HISTORY PAPER 1 - KCSE 2019 ALLIANCE MOCK EXAMINATION

SECTION A (25MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section

1. Name one archaeological site in Kenya outside the rift valley? (1 mk)
2. Give two ways in which the constitution of Kenya gurantees the rule of law? (1 mk)
3. State any two educational commissions set up in Kenya after independence? (2 mks)
4. Identify any two specific groups of people in Kenya recognised by the new constitution? (2 mks)
5. Give the main method used by anthropologists to gather their historical information? (1 mk)
6. State two ways in which the Kenyan constitution promotes national unity? (2 mks)
7. Mention one social responsibility of Kenyan citizen? (1 mk)
8. Name one category of the Kenya defence forces? (1 mk)
9. Define devolution in relation to the Kenyan government today?             (1 mk)
10. What is the main function of the equalization fund? (1 mk)
11. What was the centre of political power in decentralised societies of pre-colonial Kenya? (1 mk)
12. Give two reasons why the colonial government provided technical education to Africans? (2 mks)
13. Give the main reason why early visitors from Arabia came to the Kenyan coast before 1500? (1 mk)

14. Name one Bantu community in Kenya whose ancestors settled on mount Elgon? (1 mk)
15. Give two reasons why Africans who lived in towns formed social welfare organization during the colonial period? (2 mks)
16. Name two occasions when the Kenya national anthem is sung? (2 mks)
17. Give two ways in which industrial revolution in Europe hastened the colonisation of Kenya in the 19^th century?                                                             (2 mks)

SECTION B (45MARKS)
Answer any three questions in this section

18.  
    1. State three ways in which the government of Kenya facilitated the acquisition of land for Africans after 1963?  (3 mks)
    2. Explain six challenges facing the agricultural sector in Kenya today?                          (12 mks)

19.  
    1. Identify three grade for elders among the Akamba? (3 mks)
    2. Describe the political organisation of the Agikuyu in pre-colonial period?                     (12 mks)

20.  
    1. Give five methods used by colonial government to discourage the activities of the Mau Mau Movement? (5 mks)
    2. Explain five roles of women in Kenya during the struggle for independence in Kenya?            (10 mks)

21.  
    1. What factors led to the development of multi-party democracy in Kenya in the early 1990s? (3mks)
    2. Explain how the existence of many political parties has promoted democracy in Kenya? (12mks) 

SECTION C (30MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section

22.  
    1. Identify three levels of conflicts? (3 mks)
    2. Explain six ways in which conflicts may have a negative effect in Kenya?                    (12 mks)

23.  
    1. Identify any three members of the county government assembly in Kenya? (3 mks)
    2. Explain six challenges facing the county government in Kenya?                                     (12 mks)

24.  
    1. State three functions of the cabinet in Kenya? (3 mks)
    2. Explain six factors that may undermine the supremacy of Kenya’s parliament.             (12 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

1. Name one archaeological site in Kenya outside the rift valley?
   Rusinga.               
   (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

2. Give two ways in which the constitution of Kenya gurantees the rule of law?
   All are equal before the law
   A suspect is innocent until proven guilty in a court of law
   A suspect is given an opportunity to defend himself. (2 x 1 = 2 mks)

3. State any two educational commissions set up in Kenya after independence?
   • Gachathi commission
   • Koech commission
   • Mackay commission
   • Ominde commission. (2 x 1 = 2 mks)

4. Identify any two specific groups of people in Kenya recognised by the new constitution?
   • Marginalised group
   • The women
   • The youth
   • Disability (2 x 1 = 2 mks)

5. Give the main method used by anthropologists to gather their historical information?
   Observation (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

6. State two ways in which the Kenyan constitution promotes national unity?
   • Guarantee equal opportunities to all Kenyans.
   • Promote protection to individuals against any form of dissemination
   • Provides for unitary government. (2 x 1 = 2 mks)

7. Mention one social responsibility of Kenyan citizen? (1 mk)
   • To help in times of emergencies
   • Taking care of the vulnerable in the society
   • Promoting gender sensitivity
   • Promoting good morals (honesty, integrity)
   • Discouraging drug and substance abuse.      (any 1 x 1 = 1 mk)

