History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Eagle II Joint 2021 Mock Exams

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INSTRUCTIONS

  • This paper consists of three sections: section A, B and C.
  • Answer ALL questions in section A, ANY THREE questions in section B and ANY TWO in section C.
  • ALL answers in English.

SECTION A 25 MARKS (answer all the questions)

  1. Define pre-history. 1mk
  2. Identify two contributions of archaeology to the study of history and government. 2mks
  3. Identify two ways in which early man evaded predators. 2mks
  4. Name two archaeological sites in Uganda. 2mks
  5. Identify two theories that explain the origin of agriculture. 2mks
  6. State two challenges encountered by immigrant in United States of America during the pioneer years of agrarian revolution. 2mks
  7. Give two methods of trade. 2mks
  8. Identify two trade items from West Africa during trans-Atlantic trade. 2mks
  9. Name two traditional forms of transport. 2mks
  10. Identify the inventor of a cellphone. 1mk
  11. Give one early source of energy. 1mk
  12. Identify the name given to god by the Asante. 1mk
  13. Identify one type of treaty signed by the Europeans during the scramble and partition of Africa. 1mk
  14. Identify one country in West Africacolonized by the British. 1mk
  15. Give the immediate cause of World War 1. 1mk
  16. Highlight one alliance formed by the Europeans during the World War 1. 1mk
  17. Identify one specialized agency of the League of Nations. 1mk

SECTION B 45 MARKS (answer any three questions)

  1.  
    1. State five disadvantage of hunting as an economic activity of early man. 5mks
    2. Describe the way of life of man in the late Stone Age period. 10mks
  2.  
    1. Give five trade good obtained from western Sudan belt during the TransSahara trade.   5mks
    2. Explain five factor that led to the growth and development of TransSahara trade.   10mks
  3.  
    1. Identify five methods used by European to acquire colonies in Africa. 5mks
    2. Explain five reasons why African communities were defeated in MajiMaji rebellion.  10mks
  4.  
    1. Name five key South African nationalists in their struggle for independence. 5mks
    2. Explain five challenges faced by nationalist in South Africa. 10mks

SECTION C 30 MARKS (answer any two questions)

  1.  
    1. Give three functions of Lukiiko in the Buganda kingdom. 3mks
    2. Describe the political organization of the Shona in the pre-colonial period. 12mks
  2.  
    1. Mention three administrative systems employed by the Europeans in Africa. 3mks
    2. Explain six reasons why the policy of assimilation failed. 12mks
  3.  
    1. State three factors that made USA initially neutral in World War 1 up to 1917. 3mks
    2. Explain six negative effects of World War 1. 12mks

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A 25 MARKS (answer all the questions)

  1. Define pre-history.
    1. It is the unrecorded/ unwritten history.
    2. It is the unrecorded/ unwritten activities of man before written and drawing was invented. First 1x1= 1mk
  2. Identify two contributions of archaeology to the study of history and government.
    1. It reconstructs pre-history.
    2. It gives information on material culture of man.
    3. It give the culture of ancient man.
    4. It compliment other sources of information. First 2x1= 2mks
  3. Identify two ways in which man evaded predators.
    1. Climbing on tree.
    2. Lighting fire on the entrance of the cave.2x1 = 2mks
  4. Name two archaeological sites in Uganda.
    1. Nsongezi.
    2. Napak
    3. Magosi.
    4. Paraa.
    5. Mweya.
    6. Nyabusora.
    7. Ishango. First 2x1 =2mks
  5. Identify two theories that explain the origin of agriculture.
    1. One area/ diffusion theory.
    2. Independent area theory. 2x1 = 2mks
  6. State two challenges encountered by immigrant in United States of America during the pioneer years of agrarian revolution.
    1. Diseases that claimed many lives affected them.
    2. The American Indians were hostile to the immigrants.
    3. They lacked the knowledge on the suitable crops for the area also led to heavy losses. First 2x1 =2mks
  7. Give two methods of trade.
    1. Barter trade.
    2. Currency trade. 2x1 =2mks
  8. Identify two trade items from West Africa during trans-Atlantic trade.
    1. Slaves.
    2. Ivory.
    3. Gold.
    4. Pepper.
    5. Hides and skin.
    6. Gum.
    7. Bee wax.
    8. Ginger.
    9. Rice. First 2x1 =2mks
  9. Name two traditional forms of transport.
    1. land transport
    2. water transport 2x1 =2mks
  10. Identify the inventor of a cellphone.
    1. Dr. Martin cooper. 1x1 =1mk
  11. Give one early source of energy.
    1. Wind.
    2. Water.
    3. Wood. First 1x1 =1mk
  12. Identify the name given to god by the Asante.
    1. Nyame 1x1 =1mk
  13. Identify one type of treaty signed by the Europeans during the scramble and partition of Africa.
    1. Protection treaties- between African leader and British official.
    2. Partition treaties- between European e.g. berlin conference.First 1x1= 1mk
  14. Identify one country in West Africa colonized by the British.
    1. Nigeria.
    2. Gold coast/ Ghana.
    3. Gabon.
    4. Sierra Leone. First 1x1 =1mk
  15. Give the immediate cause of World War 1.
    1. Assassination at Sarajevo/ assassination of ArchdukeFranz Ferdinand and wife Sophie. 1x1= 1mk
  16. Highlight one alliance formed by the Europeans the World War 1.
    1. Triple alliance/ central powers.
    2. Triple entente/ allied powers.First 1x1 =1mk
  17. Identify one specialized agency of the League of Nations.
    1. International labour committee.
    2. Health organization. WHO under UN.
    3. Refugee’s organization. UNHCR under UN First 1x1 = 1mK

