ENGLISH PAPER 2 - KCSE 2019 BAHATI MOCK EXAMINATION (WITH MARKING SCHEME)

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  1. UNSEEN TEXT COMPREHENSION.                                     
    Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow.

    The question is at least as old as Socrates: If we know what the right thing to do is, why do we not do it? It is an especially acute question when applied to global warming. The scientific evidence showingthat carbon dioxide emissions are already changing the planet’s climate, and are likely to have severe effects (melting ice caps, sea-level rise and species extinction), is compelling and now barely disputed. Almost 90% of Europeans say they recognizeclimate change as a major issue, and 75% identify fossil fuel emissions as a major cause.

    And yet, as was widely discussed at a conference of environmentalists, geologists and writers in May 2006 in Ankelohe, Germany, public understanding has not translated into even the simplest of public actions. Less than 1% of Britons, for example, have switched their home electricity to renewable sources, even though it requires little more than a phone call to one’s existing provider. Proportions on the continent are slightly higher, but there is clearly no rush to go green or - shudder – stopdriving cars.

    Why such a disconnect between information and action? Part of the problem is that environmental advocates emit mixed messages. In mid-May 2006, Britain’s Guardian published a front-page story showing that five companies in Britain produce more carbon dioxide pollution in a year than all the country’s motorists combined. That must be a strong argument for targeting industries, but the average reader could hardly be blamed for thinking, “Why should I bother to cut down my driving?”

    Similarly, not enough thought has been devoted to the best role for government. Climate change is too vast a problem for individuals to solve alone, and some big businesses have an incentive not to solve it. That leaves government to take the lead, which is tricky, because over-reliance on government can allow individuals to fob off their own responsibilities. What is worse, government power seems to tickle autocratic fantasies. In my experience, environmentalists spend far too much energy advocating hardline government ‘solutions’ that do not stand a chance of being enacted. Sure, it might be good for the planet if governments banned the use of sports-utility vehicles or, for that matter, of all fossil fuels. Yet not only is it hard to sell outright prohibitions to voters, but the sad truth is that governments have a woeful record in even the mildest interventions. One of the most significant innovations in the last decade has been Europe’s carbon-emission trading scheme: some 12,000 companies, responsible for more than half of the EU’s emissions, have been assigned quotas. Companies with unused allowances can sell them; the higher the price, the greater the incentive for firms to cut their use of fossil fuels. The systemseemed to work for about a year — but now it turns out that Europe’s governments allocated far too many credits, which will likely hinder the program’s effectiveness for years.

    Perhaps the real reason that well-intentioned consumers do not change is that they do not see any benefit. Climate change may be a frightening, irreversible calamity, but its worst effects will not be felt next week or next year. The planet looks the same regardless of whether we use environmentally friendly technology or we do not care how much carbon dioxide we emit. But as surely as the sun rises and sets every day, if we do not cut down on carbon emissions, then we may not have a planet to hand over to the next generation.

    1. According to the passage, what are the effects of global warming? (4 marks)
    2. What, according to the passage, is the main cause of global warming?(2 marks)
    3. How does Britain encourage people to use renewable electricity? (2 marks)
    4. Make notes on why climatic pollution is a difficult problem to solve (3 mks)
    5. That must be a strong argument for targeting industries, ( Add a question tag
    6. Paraphrase the following sentence: If we do not cut down on carbon emissions, then we may not have a planet to hand over to the next generation(1 mark)
    7. What message does the writer communicate in this passage? (2 marks)
    8. Explain the meaning of the following words and expression as used in the passage(4 marks)
      1. fob off
      2. incentive
      3. calamity
      4. Disconnect
  2. SEEN TEXT COMPREHENSION (25 MARKS)
    Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow.
    Nora: It’s a shame to say that. I do really save all I can.
    Helmer: (Laughing) That’s very true, - all you can. But you can’t save anything!
    Nora: (Smiling quietly and happily) You haven’t any idea how many expenses we skylarks and squirrels have, Torvald.
    Helmer: You are an odd little soul. Very like your father. You always find some new way of wheedling money out of me, and as soon as you have got it, it seems to melt in your hands. You never know where it has gone. Still, one must take you as you are. It is in the blood: for indeed it is true that you can inherit these things, Nora.
    Nora: Ah, I wish I had inherited many of papa’s qualities.
    Helmer: And I would not wish you to be anything but just what you are, my little skylark. But do you know, it strikes me that you are looking-rather—what shall I say- rather uneasy today?
    Nora:Do I?
    Helmer: You do, really. Look straight at me.
    Nora :( Looks at him) Well?
    Helmer: (Wagging his finger at her) Hasn’t Miss Sweet Tooth been breaking rules in town today?
    Nora: No; what makes you think that?
    Helmer: Hasn’t she paid a visit to the confectioner’s?
    Nora: No, I assure you, Torvald-
    Helmer: Not been nibbling sweets?
    Nora: No, certainly not.
    Helmer: Not even take a bite at a macaroon or two?
    Nora: (Going to the table on the right) I shouldn’t think of going against your wishes.
    Helmer: No, I am sure of that: besides, you gave me your word- (Going up to her) Keep your little Christmas secrets to yourself, my darling. They will be revealed tonight when the Christmas tree is lit, no doubt.
    Nora: Did you remember to invite Doctor Rank?
    Helmer: No. But there is no need; as a matter of course, he will come to dinner with us. However, I will ask him when he comes this morning. I have ordered some good wine. Nora, you can’t think how I am looking forward to this evening.
    Nora: So am I! And how the children will enjoy themselves, Torvald!
    Helmer: It is splendid to feel that one has a perfectly a safe appointment, and a big enough income. It is delightful to think of, isn’t it?
    Nora: It’s wonderful!

