HISTORY PAPER 2 - 2019 KCSE STAREHE MOCK EXAMS (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer ALL questions in section A, THREE questions from section B, and   TWO questions from section C.
• Candidates may be penalized for not following the instructions.

SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.

1. Give two sources of information in history and government. (2 marks)
2. State two methods used by Early Man to find food during the Stone Age period.(2 marks)

3. Give the main reason why early agriculture developed in Egypt. (1 mark)
4. Identify two early sources of energy. (2 marks)
5. State one disadvantage of using a messenger to pass on information. (1mark)
6. State the main advantage of using air transport. (1 mark)
7. Identify the main method of trade in Africa during the pre- colonial period.(1 mark)

8. Identify one reason that led to the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre.(1 mark)

9. State the role of the ‘golden stool’ in the Asante Kingdom during the 19th century.(1 mark)

10. Identify the two European powers that acquired colonies in East Africa.(2 marks)

11. Give one reason why the Lozi collaborated with the British during the colonization of Africa. (1 mark)
12. Give two results of the French assimilation policy in Senegal. (2 marks)
13. Identify the immediate cause of the First World War. (1 marks)
14. State the main reason why nationalism developed in Ghana during the colonial rule.(1 mark)

15. State two duties of the United Nations Secretariat. (2 marks)
16. Give two achievements of the commonwealth. (2 marks)
17. Identify two types of democracy. (2 marks)

SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer any THREE questions from this section in the answer booklet provided

18.  
    1. State three ways in which people in developing countries are affected by food  shortages. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six ways that the developing countries can use to reduce the problem of food shortages.  (12 marks)

19.  
    1. Identify the three types of trade. (3 marks)
    2. Describe the organization of the Trans – Saharan trade.                     (12 marks)

20.  
    1. Outline five European activities in Africa during the 19th century. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th Century. (l0 marks)

21.  
    1. Give the reasons why it look long for Mozambique to achieve independence from Portugal. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six factors that favoured the success of FRELIMO nationalists during their struggle for independence in Mozambique.   (12 marks)

SECTION C (30 marks)
Answer any TWO questions from this section in the answer booklet provided

22.  
    1. State the role played by the United States of America in ending the Second World War. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six causes of the cold war after 1945.                                   (12 marks)

23.  
    1. Identify three duties performed by the Secretary-General of the new east African Community established in 2001.       (3 marks)
    2. Explain six benefits of the new East African Community established in 2001.(12marks)

24.  
    1. Identify three circumstances that may make the vice president assume presidency in India. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six functions of the president in India.                                  (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Answer ALL the questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.

1. Give two sources of information in history and government (2mks)
   • Archaeology / paleontology.
   • Oral tradition, Linguistics.
   • Anthropology
   • Genetics / Botany / Zoology / Biology
   • Written records,
   • Electronic sources. (Any 2 × 1 = 2mks)

2. State two methods used by Early Man to find food during the Stone Age period.(2mks)
   • Hunting   
   • Gathering
   • Farming
   • Fishing (Any 2 × 1 = 2mks)
3. Give the main reason why early agriculture developed in Egypt (1mks)
   • Availability of water from the River Nile
   • The River Nile also brought rich fertile silt from the highlands. (Any 1 × 1 = 1mk)
4. Identify two early sources of energy.
   • Wind
   • Water
   • Wood
   • Sun
   • Animals / man (Any 2 × 1 = 2mks)
5. State one disadvantage of using a messenger to pass on information (1mk)
   • It is slow
   • One can give the wrong message or forget the message.
   • One can die on the way
   • A person carrying verbal message can be tortured to reveal it. (Any 1 × 1 = 1mk)
6. State the main advantage of using air transport. (1mk)
   • It is the quickest in terms of speed.
7. Identify the main method of trade in Africa during the pre- colonial period. (1mk)
   • Barter
8. Identify one reason that led to the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre.
   • The rise of Axum Kingdom which developed East of Merowe denied Merowe access to the red sea causing decline in trade.
   • The king of Axum subdued and destroyed Merowe in 350 A.D
   • Desertification due to deforestation led to decline of food supply for her people.
   • Deforestation caused the decline of food supply for her people.
     (Any 1 × 1 = 1mk)

