HISTORY PAPER 2 - 2019 LANJET JOINT MOCK EXAMINATION

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SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.

  1. Identify two limitations of using electronic sources for historical information (2mks)
  2. State the main characteristic of the Stone Age era. (1mks)
  3. State two factors that led to the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre. (2mks)
  4. Give Dunlop’s main contribution to early transport. (1mk)
  5. State two characteristics of macadamized roads. (2mks)
  6. State two roles of the Lukiko in Buganda kingdom. (2mks)
  7. State one discovery that revolutionalized agriculture in Egypt. (1mk)
  8. State the role of King Leopold II of Belgium in the scramble and partition of Africa                                                                                                                          
  9. State one term of the conciliation act of 1934 in Zimbabwe (1mk)
  10. Identify the main reason why it took long for the French to defeat Samori Toure (1mk)
  11. Identify one reason why Adolf Hitler invaded Austria in 1938. (1mk)
  12. What was the aim of the formation of the non-alignment movement (NAM) (1mk)
  13. State two roles of the Tuaregs during the Trans-Saharan trade (2mks)
  14. State two reasons why Odwira festival was held among the Asante during the pre colonial period         (2mks)
  15. Name two communities that took part in the Maji maji rebellion in Tanganyika (2mks)
  16. State the main function of the International Labour Organisation (I.L.O) (1mk)
  17. State two functions of the House of Lords in Britain (2mks)

    SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
    Answer any three questions from this section.
  18.  
    1. Give three stages in the evolution of man before Homo erectus                (3mks)
    2. Explain six cultural practices of man during the new stone age period. (12mks)
  1.  
    1. Show five ways through which the development of technology affected African communities in the Pre-colonial period                                                     (5mks)
    2. Explain five social effects of the industrial Revolution in Europe             (10mks)                
  1.  
    1. How did the invention of steam contribute to the process of colonization (3mks)
    2. Explain six positive effects of European colonization of Africa.                 (12mks)    
  1.  
    1. Give three political changes introduced by Mobutu Seseko which led to dictatorship in the D.R Congo    (3mks)
    2. Explain six economic problems faced by D.R Congo since independence. (12mks)        

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section

  1.  
    1. Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of Asante (3mks)
    2. Describe the social organization of the Asante kingdom                          (12mks)
  1.  
    1. State three permanent members of the United Nations Organization (3mks)
    2. Explain six challenges facing the Economic Community of West African states      (ECOWAS)         (12mks)
  1.  
    1. State five roles of the Queen in Britain (5mks)
    2. Explain five functions of USA congress     (10mks)


MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.

  1. Identify two limitations of using electronic sources for historical information (2mks)
    -they are expensive to obtain eg computers
    -electronic sources of information can be accessed by the literate
  1. State the main characteristic of the stone age era (1mks)
    -made tools out of stone
  1. State two factors that led to the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre (2mks)
    -the rise of Axum kingdom of Ethiopia
    -increased desertification of the region
    -decline of iron working
  1. Give Dunlop’s main contribution to early transport. (1mk)
    -He invented tyre made of rubber
  1. State two characteristics of macadamized roads (2mks)
    -had three layers of small broken stones
    -surface was composed of stone chippings packed tightly together
    -placed layer of gravel bound together by weight of a vehicle
    -were straight and smooth surface
  1. State two roles of the Lukiko in Buganda kingdom (2mks)
    -made laws (Legistlative role)
    -advised the Kabaka
    -represented peoples concern to the Kabaka
    -acted the final court of Appeal
    -carried out general administration
  1. State one discovery that revolutionalized agriculture in Egypt (1mk)
    Shadoof
  1. State the role of King Leopold II of Belgium in the scramble and partition of Africa(1mk)
    -He declared Congo a free state, a Belgium colony drawing conflict which resulted into the Berlin confrence
  1. State one term of the conciliation act of 1934 in Zimbabwe (1mk)
    -River Congo and Niger to be opened to all powers
  1. Identify the main reason why it took long for the French to defeat Samori Toure (1mk)
    -shifting his empire eastwards delayed French pursuit
  1. Identify one reason why Adolf Hitler invaded Austria in 1938. (1mk)
    -to fulfill his ambition of German dorminance in Europe
  1. What was the aim of the formation of the non-alignment movement (NAM) (1mk)
    -to safeguard the sovereignty and neutrality of member states against super power domination
  1. State two roles of the Tuaregs during the Trans-Saharan trade (2mks)
    -acted as guides
    -protected the oasis
    -acted as interpreters
    -they provided security to the caravans /acted as guard
  1. State two reasons why Odwira festival was held among the Asante during the pre-colonial period (2mks)
    -to pay allegiance to the Asantehene
    -to honour the dead
    -to settle disputes among the Omahene
  1. Name two communities that took part in the Maji maji rebellion in Tanganyika (2mks)
    -Matumbi
    -Ngindo
    -Pogoro
    -Ngoni
    -Mpunga / Mbunga
    -Luguru
    -Zaramo
    -Bene
  1. State the main function the International Labour Organisation (I.L.O)(1mk)
    -maintaining good working conditions for men, women and children/ The promotion of the workers welfare
  1. State two functions of the House of Lords in Britain (2mks)
    -help in the process of law making / initiating legistlation
    -keeping a check on the powers of the executive/ questioning the prime minister about the activities of governance
    -can sit as a court of appeal for criminal cases
    -provides continuity in operation of parliament for example peers retain sit for life
    -debates general policy issues

    SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
    Answer any three questions from this section.

  2.  
    1. Give three stages in the evolution of man before Homo erectus (3mks)
      -Egyptopithecus
      -Drypithecus
      -Kenyapithecus / Ramapithecus
      -Homohabilis
    2. Explain six cultural practices of man during the new stone age period. (12mks)
      -lived in rocks, shelters and caves
      -decorated his shelter with paintings / drawings
      -began to domesticate animals
      -developed speech for easier communication
      -developed government by settings up rules
      -developed religion as evidenced by burying the dead with their possessions
      -they developed simple art and craft
      -they started settled lifestyles / sedentary life began
      -they wore a variety of garment / clothes
      -the decorated their bodies with red ochre
  1.  
    1. Show five ways through which the development of technology affected African communities in the Pre-colonial period (5mks)
      -better farming tools were made which were used to clear large areas of forests
      -strong weapons were made and were used to conquer weaker communities / led to the rise and fall of kingdom
      -iron technology enabled communities to establish strong systems
      -centres where iron working took place developed into towns eg meroe, Axum etc/ it led to urbanization
      -a class of highly respected professionals (blacksmiths) with the knowledge of iron technology developed
      -items made of iron were exchanged in trade
      -the possession of iron tools enabled many communities to migrate and settle in different areas such as the Bantus
      -ornaments were made from iron for decoration
    2. Explain five social effects of the industrial Revolution in Europe (10mks)                  
      -many people migrated to town to look for jobs leading to overcrowding
      -increased population in towns led to shortage of houses thereby resulting to the development of slums
      -there was poor sanitation which made people to suffer from various diseases
      -the factories emitted pollutants into the air, water and land thus affecting peoples health
      -those who did not secure employment in the industrial towns engaged in crime and other social evil
      -industrial revolution led to social stratification where the poor were discriminated by the rich
      -women and children were exploited because they worked for long hours for little pay
      -trade unions developed in order to fight for the rights of industrial workers to settle industrial disputes
      -due to long working schedule some industrial workers neglected their families
  1.  
    1. How did the invention of steam contribute to the process of colonization (3mks)
      -helped in the development eg steamships and trains
      -with the development of railways Europeans were able to move to the interior of Africa to exploit minerals
      -there was demand for more coal to produce more steam
      -it was possible to move troops to conquer the people using steamship, trains and vehicles
      -there was demand for raw materials as the steam engine was manufacturing goods at a faster rate
    2. Explain six positive effects of European colonization of Africa. (12mks)
      -helped in the formation of states eg during the struggle for independence
      -it speeded up economic growth in Europe through trade
      -Africans were introduced to international commerce
      -led to the development infrastructure eg roads and railways
      -led to the development of urban centres especially areas where Europeans settled
      -led to the introduction of western medicine
      -the inhuman slave trade was abolished and replaced with legitimate trade
      -introduction of new crops
      -modern methods of farming were introduced
      -introduction of western education by European missionaries
      -money was introduced as a medium of exchange which was more efficient than barter trade
      -some African traditions practices were abolished eg F.G.M
      -social interaction was enhanced through the study of African languages
      -introduction of new sources of energy
  1.  
    1. Give three political changes introduced by Mobutu seseko which led to dictatorship in the D.R Congo (3mks)
      -he banned all political parties except the people revolutionary movement which he led
      -he amended the constitution stripping parliament its powers
      -he abolished the federal system and centralized power around himself
      -civil servants were appointed by the central government
      -he declared himself life president
    2. Explain six economic problems faced by D.R Congo since independence. (12mks)
      -the profits from exploitation resources are taken away by foreign firms which have monopoly of mining thus contributing to low economic growth
      -the country a huge debt to pay due to heavy reliance on foreign aids from the west
      -illegal trading activities which denies the government revenue
      -high level of corruption has deprived the country money for development
      -slow economic growth due to poor infrastructure
      -political instability in the region has interrupted international trade
      -high inflation due to Mobutu’s financial policy of printing paper money
      -Constant civil wars have created a hostile environment for investment
      -high rates of unemployment
      -lack of qualified personnel to oversee economic development         

