AGRICULTURE PAPER 1 Marking Scheme - 2017 MURANG'A MOCK EXAMINATION

SECTION A (30 MARKS)

1.  
   1. Production of fruits.       (1x1=1mk)
   2. Rearing livestock and growing crops on  the  same piece of land of the same time.        (1x1=1mk)

2.  
   • Leaching
   • Volatilization

3. Factors that affect
   1. Seed purity;-  If purity as low a higher seed rate is used.
   2. Wider spacing results to a lower seed rate                        (1x1=1mk)

4.  
   • Make store vermin proof/ use of rat guards
   • Cleaning the store
   • Cleaning bushes around the store
   • Timely harvesting
   • Store grains that are free from pests
   • Dry maize to the correct moisture                   (4x ½ = 2mks)

5. A indication of the amount of each nutrient contained in a fertilizer.       (1x1=1mk)
6.  
   • Great incentive to farmer to conserve, improve and farm the land
   • Land title deed can be used to secure loans
   • Incentive to farmer for long term investment in the land
   • Owner can sell/give away put / whole land                (4x ½ = 2mks)

7.  
   • Reduce impact of rain drops to control splash erosion
   • Reduce speed of surface run-off hence its erosive power
   • Wind break to reduce wind erosion
   • Roots bind soil particles together reducing the soils erodibility
   • Organic matters from leaves decay improves soil structure reducing soils erodibility
   • Leaves provide mulching materials that intercept rain drops controlling splash erosion. (Any 4x ½ = 2mks)

8.  
   • Mode of feeding
   • Type of crop/clop attacked
   • Stage of growth of crop attacked
   • Scientific classification
   • Mode of feeding

9.  
   • Date of delivery
   • Quality and type of goods delivered
   • Delivery method
   • Name/ signature of recipient of goods
   • Name and signature of the person who delivers the goods
   • Condition in which the goods were  received
   • Delivery note serial number

10.  
    • Environmental friendly/ no pollution
    • It is sustainable/ conserves soil
    • It is easy to carry out
    • The produce fetch higher prices in the market
    • Materials used are easily available/cheap
    • Produce healthy products.

11.  
    • Destroy organic matter/humus
    • Destroys soil structure
    • Kills useful soil organisms
    • Exposes nutrients imbalance/loss of volatile nutrients
    • Accumulation of some nutrients to toxic levels
    • Destroys soil water/loss of soil moisture

12.  
    • Durability
    • Strength /ability to withstand pressure/thickness
    • Diameter/size of the pipe
    • Workability /monoeuvability of the pipe
    • Colour of the pipe                                           (4x ½ = 2mks)

13.  
    • Allows time for organic matter to decompose and form humus
    • Facilitates timely for weeds to die/be dehydrated
    • Allows weathering of soil clods before subsequent operations
    • Minimizes competition for labour
    • Allows pests and diseases causing organisms to starve and die
    • Allows soil aeration/gaseous exchange
    • Allows water infiltration                                 (3x ½ = 1 ½ mks)

14.  
    • Pests
    • Decomposers
    • Pathogens
    • Nitrogen fixing bacteria
    • Pollination
    • Predictors                                (4x ½ = 2mks)

15.  
    • Field management practices can be mechanized
    • Easy to establish plant population
    • Lower seed rate than broad casting
    • Facilitates cultural practices/easy to carry out practices like spraying (accept specific practices
    • Ensure proper spacing
    • Ensure uniform germination of seeds.

16. To make the seed to germinate                 (1x1 = 1mk)
17.  
    • Allow adequate light penetration into the plant
    • Improve quality of the fruits
    • Reduce incidence of pests and disease attack
    • Enable effective use of chemical spray/chemical penetration into the bush
    • Facilitate easy harvesting                    (4x ½ = 2mks)

18.  
    • Is the point in a production process where the highest net revenue/return on invested capital is realized
      or
    • When the difference between total revenue and total cost is highest/ where profit is highest/ where MR = MC.                 (1x1=1mk)     (mark as a whole)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

19.  
    1.  
       Partial Budget
       

       Debit     (-)	Credit        (+)     ½
       Extra costs	Cost saved
       Fertilizers for potatoes Ksh 6,000x3 = Ksh 18,000   ½ Potato seeds Ksh 3,000x3 = Ksh 9,000    ½ Extra Revenue Maize sales = Ksh 90,000  ½	Fertilizer for maize Ksh 4,000 x3 =ksh 12,000    ½ Maize seeds Ksh 1,200 x 3 = Ksh 3.600    ½ Extra Potatoes Potato Sales = Ksh 120,000    ½
       TOTAL    117,000	TOTAL   135,600    ½

       Both totals correct ½ x1 = ½ mk
       Debit (-)  and credit (+) = ½ x1 = ½ mk
    2. Advice:- proposed change is worthwhile because the farmer will get a profit e.g. Ksh 18,600 (135,600 – 117,000)

20.  
    1. Tissue culture               (1x1 =1mk)
    2. Culture medium/growth medium/nutrients medium                     (1x1 =1mk)
    3.  
       • Mass production of planting materials
       • Production of healthy planting materials
       • Requires less space compared to conventional methods of vegetable propagation
       • Production of high yielding crop varieties
       • Seedlings retain the desirable genetic traits of mother plant
       • Production of early maturing crop varieties.               (Any 3x1 = 3mks)

