AGRICULTURE PAPER 1 Marking Scheme - 2017 KITUI MOCK EXAMINATION

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Marking Scheme

SECTION A

  1.  
    • Broadcasting
    • Placement method
    • Side dressing / top dressing / band application / ring application;
    • Foliar spraying
    • Drip application in drip lines;
    • Fertigation      (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Pollinators
    • Decomposers;
    • Friendly predators;
    • Nitrogen fixing bacteria (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Crop production;
    • Livestock production;
    • Soil science;
    • Agricultural economic;
    • Agricultural engineering;   (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Has no land disputes;
    • Labour is well used;
    • Profit accrued is well distributed among the members;
    • Mechanization is well effected        (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Reduces soil erosion;
    • Conserves water;
    • Suppresses weeds growth;
    • Improves soil structure upon decomposition;
    • Adds fertility to the soil upon decomposition. (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Where  land is abundant;
    • Where the population is sparse;
    • Where the livestock per unit area is low;
    • Where land is communally owned, (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  2.  
    • Loss of plant nutrients;
    • Loss of soil microorganisms;
    • Reduction of soil depth;
    • Siltation of dams and rivers;
    • Permanent scars on the landscape;
    • Tourist attraction sites created (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Warm  temperature;
    • High relative humidity;
    • High light intensity for soft wood cuttings;
    • Oxygen;         
    • Supply / aeration;
    • Chemical treatment with rooting hormones IAA/IBA /NAA;
    • More leaf area for soft wood cuttings; (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  2.  
    • Date;
    • Amount sold;
    • Price per unit;
    • Total amount;
    • Where sold; (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Joint products;
    • Competitive products;
    • Supplementary products;
    • Complementary products; (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Date; 
    • Particulars;
    • Folio;
    • Credit;
    • Debit; (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Improves yield the following season
    • Discourages bud disease occurring; (½ x 2 = 1 mark)
  2.  
    • Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
    • Gross National Income / Product (GNI/GNP)
    • Per Capital Income (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Leaf curling;
    • Mosaic;
    • Malformation / distortion / leaf chlorosis;
    • Rosetting / short internodes (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Improve soil aeration;
    • Improve soil volume;
    • Raise soil temperature;
    • Increase Microorganisms population;
    • Reduce soil erosion;
    • Remove toxicity. (2 marks)
  1.  
    • Remove unpalatable stemmy fibrous material;
    • Stimulate fresh growth of pasture (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
  1.  
    • Durable.
    • High pressure tolerance
    • Resistant to rodent damage (½ x 4 = 2 marks)

SECTION B

  1.   
    1. J – Double thorn/Oxygonumsinuatum
      K – Nut grass/sedge/Cyprus rotundas (½ x 4 = 2 marks)
    2. Has underground nuts that are used for propagation (1 mark)
    3.  
      • Reduces the efficiency of workers in the field due to the sharp thorns that inflict injuries.
      • Competes for nutrients with the desired crops (1 mark)
    4.  
      • Extensive rooting system;
      • Survive where there are limited nutrients;
      • Have short life cycles (1 mark)
  1.  
    1. Method of compost making
      •  Indore method      (1 mark)
    2. Factors to consider when siting the structure
      • Well drained place
      • Direction of prevailing wind
      • Size of the farm
      • Accessibility
      • Topography (4 x ½ =2 marks)
    3. Function of the following materials in preparation of compost manure
      1. Top soil (1 mark)
        • Introduces microorganism necessary for decomposition of organic material.
      2. Wood ash
        • Improve level of phosphorous and potassium in resulting manure
  1.  
    1. A -     Maize weevil  
      B   -     Squirrel (1 mark)

    2. A -     Dry grain in store/dry grains/stored grain    
      B   -    Seeding stage / grains at planting time (2 marks)        
    3.  
      A
       
      • Timely harvesting
      • Use of resistant varieties 

      B
      • Trapping, killing, use of scare crows
      • Rodenticide (2 marks)
  2.  
    1. Stem tuber (1 mark)
    2. Chitting (1 mark)
    3.  
      • fast establishment
      • True to type          
      • Cheap/faster (3 marks)