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section

  1.  
    1. Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of Asante (3mks)
      -participation in trade enabled the kingdom to grow
      -acquired weapons which were used to expand the kingdom
      -Wealth from the trade boosted the kings prestige /fame
      -the needs for goods for export encouraged kings to conquer more territories
    2. Describe the social organization of the Asante kingdom (12mks)
      -the kingdom was composed of many communities speaking the same language
      -the Asante were organized in clans
      -marriage between members of the same clan was prohibited
      -inheritance of property was matrilinear
      -the community was bound together by the golden stool
      -there was an annual cultural festival (Odwira) held at Kumasi to honour the ancestors
      -the society was divided into social classes
      -the kings were regarded as semi-divine
      -the Asante were polytheists
      -the ancestors mediated between God and the people
      -the Asante had a supreme God called Nyome
  1.  
    1. State three permanent members of the United Nations Organization (3mks)
      -France
      -China
      -Russia
      -Britain / United Kingdom
      -United states of America (USA)
    2. Explain six challenges facing the Economic Community of West African states           (ECOWAS) (12mks)
      -influx of workers of workers from less developed areas to more developed states within the organization
      -closure of the boarders between some countries eg between Ghana and Togo
      -foreign interference especially through presence of Israel and French soldiers in ivory coast
      -ideological differences between various leaders have led to suspension and mistrust among member states
      -member states of ECOWAS are also members of other organizations creating divided loyalty and lack of commitment
      -financial constraints due to non-payment of dues
      -nationalism where member states give domestic interests priority rather than ECOWAS interests
      -political instability due to military coups
      -lack of common currency
      -the region is poorly linked with transport and communication networks this affects the smooth running of the organization
  1.  
    1. State five roles of the Queen in Britain (5mks)
      -she is the head of state
      -commander in chief of the armed forces
      -she performs the official opening of parliament
      -she invites the leader of the leading party to be prime minister and form government
      -she represents the country in international for a/ forums
      -she give assent to bills before they become laws
      -she appoints the archbishop of the church of England
      -she is the symbolic head of the common wealth
      -she bestows honour to deserving persons
      -she exercises a prerogative of mercy to convicted criminals or persons / power of clemency
      -she creates peers ie members of the five noble ranks eg Barons
    2. Explain five functions of USA congress (10mks)
      -it acts as a check on the executive arm of government by examining administrative work
      -it approves taxation measurement and makes sure that the government expenditure is properly used and accounted for.
      -it makes laws
      -it amends laws
      -the senate approves treaties with foreign countries
      -it can appoint a commission of inquiry to investigate any problem
      -senior civil servants are appointed by the president with approval of the senate
      -congress closely monitors the conduct of the president, vice president and other senior public officials
      -congress is representative body elected by the people and reflects the aspiration on interests of the American people
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