HISTORY PAPER 1 - 2019 KCSE STAREHE MOCK EXAMS (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C.   
• Answer ALL the questions in section A, THREE questions from section B and TWO questions from section C
• Answers to all the questions must be written on the answers sheets provided.

SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.

1. Give two functions of the council of elders among the Akamba during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
2. State two factors which made it possible for the Arab traders to come to the Kenya coast before 1500.   (2 marks)

3. Identify one contribution of John Krapf to the spread of Christianity in Kenya during the nineteenth century. (2 marks)
4. Name the company which administered Kenya on behalf of the British government up to 1895. (1 mark)
5. Identify two factors which enabled the white settlers to establish farms in the Kenya Highlands during the colonial period. (2 marks)
6. Give two factors which led to the establishment of urban centres in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 marks)
7. State two objectives of the Kikuyu Central Association (KCA). (2 marks)
8. Identify two ways in which the trade union movement contributed to the struggle for independence in Kenya. (2 marks)
9. State two results of the development of railway transport in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 marks)
10. Name two African nationalist parties whose leaders attend the Lancaster House Conference. (2 marks)
11. Give the main reason why the colonial government created reserves in Kenya.(1 mark)

12. State one advantage of representative democracy. (1 mark)
13. Give the main reason why the government of Kenya introduced free primary education in 2003. (1 mark)
14. Name the administrative head of the Kenyan parliament. (1 mark)
15. What is the main function of opposition parties in Kenya? (1 mark)
16. Identify one type of direct tax through which the Kenyan government raises its revenue. (1 mark)
17. Which provision in Kenya constitution protects the wealth of individuals in the country? (1 mark)

SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer any THREE questions from this section in the answer booklet provided

18.  
    1. Give three factors which contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan coast and the outside world by the 16^th century. (3 marks)
    2. What reasons led to the decline of the Portuguese rule along the Kenyan coast   during the 17^th century.  (12 marks)

19.  
    1. State three reasons which made the British government encourage white settlement in Kenya during the colonial period. (3 marks)
    2. Describe six problems experienced by the European settlers in Kenya during the colonial period.    (12 marks)

20.  
    1. Identify three trade unions which joined to form the Kenya Federation of Labour during the struggle for independence in Kenya. (3 marks)
    2. Explain the role played by trade unions to improve the lives of the people of Kenya during the colonial period.   (12 marks)

21.  
    1. State five reasons why the government of Kenya adopted the sessional Paper No. 10 of 1965. (5 marks)
    2. Explain the social effects of the national philosophies on development in Kenya.              (10 marks)
       
       SECTION C (30 marks)
       Answer any TWO questions from this section in the answer booklet provided
22.  
    1. State three circumstances that can make a Kenyan citizen to be denied the right to life.   (3 marks)
    2. Explain six civic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen.              (12 marks)

23.  
    1. What is the importance of the rule of Law in Kenya? (3 marks)
    2. Describe six functions of the High Court of Kenya.                          (12 marks)
24.  
    1. State five reasons that may lead to a presidential by – election in Kenya (5 marks)
    2. Explain five functions of the speaker of the National Assembly in Kenya.(10 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.

1. Give two functions of the council of elders among the Akamba during the pre-colonial period (2 marks)
   • They had powers to declare war and make peace/prepared youth for war
   • They presided over religious and other ritual functions
   • They offered advice to the community when need arose
   • They ruled the community / settle disputes
     Any 2 points 1 mark each (2 mks)

2. State two factors which made it possible for the Arab traders too come to the Kenya coast before 1500 (2 marks)
   • Accessibility of the Kenyan Coast via the sea
   • Availability of funds to finance their journey
   • Availability of dhows
   • The Monsoon winds which powered their dhows to the coast.
     Any 2 points, 1 mark each (2 mks)

