- Prevent unwanted species of fish from entering the pond/prevent fish from escaping into the river.
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- Natural mating
- Artificial Insemination.
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- Very effective in controlling movement of animals and trespassers.
- It is durable.
- Improves privacy. Any 2x ½ =1mk
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- Cleanliness
- Size
- Candling quality
- Colour any 2x ½ =1mk
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- X 1mk
- hoof trimming 1x1=1mk
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- Swollen foot
- Pus and rotten smell from hooves.
- Sheep kneeling while grazing. Any 2x 1 =2mks
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- V 1x1=1mk
- Upper beak is used to fight while lower beak is for eating and taking water.1x1=1mk
- debeaker
scalpel/knife 2x1=2mks
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- - low heat
- - too hot brooder condition
- - draught 3x1=3mks
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- Reducing the number of heat sources.
- Lowering the wick if interns are used.
- Use low voltage bulbs Any 1x1=1mk
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- Castration
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- Improve quality of meat.
- To make bulls docile.
- Improves growth rate. Any 2x1=2mks
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- Use of a Burdizzo.
- Use of a rubber ring 2x ½ = 1mk
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- Mowers
- Chain saw
- Water pump 1x1=1mk
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- L - piston rod
- M - spark plug
- N - exhaust port
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- From one day old to four weeks feed on broiler starter mash or crumbs.
- From four weeks feed on broiler follow on mash or pellets.
- From 8 weeks to slaughter feed on finisher pellets.
- Provide enough feed.
- Provide plenty of clean water.
- Newspapers should be spread on the floor of brooder to prevent chicks feeding on litter.
- Some feed should be placed on newspapers and others on feeders.
- When chicks learn where to feed from newspapers should be removed.
- The feed should be kept as clean and fresh as possible.
- Grit should be introduced in to help in digestion.
- Provide glucose/agricultural trickle to weak chicks at arrival. Any 10x1=10mks
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- Calves should be sprayed against external parasites using appropriate chemicals.
- Calves should be drenched regularly to control internal parasites.
- Vaccinate calves as recommended to control diseases.
- Male calves not required for breeding should be castrated at two to three months old age.
- Calves should be identified at appropriate age for record keeping.
- Remove extra teats from female calves.
- Dehorning/disbudding be carried out. Any 6x1=6mks
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- Age of the animal.
- Physiological condition of the animal.
- Stage of lactation.
- Breed differences.
- Completeness of milking. Any 4x1=4mks
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- Red water/babesiosis.
- Anaplasmosis/gull sickness. 2x1=2mks
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- face
- neck
- base of horns
- tail brush
- dewlap
- ears
- eyes any 3x1=3mks
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- Double fencing
- Hand picking and crushing.
- Controlled grazing/rotational grazing.
- Burning infested pastures.
- Cultivation of infested pastures
- Predator birds. Any 5x1=5mks
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- Age
- Stage of lactation period.
- Udder attachment.
- Incomplete milking.
- Mechanical injury.
- Poor sanitation.
- Poor milking technique. Any 5x1=5mks
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- Empty affected quarter of udder and instill antibiotics.
- After milking, use teat dip on every quarter.
- Use right milking technique
- Observe strict cleanliness.
- Use dry cow therapy
- Use strip cup to detect infection.
- Use separate udder cloths for each animal. Any 5x1=5mks
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- Foot bath - removing mud from hooves of animals.
- Entrance race – leads animals in a single file to the dip plunge.
- Roof – prevents dilution and evaporation of dip wash.
- Drainage race – animals are held to allow excess dip wash to drip back to the dip tank.
- Jump – facilitates the animal to jump into the dip tank.
- Dip tank – holds the dip wash.
- Exit steps – facilitates the animal to climp out of the dip tank. 7x1=7mks
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- Tires with time.
- Output is low.
- Animals can destroy crops while working.
- Extra land required for their pastures.
- Requires training.
- Health can be limiting factor. Any 5x1=5mks
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- Produce high power for heavy duties
- Efficient in fuel and oil utilization.
- Perform wide range of farm operations. 3x1=3mks
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- The milk production level.
- Nutritive value of the concentrate.
- The returns made from production.
- The quantity of pasture eaten.
- The quality of the pastures eaten.
- Cost of concentrate.
- The size of the animal. Any 5x1=5mks
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