8. Name one category of the Kenya defence forces? (1 mk)
   Kenya army
   Kenya navy
   Kenya air force.                                                                         (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

9. Define devolution in relation to the Kenyan government today?
   It is a type of government where the central government delegates certain powers and responsibilities to lower levels of government according to the constitution
   (1x1= 1 mk)

10. What is the main function of the equalization fund?
    To provide basic services such as water, health, electricity, roads to the marginalised areas.
    (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

11. What was the centre of political power in decentralised societies of pre-colonial Kenya? (1 mk)
    Council of eleders
    (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

12. Give two reasons why the colonial government provided technical education to Africans?
    To prepare them only for manual jobs as clerks
    Fear that educated Africans would become more politically active. (2 x 1 = 2 mks)

13. Give the main reason why early visitors from Arabia came to the Kenyan coast before 1500?
    Trade/commerce (1 x 1 = 1 mk)

14. Name one bantu community in Kenya whose ancestors settled on mount Elgon?
    Abaluhya
    Abagushii
    Abakuria                                                 (any 1 x 1 = 1 mk)

15. Give two reasons why Africans who lived in towns formed social welfare organization during the colonial period?
    To provide security
    To meet their social basic needs
    To promote unity and sense of belonging among the members (any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

16. Name two occasions when the Kenya national anthem is sung?
    • When raising /hoisting the national flag
    • During nation heads of state meeting
    • When commemorating public/national holidays.
    • During international sports events where Kenya is participating
      (any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

17. Give two ways in which industrial revolution in Europe hastened the colonisation of Kenya in the 19^th century?
    • Created demand for raw materials
    • Created demand for market manufactured goods.
    • Created demand for investment of accumulated capital.     (any 2 x 1 = 2 mks)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)

18.  
    1. State three ways in which the government of Kenya facilitated the acquisition of land for Africans after 1963?
       • Resettling people in irrigation schemes
       • Encouraging people to form cooperatives/land buying companies
       • Opening up former white highlands for willing buyers.
       • Consolidation/adjudication of land to enable farmers to maximize their production
       • Issuing title deeds to make ownership legal.                         (3 x 1 = 3 mks)
    2. Explain six challenges facing the agricultural sector in Kenya today?
       • Poor infrastructure in some parts of the country has led to grat loss of farm produce.
       • The unstable prices of agricultural products on the local and world markets.
       • Various parts of the country are occasionally hit by famine and drought.
       • Lack of adequate finances for farmers to acquire farm inputs
       • Use of poor technology/traditional methods of production
       • Mismanagement of cooperatives has improvensed farmers
       • Industrialized nations has frustrated Kenyan farmers
       • Insecurity due to ethnic clashes and cattle rustling
       • Population of Kenya is growing faster than gains in agricultural sector.
         (Any 6 x 2 = 12 mks)

19.  
    1. Identify three grades for elders among the Akamba
       • Anake – Juniour elders
       • Nthele – medium elders
       • Atumia ma kivalo – full elders
       • Atumia ma kisuka – senior elders.
         (any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
    2. Describe the political organisation of the Agikuyu in pre-colonial period
       • Decentralized political system.
       • Smallest political unit was family led by the father.
       • Several families made up a clan
       • Clan was the basic political unit and it occupied a territorial unit (mbari) usually along one ridge.
       • Each clan was ruled by a council of elders – kiama
       • Functions of council of elders included solving land disputes and presiding over religious ceremonies.
       • Above the council of elders was the senior council of elders called kiama kia nduudu.
       • Kiama kia nduudu was the final court for appeal and dealt with civil and criminal cases.
       • They practiced an age set system which provided warriors
       • The warriors defended the communities from external attacks.
       • They had ritual experts like prophets, medicine men and diviners.