9. State the role of the ‘golden stool’ in the Asante Kingdom during the 19th century. (1mk)
   • It was the symbol of unity within the Asante Empire.
10. Identify the two European powers that acquired colonies in East Africa. (2mks)
    • Britain
    • Germany
11. Give one reason why the Lozi collaborated with the British during the colonization of Africa. (1mks)
    • Lewanika collaborated with the British in order to protect his Kingdom against the Germans and Portuguese / European enemies.
    • Lewanika desired Western education and civilization and wanted the British to introduce it in his country / wanted his son to be educated.
    • Lewanika wanted the British to protect him against his internal enemies e.g. in 1884 Lewanika faced an internal rebellion / safeguard his position.
    • Lewanika who had already sought British protection against the Boers.
    • Lewanika saw the futility of resisting a strong power like Britain, so he chose to collaborate.  
    • Lewanika wanted the British to protect his kingdom from attacks by other African communities such as the Ndebele and Shona / African enemies.
    • Lewanika was influenced by the European missionaries who had visited earlier to collaborate.
    • In order to preserve the economic structure of his people.
    • Desire for the promotion of trade between Britain and his people.
      (Any 1 × 1 = 1mk)

12. Give two results of the French assimilation policy in Senegal. (2mks)
    • All colonies were subjected to the same law.
    • Racial discrimination was minimal in the colonies.
    • It undermined African culture.
    • French goods and modern ways spread in West Africa.
    • Educated African spearheaded nationalism in Africa.
    • Africans were represented by deputies in the National Assembly.
      (Any 2 × 1 = 2mks)

13. Identify the immediate cause of the First World War. (1mks)
    • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife in Sarjevo.
14. State the main reason why nationalism developed in Ghana during the colonial rule. (1mks)
    • Loss of independence
    • Exploitation of African resources e.g. land and minerals.
    • Western education. (Any 1 × 1 = 1mk)

15. State two duties of the United Nations Secretariat. (2mks)
    • Register treaties
    • Publishing reports
    • Interpret speeches and translate documents into the UN’S official languages.
    • Implement policies
    • Bring to the attention of the Security Council any problem that threatens international peace.
    • Administer peace keeping operating and mediate international dispute.
      (Any 2 × 1 = 2mks)

16. Give two achievements of the commonwealth. (2mks)
    • Member states have received technical know – how through the provision of experts and advisers in various field e.g. agriculture.
    • The developing member states of the organization have acquired skilled man power through the provision of scholarships and training programmes by the developed member states of the organization.
    • Members states have conducted trade among themselves with relative ease.
    • There has been cultural interaction among member states e.g. games& exchange programmes.
    • The developed member state have provided financial aid to the developing member states.
    • The organization has provided a forum for member states to air their views with one voice on international issues.
    • The organization had provided a mechanism of maintaining peace among member states, e.g. the common wealth eace keeping force which was sent to Zimbabwe.
    • It has promoted friendship and understanding among members states through conference.
    • It had enhanced democratization process in developing countries by sending observers to monitor elections. (Any 2 × 1 = 2mks)
17. Identify two types of democracy. (2mks)
    • Direct or pure democracy – This is where the people in a state are allowed to freely participate in an important decision making forums that pertain matters of the state.
    • Indirect or representative Democracy – This is where citizens exercise their right in decision making through their chosen representatives.

SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section in the answer booklet provided

18.  
    1. State three ways in which people in developing countries are affected by food shortages. (3mks)
       • It has led to deaths of hundreds of people due to famine.
       • Increased suffering as many people die due to famine
       • It had caused migration of people affected by food shortage.
       • It affects agricultural based industries. (Any 3 x 1 =3 marks)
    2. Explain six ways that the developing countries can use to reduce the problem of food shortages. (12mks)
       • Land reclamation through irrigation or draining swamps.
       • Extensive research on better quality animal and crop breeds and on how to control pests and diseases.        
       • Establishment of agricultural training institutes to train agricultural officers.
       • Soil conservation and restoration as well a forestation and re- a forestation.
       • Encouraging people to eat different types of food especially indigenous foods.
       • Control the rate of population growth through family planning.
       • Use of democracy and diplomacy to solve political problems.            
       • The governments are trying to subsidize by providing farmers with seeds and tools (Any 6 x 2 = 12 marks)

19.  
    1. Identify the three types of trade. (3mks)
       • Local trade
       • Regional trade
       • International trade.
    2. Describe the organization of the Trans – Saharan trade. (12mks)
       • It involved traders from North Africa and people of North Africa   and people of West Africa.
       • The people involved were Arabs and Berbers from the North, Tauregs from the desert and the people of West Africa.
       • Arabs in the North organized the caravans. Preparations were made in advance to have enough goods, food especially indigenous foods.
       • Departure dates were set after the end of the rainy season when the storms were minimal.
       • The Berbers and Tauregs acted as guides and provided security in the desert.
       • The traders moved in caravans of up 1000 camels for security in the desert.
       • In the south the traders stayed for up to three months selling goods.
       • If they had not finished selling the goods by the end of the tree months they hired local agents to continue selling goods and buying others on their behalf.
       • The local agents also maintained good relations with local rulers by giving them gifts and paying tribute.
       • In return the local rulers offered security to the traders. They also regulated the precaution and supply of gold.
       • From the North they brought salt, copper, needles, spices, beds, grass ware horses, clothes , daggers, firearms e.t.c.
       • There were several trade routes that were used by the traders e.g. the Western route, central and eastern route. (Any 6 x 2 =12 marks)

20.  
    1. Outline five European activities in Africa during the 19th century. (5 marks)
       • Were involved in trade
       • Were spreading Christianity
       • Were involved in exploration
       • Were establishing settlements
       • Were signing imperial treaties/establishing colonial rule
       • Were mining
       • Were involved in farming
       • Were involved in stamping out slave trade
       • Were involved in spreading Western education (Any 5 x 1 =5 marks)
    2. Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th Century. (l0 marks)
       • Many lives were lost due to the protracted war between the two groups
       • There was destruction of property as the mandinka were disrupted/weakened rendering them ineffective in discharging their duties/loss of traditional leadership
       • The Mandinka experienced famine as most of the people were engaged inthe war at the expense of farming activities
       • Many people were displaced by the war thereby becoming refugees in the neighbouring states
       • The war created suffering/misery among the people leading to a state of despair
       • Samoure Toure was captured and deported to Gabon
       • The mandinka economic activities were destructed e.g. Mining, trade
       • It laid down the ground for Afriican nationalism
         (Any 5 x 2= 10mks)

21.  
    1. Give the reasons why it look long for Mozambique to achieve independence from Portugal
       • Portugal was reluctant to part with the economic wealth of Mozambique
       • Portugal was ruled by kings who had no regard for human rights
       • Portugal regarded Mozambique as one of its provinces and not a colony
       • Portugal had succeed in suppressing revolts by Africans before nationalism took root in Mozambique
       • Lack of unity among African until 1960’s
       • Illiteracy among Africans in Mozambique
         (Any 3 x 1= 3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that favoured the success of FRELIMO nationalists during their struggle for independence in Mozambique
       • Use of Guerilla tactics to attack the Portuguese from different parts of country strained colonial resources.
       • The local population was recruited in the army which outnumbered the Portuguese forces
       • Mozambique was highly forested thus provided good cover for the guerrilla fighters from Portuguese war planes
       • FRELIMO fighters were working on familiar ground/ Terrain
       • The Frelimo nationalists cultivated their own food thus being self-sufficient in food supplies
       • The nationalist were aided financially, materially and morally by communist countries which enabled them to continue with the struggle
       • Support by the organization of African Unity (OAU) inspired the nationalists to keep on the struggle
       • The practice of Frelimo of setting up administrative structures in Liberated areas encouraged the Africans in Mozambique to support the struggle
       • The recognition of the role of women helped the nationalist to mobilize the communities to support the struggle.
       • Elimination of ethic difference appealed to all the Mozambicans to join   in the common cause/ they were united.
       • The Frelimo leaders were well organized./ co- ordinated the struggle effectively
       • Frelimo fighters received constant flour of information about the movement of the Portuguese troops. (Any 6 x 2 =12 marks)