    1. Place this extract in its immediate context(4 marks
    2. Identify one use of metaphorical language and explain its significance(3marks)
    3. Helmer says here “It is splendid to feel that one has a perfectly safe appointment”. What is he referring to?(1 mark)
    4. What issues on money and gender emerge in this extract? (4 marks)
    5. What dietary habit is Helmer discouraging Nora from? Illustrate your answer( 2 mks).
    6. What do we learn about the character of Helmer from this extract?(4 marks)
    7. “Did you remember to invite Doctor Rank?” (Re-write in reported speech)(1 mark)
    8. Based on what happens later in the play, how does the prevailing mood in this excerpt change and why?(3 marks)
    9. Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the extract? (3 marks)
      1. Wheedling money out of me
      2. Confectioner’s
      3. You gave me your word
  3. LITERARY APPRECIATION.  (20MKS)
    Read the poem below and then answer the questions that follow.

    The owner of yam peels his yam in the house:
    A neighbour knocks at the door
    The owner of yam throws his yam in the bedroom:
    The neighbour says, “I just heard
    A sound, ‘kerekere’, that is why I came,”
    The owner of the yam replies,
    “That was nothing, I was sharpening two knives.”
    The neighbour says again, “I still heard
    Something like ‘bi’ sound behind the door.”
    The owner of the yam says,
    “I merely tried my door with a mallet.”
    The neighbour says again,
    “What about this huge fire burning on your hearth?”
    The fellow replies,
    “I am merely warming water for my bath.”
    The neighbour persists,
    “Why is your skin all white, when this is not the Harmattan season?’
    The fellow is ready with his reply,
    I was rolling on the floor when I heard the death of Agadapidi.”
    Then the neighbour says, “Peace be with you.”
    The owner of the yam starts to shut,
    “There cannot be peace
    Unless the owner of food is allowed to eat his own food!”

    Questions.
    1. Briefly explain what the poem is about(2 marks)
    2. What does the neighbor hope to achieve by being so persistent? (3 marks)
    3. Using illustrations, describe any two character traits of the owner of the yam(4 marks)
    4. Identify the ideophones words in the poem(2 marks)
      1. How do we know that the neighbour is observant? (3 marks)
      2. Describe the tone of the owner of the yam(1 mark)
    5. The neighbour says, “peace be with you.” Why is this statement ironic?(3 marks)
      What lesson can we learn from this poem?(2 marks)
  4.  GRAMMAR           (15 MARKS)
    1. Complete the following sentences by choosing the appropriate expressions tofill the gaps. (3mks)
      1. She chose her career __ her father. (independent of, independent to, independent from, independent off )
      2. We decided to stay longer in Mombasa since we had______money left. (little, a little).
      3. The time keeper had __ the bell before time.
    2. Rewrite the sentences below according to the instructions given after each without changing the meaning. (3mks)
      1. My father would not allow us to attend night parties under any circumstances.
        (Begin: Under no ……)
      2. The visitor spoke for one hour. I did not understand anything he said. (Join into one sentence using however)
      3. The meeting was called off because there was no quorum. (Replace the underlined phrasal verb using a single word with the same meaning)
    3. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences using the correct prepositions(3mks)
      1. The rat ran __the hole when it saw the cat.
      2. The students travelled _  bus to Mombasa.
      3. My mother is fond __ singing Christian hymns.
    4. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using the instructions in the brackets (3 mks).
      1. Naliaka joined our school this term. Nalika is very good at grammar. (Use a relative clause)
      2. The elephant is a very big animal. The elephant is also very strong. (Use not only……. )
      3. The generator had been left on the whole night. The generator broke down in the morning. (Use having…..)
    5. Answer the following questions on gender sensitivity as instructed. (2mks)
      1. The steward who served us in the plane is my cousin. (Replace the underlined word with a gender sensitive term).
      2. My uncle has recently bought a goose. (Replace the underlined word with a gender opposite one).
    6. Give two possible meanings of the following sentence (1 mk).
      Flying planes can be dangerous.


