History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Nyeri Mocks 2021 Exams

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INSTRUCTIONS

  1. Answer all the questions in section A
  2. Answer three questions in section B
  3. Answer two questions in section C.


QUESTIONS

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)

  1. State one limitation of Oral Tradition as a source of information on History and Government (1 mark)
  2. Give two reasons why Africa and especially East Africa is regarded as the Cradle of Mankind. (2 marks)
  3. Identify one sub-species of Homo Sapiens (1 mark)
  4. State two ways in which Agrarian Revolution in Britain affected the peasants (2)
  5. Give two advantages of using metal tools over stone tools. (2 marks)
  6. State one result of the invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia. (1 mark)
  7. State two roles played by the Tuaregs during the Trans-Saharan trade. (2 marks)
  8. Identify two characteristics of Macadamized roads. (2 marks)
  9. Identify two factors that led to the growth of Meroe as an urban centre. (2 marks)
  10. Identify one way in which the industrial Revolution contributed to European expansion in Africa. (1 mark)
  11. State one use of Bronze in ancient Benin. (1 mark)
  12. Give two functions of the Buganda Traditional Parliament (Lukiiko) (2 marks)
  13. State how Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa. (1 mark)
  14. Identify two terms of the treaty signed between Lobengula and Charles Rudd of the British South African Company representative. (2 marks)
  15. State how arms race contributed to the outbreak of the First World War. (1 mark)
  16. What was the main event that provoked U.S.A. to enter into the Second World War? (1 mark)
  17. Give the main reason why the League of Nations was formed in 1919. (1 mark)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.

  1.                    
    1. Identify five ways in which homo Erectus attempted to improve his way of life. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five ways through which the development of early agriculture changed the lives of early man. (10 marks)
  2.              
    1. State five characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five effects of Scientific development on medicine. (10 marks)
  3.                  
    1. List down three economic activities of the Shona. (3 marks)
    2. Describe social organization of the Shona. (12 marks)
  4.                  
    1. Name three political parties that struggled for independence in Ghana. (3)
    2. Explain six factors that led to the rise of Nationalism in Ghana. (12 marks)

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.

  1.                  
    1. Give five weapons used in the cold war. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors for the decline of the cold war. (10 marks)
  2.                
    1. Give three duties performed by the Secretary General of the New East African Community. (3 marks)
    2. Discuss six challenges facing Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (12 marks)
  3.                
    1. How are the powers of the President of the United State of America checked. (5 marks)
    2. What are the functions of the Monarch in Britain? (10 marks)