SECTION C

  1.  
    1. Selection and preparation of planting material (3marks)
      • Dry the seeds before planting
      • Select the seeds discarding damaged and wrinkled one
      • Dress with an appropriate pesticide to control soil borne pests.
      • Inoculate the seeds with the right strain of rhizobium spps
        Planting (4 marks)
      • Done at the onset of the rains
      • Plant 2-3 seeds per hole
      • Space at 30 – 45 cm x 15 cm
      • Use D.A .P 200 kgms per hectare on the furrows before planting
      • Use a seed rate of 50 – 60 kgms per hectare
        Weeding (3 marks)
      • Done shallowly;
      • Done before flowering to avoid knocking flowers;
      • Done when the field is dry to avoid spreading diseases
      • Done preferably by hand weeding,
    2. Environmental conditions that may lead to low crop yields (10 marks)
      • Less rainfall/unreliable/too much rainfall.
      • Inappropriate temperature either too low or too high.
      • Extreme humidity is bad;
      • Topography/some altitudes may limit crop growth
      • Extreme light intensity reduces photosynthesis.
      • Hailstones damage crop leaves/cause defoliation.
      • Poor weed control lowers crop yields.
      • Poor soil fertility leads to poor yields.
      • Excessive wind leads to soil erosion and Evapotranspiration.
      • Water logging and leaching of nutrients leads to inappropriate soil pH
      • Attack by crop pests lowers yields.
      • Attack by crop diseases lowers yields
  1.  
    1.  
      • Deep rooted crops alternative shallow  rooted
      • Nutrient requirement – heavy feeders should come first in a rotation
      • Weed control – corps associated with  certain weds should be alternated with those that are not
      • Pests and diseases control – crops form the same family should not follow each other in a rotation since thy are attacked by same pests
      • Soil fertility – a legume should be included in a rotation to improve soil fertility by nitrogen fixation
      • Soil structure – Grassley should be introduced in a rotation         
      • Crops easy to weed should be alternated by those difficult to weed (6 marks)
    2.  Factors influencing the type of irrigation
      • Nature of land/topography
      • Type of soil
      • Availability/amount of water used
      • Type of crop to be irrigated
      • Distance of the water source form field
      • Technology available
      • Cost of the system to be sued
      • Climate of the area
      • Availability of skilled human power
    3. Post-harvesting practices in maize
      • Shelling – removing / threshing grains from the cobs
      • Drying – to acquire right moisture content for shortage
      • Winnowing – to remove chaff
      • Dusting – applying chemical powder on seed to control storage pest
      • Processing into final product for packaging
      • Grading/sorting –separate bad ones form good seeds (6 x 1 = 6 marks)
  1.  
    1. Advantages of budgeting in farming
      • It helps the farmer indecision making
      • It enables the farmer to protect future returns so as to plan ahea
      • It helps the farmers to avoid incurring losses by investing in less profitable enterprises
      • It enables farmer to secure loans form financial institution
      • It ensures a periodic analysis of the farm business
      • It acts as a record which can be used for future reference
      • It pinpoints efficiency or weakness farm operations  
    2. Types of risks and uncertainties.
      • Fluctuation of commodity prices.
      • Physical yield uncertainty - dues not known how much to expect.
      • Ownership uncertainty - The farmer loses part or whole of the produce through theft, fire or death.
      • Outbreak of pests and diseases.
      • Sickness and injury uncertainty.
      • New production technique and uncertainty.
      • Obsolescence - A farmer may invest in machinery which may become outdated (Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks)
    3. Importance of pruning perennial crops e.g. Tea, coffee.
      • To regulate quantity and quality of fruits or flowers
      • In tea pruning is done to stop the upwards  growth of the plant to allow the sideways growth hence making plucking of the leaves easy
      • To remove all branches broken, dead or diseased.
      • To permit air circulation and secure more light for most parts of crop.
      • To remove branches and fruits that rub  against each other.
      • To make certain field operations easier and effective e.g. spraying (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
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