SECTION C (30 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided

22.  
    1. State the role played by the United States of America in ending the Second World War. (3 marks)
       • Provided modern military equipment to the allied forces;
       • Gave financial support to the allied forces;
       • Provided military personnel to the allied powers;
       • USA blockaded the Panama Canal against the axis powers; and
       • She dropped atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki which forced Japan to surrender.
         (Any 3x1=3 marks)
    2. Explain six causes of the cold war after 1945.       (12 marks)
       • Arms race- the disagreements between the Soviet Union and the United States of America over reduction of arms led to arms race.
       • The occupation of Eastern Europe by Soviet Union caused feat among U.S.A and its allies in Western Europe/iron curtain policy.
       • Ideology - The ideological differences pursued by the U.S.A and U.S.S.R created mistrust/suspicion among the m leading to hostility.
       • The domination of both United Nations by United States of America and her allies was checked by U.S.S.R through the use of her veto power thus increasing the tension.
       • The involvement of both United States of America and U.S.S.R. in European conflicts in the late 1940s created tension among them.
       • Marshal plan - America's marshal plan to revive European economies after the war made U.S.S.R. to counteract by forming a similar one, thus enhancing tension.
       • Formation of military alliance/N.A.T.O by United States of America and her allies led to U.S.S.R. and her allies to form a similar alliance, thus intensifying the rivalry.
       • Berlin war - Construction of Berlin War by U.S.S.R. in Germany to block Western influenced led to increased tension.
         (Any 6 x 2= 12 marks)

23.  
    1. Identify three duties performed by the Secretary-General of the new east African Community established in 2001.       (3 marks)
       • Is the head of secretariat
       • authorizes expenditure on behalf of the members
       • summit/take minutes
       • keeps the records of the proceedings
       • Implements decisions adopted by East African Community Summit
       • prepares agenda for meetings.
         (Any 3 x 1=3 marks)
    2. Explain six benefits of the new East African Community established in 2001.(12 marks)
       • There is a wider market for different types of goods produced by each member state.
       • The citizens of member states buy goods at fair prices due to low tariffs levied on goods.
       • Opening of border/establishing a common visa has boosted free movement of people within the region/East Africa passport.
       • The community provides a forum for heads of states to discuss issues harmoniously thus promoting mutual understanding/co-operation/friendship.
       • There are employment opportunities for people of member countries in the established common services.
       • Establishment of the common market creates room for enhanced economic development of member countries/spurs greater industrial growth.
       • The member countries are working together towards establishing East African Federation in order to apply common laws.
       • There is improvement in transport and communication network to facilitate the movement of people and goods.
         (Any 6 x 2= 12 marks)

24.  
    1. Identify three circumstances that may make the vice president assume presidency in India. (3 marks)
       • When the sitting president dies
       • If the president becomes incapacitated
       • When the president resigns
       • When the president is removed/impeached. (Any 3x1 =3 marks)
    2. Explain six functions of the president in India. (12 marks)
       • He/She dissolves elections of the lowerhouse of parliament
       • The presidents assents/vetoes ills that have been passed by parliament
       • The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces
       • The president appoints state governors/attorney general/Supreme court judges
       • The president declares a state of emergency when national security is threatened
       • The president appoints the prime minister on advice of parliament/calls leaders of winning party to form government
       • He/She is a symbol of unity
       • establishes special council to arbitrate on interstate disputes
       • Nominates tweve members of the council of states/upper house/rajjasabha
       • Is the leader of the political party that nominates him for elections
       • He/she pardons offenders
       • He/she makes regulations for certain union territories
         (Any 6 x 2 =12 marks)