MARKING SCHEME

  1. One limitation of oral tradition. (1 mark)
    • The information may be biased
    • The information may be distorted or exaggerated
    • It is difficult to give the correct dates and chronological of events.
  2. Two reasons why Africa is regarded as the cradle of mankind (2 marks)
    • The presence of many archaeological sites in Africa.
    • The presence of Savanna grassland that provided food climate for early man.
    • The tropical climate was suitable for early human’s existence for it was warm.
    • Many all-season rivers that provided fresh water and trapping for wild animals.
  3. One sub-species of Homo Sapiens. (1 mark)
    • Rhodesian man
    • Neanderthal man
    • Cro-Magnon man
  4. Ways in which Agrarian Revolution in Britain affected the Peasants. (2 marks)
    • Their parcels of land were taken away from them.
    • They were made to offer labour in the farms
  5.  Two advantages of using metals tools over stone tools.
    • Metals make strong tools and weapons
    • They are more durable than stone.
    • metals are difficult to break i.e. can be made in other forms.
  6. State one result of the invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia. (1 mark)
    • It promoted early agriculture
    • It facilitated the construction of roads
    • It promoted trade
    • It enhanced transportation of people and goods.
  7. Two roles played by the Tuaregs (2 marks)
    • They protected the water points
    • Guarded the traders
    • Guided the caravans
    • They served as interpreters
    • provided accommodation to traders
  8. Two characteristics of Macadamized roads. (2 marks)
    • They were wide
    • They had a smooth surface
    • They were straight
    • They were durable
  9. Two factors that led to the growth of Meroe as an urban centre. (2 marks)
    • Iron working knowledge
    • Had fertile soils hence agriculture
    • It was located at the junction of transport routes
    • Industrial activities
    • Trade
    • Availability of sources of energy
  10. One way in which the industrial revolution contributed to European expansion in Africa. (1 mark)
    • They came to Africa in search of raw materials for their industries
    • Provision of market for manufactured goods
    • Investment
  11. State one use of Bronze in ancient Benin (1 mark)
    • Making weapons e.g. spears
    • making ornaments
    • making tools
    • making sculptures and decorations
  12. Two functions of the Buganda traditional parliament. (2 marks)
    • It was the law making body
    • they advised Kabaka
  13. How Europeans maintained peace among themselves during the partition of Africa. (1 mark)
    • Through signing of partition treaties.
  14. Two terms of the treaty signed between Lobengula and Charles Rudd the BSA Company representative. (2 marks)
    • BSA company was given exclusive rights to exploit minerals in Lonbengulas territory.
    • Lobengula was not allowed to sign any concession of land or minerals without the consent of Rhodes.
  15. How the arms race contributed to the outbreak of the First World War. (1 mark)
    • It led to a high state of military preparedness and aggressiveness, thus undermining world security thus the war.
    • Led to manufacture of more sophisticated weapons.
  16. The main event that provoked USA to enter the second world war. (1 mark)
    • The attack of the Pearl habour by Japan in 1941
  17. The main reason why the league of Nations was formed in 1919
    • To prevent the occurrence of another World War/To maintain world peace and security.
  18.                          
    1. Five ways in which Homo Erectus attempted to improve his way of life(5)
      • He improved Stone tools through use of Levallois technique
      • He invented fire for cooking, lighting, warming and protection from wild animals
      • He made/lived in caves/rock shelters for more security
      • He made clothes out of animal skins
      • He developed language for effective communication.
      • He created leisure activities such as artwork.
    2. Five ways how development of early agriculture changed lives of early man.
      • It provided man with steady supply of food
      • Population increased as people had enough food
      • It made man to live a settled life due to availability of food.
      • Agricultural supplies led to development of trade
      • It led to development of urban centres
      • It led to development of social classes
      • It led to development of secular laws/government
      • It led to development of religion which was connected to agriculture.
  19.                  
    1. The characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe. (5 marks)
      • The use of machines to replace animals and human labour
      • Development of better forms of transport
      • improved living standards
      • production of goods in large scale
      • the growth of trade unions to cater for worker’s rights
      • rise of the factory system to replace cottage industries.
    2. Effects of Scientific developments on medicine (10 marks)
      • Vaccinations have led to controlling the spread of killer diseases.
      • production of advanced medical equipment which has improved man’s life e.g. x-rays
      • It led to cleaner, safer and less painful surgical operations. E.g. computer assisted surgery.
      • The development of test tube babies through external fertilization has helped childless couples to have children.
      • It has made it possible for one to have a heart, liver and kidney transplant.
      • Life expectancy has increased of preventive and curative medicine.
  20.                
    1. Three economic activities of the Shona. (3 marks)