MARKING SCHEME

  1.  
    1. The effects of global warming are melting ice caps, rising sea levels, species extinction and climatic change.(4 marks)
    2. The main cause of global warming, according to the passage, is carbon dioxide from fossil fuel emissions.(2 marks)
    3. Britain encourages people to use renewable electricity by making it very easy for people to switch to renewable sources.(2 marks)
    4. Problem is too vast for individuals, Big businesses have no incentive to solve it, Government officers fob off their responsibilities. (3 mks. Must be in note format. Deduct ½ mark for prose)
    5. An ordinary reader would not be blamed for wondering why he or she has to reduce on driving while industries continue to emit a lotof CO2. (3 marks: Candidate to introduce at least 3 synonyms)
    6. The writer communicates the message that, while pollution is a life-threatening issue, the approaches to resolving it are ineffective. (2 marks)
    7.  
      1. fob off — to avoid/make excuses
      2. Incentive — a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something
      3. Calamity — an event that causes greatdamage(3 marks)
  2. SEEN TEXT- A DOLL’S HOUSE
    1. Before the extract, Helmer puts his arm around Nora’s waist (1 mk) and calls her an example of little people who are spendthrifts ( 1 mk). After the extract, Helmer reminds Nora about the previous Christmas ( 1 mk) where Nora shut herself up every evening making ornaments (1 mk).
    2. Nora refers to herself as a skylark andsquirrel (2 mks). This alludes to her sense of happiness and hyperactivity (1 mk).
    3. He is referring to his new job at the bank. ( 1 mk)
    4. That financial mismanagement (1 mk) affects both men and women ( 1 mk). Very like your father ( 1 mk) ….you always find ways of wheedling money (1mk)
    5. Discourages her from eating sweets (1 mk). Because of mention of Miss Sweet Tooth (1 mk) and nibbling sweets (1mk).
    6. He is hospitable ( 1 mk) for planning to invite Dr. Rank ( 1mk) and also optimistic ( 1mk) because of mention of big income and safe appointment ( 1 mk).
    7. This happy mood ( 1mk) changes to become somber ( 1mk) after Helmer discovers Nora’s secret ( 1mk).
    8. Make me use money carelessly
      1. Shop that makes or sells sweets.
      2. You promised. 
  3. LITERARY APPRECIATION(20 marks)
    Famine
    1. The poem is about an encounter between twoneighbours during famine. One of them hasfood that he stubbornly refuses to share with hishungry ‘brother’(2 mks)
    2. The neighbour hopes that by being persistent,the owner of the yam will relent and give him some. Although the owner denies everything,the neighbour shows him he knows that he (the owner) is refusing to own up the truth whenit is so obvious. The neighbour also hopes toprick his “friend’s” conscience. He hopes thatguilt will force the owner of the yam to share the yam.(3 mks)
    3. The owner of the yam is:-
      1. Mean / selfish - inspite of the efforts the neighbour makes, he refuses to share his food.
      2. Innovative /schemer / creative - He formulates quick answers to counteract what his neighbour says. (4 mks)
    4. The ideophones words are “kerekere” and “bi”. (2 mks)
    5. The neighbour is very observant because henotices things like fire and associate it with themeal the owner wants to prepare. He alsonotices the owner’s “skin” is “all white” of course the whiteness is from the yam peelings. The owner of the yam refutes everything. But the owner is not fooled. (3 mks)
    6. Bitter, dismissive - There cannot be peace ... ( 1 mk)
    7. The statement “Peace be with you” is ironic because the neighbour is probably being sarcastic. He cannot be wishing somebody whohas denied him food peace. He has made the owner of the yam guilty. A person with a guiltyconscience is unlikely to have peace. ( 3mks)
    8. We learn that we should share what we have with the needy. When we don’t, we cannot have peace with ourselves or others. (2 mks)
  4. GRAMMAR
    1.  
      1. independent of
      2. a little
      3. rang
    2.  
      1. Under no circumstance would my father allow us to attend night parties.
      2. The visitor spoke for one hour, however, I did not understand anything he said.
      3. cancelled
    3.  
      1. into
      2. by
      3. of
    4.  
      1. Naliaka, who is very good at grammar, joined our school this term.
      2. The elephant, which is a very big animal, is also very strong.
      3. Having been left on the whole night, the generator broke down in the morning.
    5.  
      1. flight attendant/ cabin crew
      2. gander
    6.  
      1. the act of flying a plane can be dangerous
      2. Planes that are flying can be dangerous
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