20.  
    1. Give five methods used by colonial government to discourage the activities of the Mau Mau Movement?
       • Many people were arrested/detained
       • They killed/executed the activities.
       • They used traitors and spies
       • The Kenya African union (KAU) was banned.
       • The independent schools were closed down
       • State of emergency was declared
       • The government tortured Mau Mau supporters. (any 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
    2. Explain five roles of women in Kenya during the struggle for independence in Kenya?
       • They involved in active resistance against the British such as Mekatilili of the giriama and Moraa of Kisii.
       • They supported political association for example they supported Harry Thuku and the East African Association (EAA)
       • They contributed in the establishement of independent churches and schools
       • They composed and san songs that ridiculed the colonial government and encouraged freedom fighters.
       • They formed political associations such as Mumbi central association
       • Some participated in the constitutional reforms such as Prescilla Abwao who attended the 2^nd Lancaster House conference.
       • They demanded the release of detained or arrested freedom fighters such as Harry Thuku.
       • They supplied food and arms to the freedom fighters in their hideouts.
       • They acted as spies for the freedom fighters.
       • Women took part in oathing and administered oath of secrecy.
       • They kept their homes intact as the men continued with their struggle.
       • They endured pain and suffering inflicted by the colonial government for the sake of liberation.             (Any 5 x 2 = 10 mks)

21.  
    1. What factors led to the development of multi-party democracy in Kenya in the early 1990s?
       • International pressure on the government for democratic reforms
       • Pressure from individuals who had been expelled from K.A.N.U. without political alternative.
       • Existence of people who were ready to push democratic agenda ahead.
       • Introduction multiparty democracy in other African countries
       • Discontent within KANU
    2. Explain how the existence of many political parties has promoted democracy in Kenya
       • It has promoted freedom of associations by providing alternative parties for people.
       • Has provided people with a forum to express their views about how a country should be governed/managed.
       • It made the government more accountable to the people through constant consultation.
       • It has provided checks and balances to abuse and misuse of power by leaders.
       • It has provided system of scrutinizing government expenditure through public accounts committee and public investment committee.
       • It has made the people feel free to contribute ideas in the country without feeling intimidated.
       • It has enabled people who wish to form political parties to do so.
         (any 6 x 2 = 12 mks)

SECTION C. (30 MARKS)

22.  
    1. Identify three levels of conflicts?
       • Individual against individual
       • Individual against state
       • Group against group
       • State against state
       • Group against the state (3 x 1 = 3 mks)
    2. Explain six ways in which conflicts may have a negative effect in Kenya?
       • Massive displacement of people their by becoming refugees.
       • Destruction of property i.e farm and building
       • Fear and insecurity due to anarchy.
       • Loss of lives as people are killed
       • Starvation due to destruction of crops and disruption of agricultural activities.
       • Poverty due to economic decline
       • Human suffering and misery becomes widespread. (any 6 x 2 = 12 mks) 
23.  
    1. Identify any three members of the county government assembly in Kenya?
       • Members elected by registered voters (M.C.A s)
       • Special seat members nominated by parties
       • The speaker
       • Representatives of members of marginalized groups e.g. youth and person with disabilities. (any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
    2. Explain six challenges facing the county government in Kenya?  
       • How to evenly distribute the resources they have within the county.
       • Inadequate finances
       • Cross county planning and development of some resources e.g water, roads e.t.c
       • Need for retraining of government workers.
       • Transfer of functions from the national government to county government
       • Structural overlaps/overlaps of functions with the national government
       • Policy and legal gaps
       • Some counties are not well endowed with resources.
       • Tribal interests in making appointments
       • Lack of full anatomy as their operations can be stopped by the national government
       • Corruption and mismanagement of developed funds
       • Impeachment threats by members of county assembly.
       • Increase in natural calamities
       • Leadership wrangles
       • Delay in remittance of funds by the national government.
         (any 6 x 2 = 12 mks)

24.  
    1. State three functions of the cabinet in Kenya?
       • To assist and advise the government on the day to day running of organisations.
       • Discusses matters of national and international importance
       • Formulates policies and programmes of the government
       • They initiate new bills
       • Performs delegated functions secretaries and collectively responsible for the policies and administration of their ministries.
         (Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
    2. Explain six factors that may undermine the supremacy of Kenya’s parliament.
       • Increased powers of the cabinet
       • Peoples customs and traditions; as parliament can not pass laws against customs unless people want change.
       • Kenya’s constitution is the supreme law.
       • Parliament supremacy is side stepped in the event that the president declares a state of emergency.
       • Application of international laws dictates the nature of legislation from parliament.
       • Legislation by county government compete with legislation in the government.
       • Laws made by the current parliament can be changed, reviewed or amended by the future parliament.   (any 6 x 2 = 12 mks)