      • Shona practiced agriculture, growing crops such as millet, beans
      • they practised livestock keeping
      • they practised hunting and gathering
      • they practised trade with their neighbours
      • they were ironworkers and made iron spears, shields and hoes
      • they practised fishing
      • weaving
    2. Social organization of the Shona. (12 marks)
      • Shona were divided into clans with names such as monkey, leopard and elephant
      • Shona believed in existence of powerful God called Mwari
      • Shona had priest who presided over religious functions, the priest came from Rozwi clan.
      • Shona had specialist like rain makers and medicine men who treated the sick.
      • Shona believed in existence of ancestral spirits e.t. vadsimu – family spirit and uhondoro – clan spirit.
      • Shona practised both polygamous and exogamous marriage.
  21.                    
    1. Three political parties that struggled for independence in Ghana. (3 marks)
      • Convention Peoples Party (CPP)
      • United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)
      • National League of Gold Coast.
    2. Factors for Nationalisation in Ghana. (12 marks)
      • Unemployment – The colonial system of education produced many school leavers who were jobless.
      • Exploitation of local resources – The British continued to exploit Ghanaian Minerals and agricultural produce this embittering the people.
      • Many Africans were denied import and export licences in favour of whites
      • Africans were forced to cut down their cocoa trees because they were affected by the swollen shoot disease.
      • High prices of essential goods in towns.
      • Ghanians got inspiration from the Pan-African movement
      • The granting of independence of India and Pakistan inspired the nationalists in Ghana.
  22.                  
    1. Five weapons used in the cold war. (5 marks)
      • Propaganda between the super powers
      • Economic sanctions/Aid to enemy supporters
      • Military aid to enemies of the other side as was in Vietnam
      • Economic sanctions
      • Financial/Technical aid to enemy supporters
      • Boycotts e.g. Britain/USA boycotted the Olympics in Moscow.
      • The use of the Veto power by USSR to defeat policies supported by USA in the UN.
    2. Factors for the decline of the cold war. (10 marks)
      • The coming of Power of Mikhail Gorbachev as head of the USSR who was more liberal-policy of openness and restructuring USSR.
      • The collapse of communism in Eastern European that accepted western democracy.
      • Disarmament policies, baring nuclear tests in the atmosphere, strategic arms reduction treaty.
      • The dissolution of Warsaw pact in 1991 and all former soviet states joining NATO.
      • America’s diplomatic efforts under Reagan’s policy of friendship with USSR.
      • The unification of Germany after the collapse of the Berlin wall uniting the East and West Germany.
      • Russia support for Gulf War to liberate Kuwait from Iraq was a true sign of co-operation between Russia and USA that led to end the cold war.
  23.                  
    1. Three duties performed by the Secretary General of the New East African Community. (5 marks)
      • He/She is the head of the secretariat
      • Authorizes expenditure on behalf of members
      • He/She is the Secretary of the Summit/Takes minutes
      • Keeps records of the proceedings
      • Implements the decision adopted by the East Africa community summit.
      • Prepares agenda for meeting.
    2. Six challenges facing the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (12 marks)
      • Poor state of communication and transport infrastructure in the region hampers smooth running of the organization.
      • Border conflicts among member states
      • Ideological differences between various leaders have led to suspicion and mistrust among the members
      • Divided loyalty and commitment due to membership in other organizations.
      • Sharp division between the Francophone and Anglophone states in terms of administrative approach and language.
      • Political instability which hinder peace in the region
      • Member states fail to remit their annual payments contribution regularly and this weekend the organization.
  24.                  
    1. How the powers of the president of the USA checked. (5 marks)
      • Presidential nominees must be approved by the USA congress
      • The president can be impeached by the congress if his conduct is unconstitutional.
      • the president serves for a maximum of two-four year term of office.
      • The supreme court may declare an action or decision of the president to be unconstitutional
      • The mass media checks the powers of the president by closely monitoring his action and speeches
      • Congress approves government expenditure for foreign policy e.g. war.
    2. The functions of the Monarch in Britain (10 marks)
      • Inviting the leader of the party with majority votes in the House of commons to form a government.
      • Summons and opens the new British parliament
      • Gives royal assents to bills before a bill becomes a law in Britain.
      • the monarch is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces in Britain.
      • Monarch is legal head of State in Britain.
      • He/She approves all appointments to important state officers.
      • The Monarch is the symbolic head of common wealth.
      • Appoints the Archbishop of the Church of England
      • Represents the country in International forums
      • Grants honours to deserving persons in Britain.
      • Exercises a prerogative of mercy and pardons convicted criminals in Britain.
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