3. Identify one contribution of John Krapf the spread of Christioanity in Kenya during the nineteenth century (2 marks)
   • John Krapf built a church in Rabai
   • Converted people to Christianity.
   • Translated the Bible into Kiswahili
   • Trained the first catechist who later spread the gospel.
   • Encouraged other European / missionaries to come to Kenya.
   • This exploitation of Kenya led to the opening up of the interior for more missionary activities.
     Any 1 point, 1 mark each (1 mk)

4. Name the company which administered Kenya on behalf of the British government up to 1895 (1 marks)
   • The imperial British East Africa Company/ IBA Co
5. Identify two factors which enabled the white settlers to establish farms in the Kenya Hoghlands during the colonial period (2 marks)
   • Government policy and support/ i.e. providing loans, land and labourers.
   • Favourable climate/adequa
   • specially the railway and the feeder roads.
   • Fertility of the soil      
     Any 2 points 1 mark each (2 mks)

6. Give two factors which led to the establishment of urban centres in Kenya during the colonial period (2 marks)
   • Development of transport network/the construction of the Uganda railway
   • Development of mining activities / Development of industries  
   • Development of trade.
   • Development of agriculture
     Establishment of administrative centre.               (Any 2 point, 1 mk each (2 mks)
7. State two objectives of the Kikuu Central Association (KCA) (2 marks)
   • To advocate for the growing of coffee Africans
   • To work towards the restoration of alienated Africans
   • To have laws written in Kikuyu
   • To pressurize the colonial government to abolish the racial segregation.
   • To pressurize the colonial government to abolish racial segregation.
   • Respect of African culture & customs e.g. Circumcision/polygamy
   • Agitating release of political prisoners e.g. Harry Thuku           (2 mks)

8. Identify two ways in which the trade union movement contributed to the struggle for independence in Kenya (2 marks)
   • Trade unions sensitized workers about the importance of joining political parties that struggled for independence.
   • Trade unions contributed money to political parties to enable them sustain the struggle for independence.
   • Trade unions organized strikes and boycotts to oppose some policies of the colonial government
   • Trade unions provided relevant training ground for potential nationalist leaders.      
     Any 2 points, 1 mk each (2 mks)

9. State two results of the development of railway transport in Kenya during the colonial period (2 marks)
   • It let to the loss of land among some African Communities.
   • Facilitated the movement of goods and people  
   • Led to development of trade between Kenya and the outside world.
   • Promoted the development of trade between Kenya and the outside world.
   • Led to the development of trade between Kenya and the outside world.
   • Encouraged the coming setters to Kenya
   • Promoted interaction between different African communities
   • Provided a source of revenue
   • Open up the interior
   • Building of industries.
10. Name two African nationalist parties whose leaders attend the Lancaster House Conference (2 marks)
    • Kenya African National Union (KANU)
    • Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU)       Any 2 points, 1 mark each (2 mks)
11. Give the main reason why the colonial government created reserves in Kenya (1 mark)
    • To create room for European farming/ settlement.
12. State one advantage of representative democracy (1 mark)
    • People elect leaders of their choice
    • Supreme power is vested in the people
    • It is easy to make decisions
    • Elected leaders are accountable to the people
13. Give the main reason why the government of Kenya introduced free primary education in 2003 (1 mark)
    • To enab;le more people access education
14. Name the administrative head of the Kenyan parliament (1 mark)
    • The clerk
15. What is the main function of opposition parties in Kenya? (1 mark)
    • To provide a system of checks and balances to the government of the day in order to guard against excess / to act a check on the actions of the government.
      Any 1 point, 1 mark

16. Identify one type of direct tax through which the Kenyan government raises its revenue (1 mark)
    • Export tax
    • Import tax / custom duty
    • Excise duty  
    • Sales tax
    • Income tax
    • Value Added Tax (VAT)
    • Payer/ Pay as you earn.

17. Which provision in Kenya constitution protects the wealth of individuals in the country? (1 mark)
    • The right to own property.
    • The Bill of right.

SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section in the answer booklet provided

18.  
    1. Give three factors which contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan coast and the outside world by the 16^th century (3 marks)
       • The availability of trade items
       • The demand for goods.
       • Existence of enterprising merchants.
       • The accessibility of the coast.
       • Existence of local trade.
       • There was political stability.
       • Existence of natural harbours
       • The occurrence of monsoon winds.
         (Any 3x1 =3 marks)
    2. What reasons led to the decline of the Portuguese rule along the Kenyan coast   during the 17^th century (12 marks)
       • The coastal city states organized constant rebellions against the Portuguese.
       • The Portuguese administrators were corrupt/misused the funds meant to finance the administration.
       • Portugal was too small to provide enough soldiers and administrators to control the whole of its empire far away
       • Malindi, their traditional ally refused to support the Portuguese because they were cruel to them.
       • Decline of the Indian ocean trade since it was the main source of income for the empire.
       • The annexation of Portugal by Spain weakened Portuguese control of the coast.]Intense commercial rivalry from the Dutch, the British and the French reduced the Portuguese source of revenue.
       • The defeat and departure of Fort Jesus by the Omani Arabs brought Portuguese rule to an end.
         (Any 6x2=12 marks)

19.  
    1. State three reasons which made the British government encourage white settlement in Kenya during the colonial period (3 marks)
       • To carry out farming in order to meet the administration of the colony.
       • The climate of the white highlands was suitable for white settlement.
       • The whites would be loyal to the colonial government as opposed to the Africans.
       • There were large tracts of seemingly unutilized land.
       • The settlers were to carry out farming in order to produce goods to be transported by the railway. This would help meet the cost of maintaining the railways.
       • The government did not want the Asians to take control of the colony.
         (Any 3 x 1=3 marks)
    2. Describe six problems experienced by the Eurpean settlers in Kenya during the coonial period (12 marks)
       • They were subjected to constant raids by the African whose land had been alienated.
       • They had inadequate labour force as many Africans refused to work for them.
       • The settlers lacked essential agricultural skills as many had not practiced farming before.
       • They were not familiar with the seasons and therefore could not predict when and what to plant.
       • They had inadequate capital to invest in farming.
       • They were unable to market their produce during the world wars.
       • The economic depression affected the market prices.
       • There was high cost of production due to animal and crop diseases.
       • There was inadequate transport and communication network which affected the movement of people and goods.                        
         (Any 6x2=12 marks)

20.  
    1. Identify thre trade unions which joined to form the Kenya Federationof Labour during the struggle for independence in Kenya (3 marks)
       • Local Government Workers Union.
       • Domestic and Hotel Workers Union.
       • East African Federation of Building and Construction Workers Union.
       • Transport and Allied Workers Union.
       • Garments Workers Union.
         (Any 3x1=3 marks)
    2. Explain the role played by trade unions to improve the lives of the people of Kenya during the colonial period (12 marks)
       • They aired the grievances of the workers to the employers/colonial government.
       • They managed to achieve better conditions for the workers through strikes and collective bargaining.
       • They achieved better wages for Africans and Asians under the colonial government.
       • They enlisted the support of the international community and alerted it of the oppression experienced under the colonial government.
       • They educated people on their political rights through seminars and public meetings.
       • They opposed racial discrimination/colour bar among the workers to enhance unity.
       • Trade Unions provided training ground for national leaders who took part in the struggle for independence.
       • They assisted and supported those who struggled for independence.
       • They provided an alternative forum for independence struggle after the banning of political organizations by the colonial government.
         (Any 6x2=12 marks)

21.  
    1. State five reasons why the government of Kenya adopted the sessional Paper No. 10 of 1965.         (5 marks)
       • To ensure equal opportunities for all citizens.
       • To promote democracy.
       • To ensure that resources are used for the benefit of society and its members.
       • To encourage various forms of ownership of property.
       • To promote freedom from disease, ignorance and of poverty
       • To promote freedom of conscience and human dignity.
         (Any 5x1 = 5 marks)
    2. Explain the social effects of the national philosophies on development in Kenya.         (10 marks)
       • The philosophies have encouraged cooperation/unity/understanding among Kenyans.
       • They have encouraged Kenyans to actively participate in development projects.
       • Through the philosophies, education has been promoted by building schools, colleges and universities.
       • The philosophies have encouraged mutual social responsibility among Kenyans.
       • The philosophies have helped improve medical services, by constructing dispensaries, health centres and hospitals.
       • The plight of the disadvantaged people has been addressed by the philosophies through organizing harambees to assist them.
       • The philosophies have promoted African culture through borrowing of positive African traditions.
       • The philosophies have promoted spiritual wellbeing through building of churches.
         (Any 5x2=10 marks)
         