21.  
    1.  
       • A₁ -  root stock
       • A₂   - Scion   (2x1 =2mks)   
    2.  
       • A₃ - Grafting
       • B - (Trench) layering     (2x1 =2mks)
    3.  
       • Mangoes
       • Oranges
       • Avocadoes       (1x1 =1mk)

22.  
    1. To compare porosity /drainage and infiltration/ water holding capacity of different soils.                (1x1 = 1mk)
    2.  
       • A – Sandy soil)
       • B – Loamy soil            (2x1=2mks)
    3. Improve soil structure of soil sample C
       • Adding organic matter/manure
       • Liming
       • Sub soiling
       • Draining away excess water               (2x 1 =2mks)

SECTION   C (40 MARKS)

23.  
    1. Activities that may encourage soil erosion
       • Over cultivation of land to fine hith /over pulverization
       • Continuous cropping without giving the land a rest
       • Burning of vegetation
       • Farming on step land/ploughing along the slope
       • Deforestation
       • Ploughing along river banks
       • Cultivating when the soil is very dry and wet
       • Over grazing/over stocking
       • Over flooding/ application of large amount of water at a high rate  (Any 8x1=8mks)
    2.  
       1. How ill health (HIV & AIDS) limits agriculture production
          • Shortage of labour
          • Lack of motivation to invest in agriculture
          • Increased cost of living leading to low investment in agriculture
          • Government and NGOs are spending a lot of time and resources controlling the disease instead of investing in agriculture.
          • Low food supply and poverty leads to increases crimes.             (4x1 =4mks)
       2. How Government policy improves agriculture
          • Impose laws to regulate production and sale of agricultural produce to ensure sustainability.
          • Providing subsides on agricultural inputs and market agricultural products
          • Construction of bulky handling and storage facilities for agricultural products.
          • Funding/carry out research into new and improved agricultural productin technologies
          • Facilitates conservation of soil and water
          • Ensures control of parasites/diseases/weed is done effectively
          • Provision of extension services.                      Any (4x4 =4mks)
       3. Low level of education and technology
          • Improper timing of routine practices
          • Lack of agricultural skills
          • Inappropriate decision making eg disease observations
          • Delayed adoption of new and improved production technologies
          • Lack of knowledge to apply correct type and amount
          • Inability to collect market information.                (Any  4x1=4mks)

24.  
    1. Quality of hay.
       • State of growth at harvesting time
       • Species of the forage crop used
       • Duration of storage
       • Soil fertility where the crop was grown
       • Weather conditions during dry
       • Length of drying period
       • Pests/disease attack on the crop
       • Method of storage.                             (4x1 = 4mks)
    2. Roles of a farm manager
       • Short term planning-quick decisions to avoid losses when there is an urgent activity
       • Long term planning -  studies  and makes decisions on future plans and operations on the farm
       • Information gathering – collects  information relevant to the farm  enterprises
       • Budgeting -  estimates future income and expenditure as proposed in the farm plan
       • Companying  standards of the farm/enterprises with the set standards and making appropriate adjustment
       • Detect weaknesses and constraints and find ways of overcoming them
       • Keeps up to date records and uses them in daily running of the farm.
       • Implements farm decisions
       • Guides and supervises implementation of the farm plan
       • Compares performance of the farm with those of similar farms.
       • Makes predictions of the farm business
       • Is the accounting officer on all financial transactions of the farm
       • Takes responsibilities for decisions made
       • Bearing risks                                                   (Any 10x1 = 10 mks)
    3.  
       • Leaves are picked selectively for the highest quality
       • Pluck top 2 leaves and the bud for fine plucking/3 leaves and bud for coarse plucking
       • Use a plucking at 5-7 days interval in rains/ 10-14 day in dry /cold period
       • Put plucked leaves in woven baskets to facilitate air circulation/prevent fermentation
       • Do not compress the leaves in this baskets to prevent heating up/blowing
       • Put plucked tea in cool and shaded plane
       • Deliver to the factory on the same day (Any 6x1 = 6mks)
25.  
    1.  
       • Crop rotation- breaks life cycle of pasturages.
       • Rogueing/ destroying infected crops- prevents further spread.
       • Close season-breaks life cycle of patrogens/ disease vectors.
       • Early planting/ timely planting – Enable crop to establish faster before attack.
       • Pruning - crates unfavorable micro-climate for some pathogens to survive.
       • Proper spacing - minimizes disease spread in some crops.
       • Planting disease free / clean planting materials/ certified seeds prevents introduction   of pathogens into field.
       • Use of resistant varieties – they have natural disease resistant ability.
       • Proper plant nutrition – prevents deficiency diseases/ enables establishment of vigorously growing crops that resist disease attack.
       • Proper seed bed preparation – exposes pathogens to unfavorable conditions/sun heat that kill them.
       • Heat treatment of planting materials – kill pathogens.
       • Proper drying of cereals – prevents of aflatoxins attack.
    2.  
       • Self savings.
       • Credit facilitates/loan.
       • Grants/donations.
       • Inheritance.                           (4x1 = 4mks)
    3.  
       1.  
          • Prevents rotting of grains.
          • Prevents attack by strong pests/ weevils.
          • Prevents germination/sprouting of grains.                (Any 2x1 = 2mks)
       2.  
          • Clean the store thoroughly / properly to remove elirt/ previous crop residues that may harbor pests.
          • Repair/ replace broken parts to avoid loss of grains.
          • Dust with appropriate chemicals to control storage pests.
          • Clear vegetation around the store to keep off vermin/rats.       (4x 1 =4mks)