         SECTION C (30 marks)
         Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided
22.  
    1. State three circumstances that can make a Kenyan citizen to be denied the right to life. (3 marks)
       • When defending one self/property.
       • When effecting a lawful arrest.
       • When preventing escape of a lawfully detained person.
       • When preventing a person from committing a crime/felony.
       • In a situation of war.
       • When suppressing a riot/rebellion/mutiny.
         Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Explain six civic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. (12 marks)
       • A responsible citizen pays tax to enable the government meet its financial obligation.
       • To participate in community development activities to improve the welfare of people in the community.
       • To participate in the democratic process by electing leaders/being elected to ensure good governance.
       • To obey laws so as to enhance peace in the society.
       • Takes care of the environment in order to promote healthy living.
       • Prevents/fights corruption to promote proper utilization of resources by all.
       • Promotes/protects the rights and freedom of all people in society for harmonious co- existence.
       • Promotes the rule of law by reporting wrong doers/law breakers to the police.
       • Participate in National debates.
         Any 6 x 2 =12 marks

23.  
    1. What is the importance of the rule of Law in Kenya? (3 marks)
       • It protects rights of individuals/ groups
       • It spells out of conduct/ responsibilities among people
       • It promotes fairness in the administration of justice/ equality before the law.
       • It creates peace and order in society
       • It gives direction on what is right or wrong
         (Any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
    2. Describe six functions of the High Court of Kenya (12 marks)
       • To hear cases that cannot be heard by the lower courts
       • It listens to appeals from the lower courts when the parties involved arenot satisfied.
       • It correct/ amends irregularities in decisions made by lower courts
       • It hears cases that carry death sentences/ involves large sums of money
       • It deals with cases involvement land/ succession disputes
       • It deals with disputes that take place outside Kenya’s territorial waters/maritime
       • It hears appeals from decisions made by professional disciplinary
       • tribunals involving advocates of the high court and other members of the profession
       • It acts as a constitutional court by determining whether a case brought before it is constitutional or unconstitutional
       • It listens to appeals from special courts when the parties are not satisfied with the decisions made.
       • (Any 6 x 2 = 12 mks).
24.  
    1. State five reasons that may lead to a presidential by – election in Kenya (5 marks)
       • President’s election may be nullified by court due to electron offences
       • The serving president may die while in power
       • The president may resign
       • If the president becomes physically/ mentally incapacitated
       • Parliament may pass a vote of no confidence in the president/ government
       • If the serving president deserts/ defects from the party that sponsored her/him to parliament
       • If the serving president ceases to be a Kenyan citizen
         (Any 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
    2. Explain five functions of the speaker of the National Assembly in Kenya (10 marks)
       • Chairs parliamentary sessions during which he invites members of parliament to contribute to motions/ debates
       • He maintains order by enforcing standing orders/ rules
       • He gives permission to members who wish to be absent for eight consecutive sittings
       • Swears in members of parliament after election before they can participate in proceedings
       • He is in charge of the general administration of the National Assembly
       • He chairs the standing order committee which interprets the standing orders of the National Assembly.
       • He declares parliamentary seats vacant in order to pave way for general and by elections
       • He receives and accepts letters of resignation from members of parliament
       • who have left/ defected to other parties
       • He chairs the parliamentary service commission which looks after the
       • welfare of the members
       • He represents parliament in international for dealing with matters of common interest.
         (Any 5 x 2 = 10 mks)