SECTION B 45 MARKS (answer any three questions)

  1.  
    1. State five disadvantage of hunting as an economic activity.
      1. It is difficult to spot/ locate animals/ unreliable source of food.
      2. Animals were a threat to man/ dangerous to human being/ insecure.
      3. Hunting was tiresome and cumbersome.
      4. Hunting was time consuming.
      5. Animals ran faster than man.
      6. It required many people.
      7. it is affected by weather conditions e.g. rain
        First 5x1 = 5mks
    2. Describe the way of life of man in the late Stone Age period.
      1. Man made advanced tool called Microlith tools.
      2. Man continued to hunt and gather for food.
      3. He started to domesticate plants and animals.
      4. Man lived in rock shelters/ caves and built simple structure/ huts using sticks, mud and grass and tree branches.
      5. Social life-the lived in groups of up to 1000 people/in villages.
      6. Man developed speech/ language of communication/ spoken language.
      7. Man wore clothes made of animal skin and natural fibre.
      8. Hedecorated his body using red ochre/
      9. Practiced rock art/ painting.
      10. Man developed religion i.e. started to bury the dead.
      11. He started to formulate laws/ development of government.
        Any 5x2= 10mks
  2.  
    1. Give five trade good obtained from western Sudan belt during the Trans Sahara trade.
      1. Gold.
      2. Slaves.
      3. Ivory.
      4. Kolanuts.
      5. Hides and skins.
      6. Gum.
      7. Dyed clothes.
      8. Ostrich feathers.
      9. Pepper.
        First 5x1 = 5mks
    2. Explain five factor that led to the growth and development of Trans Sahara trade.
      1. Existenceof local trade in Western Africa and North Africa among the Berbers and the Tueregs.
      2. Availability of capital provided by the Berbers and Tuereg merchants from the north.
      3. Existence of various commodities of trade e.g. gold and slave from West Africa and salts and horses from North Africa.
      4. Existenceof security provided the Tueregs.
      5. High demand of good from the western Sudan belt among the North Africa and similarly to the people of western Sudan valued goods from North Africa.
      6. Existence of pack animals such as horses and camels that facilitate transportation of goods from North Africa and vice versa.
      7. Existence of well-established trade route.
      8. There existed a lot of cooperation between the Berbers and the Tueregs/ tukshifts who guided the caravans.
      9. Existence of strong kingdoms and kings e.g. Mausa Musa of Mali and Askia Mohamed of Songhai who provided security to traders.
      10. Some activities outside the continent also favored e.g. increase in contact between North Africa, south Europe and Middle East.
        First5x2=10mks
  3.  
    1. Identify five methods used by European to acquire colonies in Africa.
      1. Signing of treaties/ diplomacy.
      2. Military conquest/ use of force.
      3. Divide –and-rule tactic.
      4. Luring/ enticing of African chief with gifts.
      5. Treachery.
      6. Company rule.
        5x1 =5mks
    2. Explain five reasons why African communities were defeated in Maji Maji rebellion.
      1. The Germans had superior weapons e.g. gun compared to Africans.
      2. The ‘magic water” failed to protect Africans; most of the warriors were killed.
      3. Luck of unity among fighting groups/ African communities e.g. Mutumbi revolted even before other groups.
      4. The capture and execution of African leaders including Kinjeketile and Mpanda demoralized the warriors.
      5. Some Africans either collaborated with the Germans against their follow Africans or did not join the war.
      6. The Germans received reinforcement in form of weapons and mercenary soldiers from Somalia, Sudan, New Guinea and Germany.
      7. Severe famine and starvation in the region in 1907 worsened the situation.
      8. Germans had larger force compared to the few African soldiers who were ill prepared.
        First 5x2 =10mks
  4.  
    1. Name five key South African nationalists in their struggle for independence.
      1. Nelson Mandela.
      2. Robert Mangaliso. Subukwe.
      3. ChiefAlbert Luthuli.
      4. Archbishop Desmond tutu.
      5. Steve Biko.
      6. Walter Sizulu.
      7. Rev. John Dube.
      8. Oliver Thambo.
        First 5x1 =5mks
    2. Explain five challenges faced by nationalist in South Africa.
      1. Many of the nationalist were killed by the adamant regime e.g. Steve Biko.
      2. Harassment from security agents e.g. being arrested and jailed e.g. Mandela, Sizulu, Thambo and Subukwe.
      3. Many of the nationalists were forced to flee the country and sought refuge in other African countries e.g. Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania.
      4. African political parties were outlawed/ banned and nationalist persecuted e.g. in 1961 ANC, PAC and communist parties were banned.
      5. African journalists were harassed and their newspapers proscribed by the government.
      6. Trade unionists and other African leaders were perpetually intimidated by security agents e.g. being trailed by the security officer.
      7. The apartheid regime in South Africa employed the divide-and-rule tactics to divide Africans e.g. establishment of Bantustans (African homelands) was such effort.
      8. The pass law was used to curtail the freedom of movement of SouthAfricannationalists’ e.g. native act 1952 require Africans to carry passes at all time.
        First 5x2= 10mks

SECTION C 30 MARKS (answer any two questions)

  1.  
    1. Give three functions of Lukiiko in the Buganda kingdom.
      1. They advise Kabaka mainly on matters affecting the kingdom.
      2. Represent the people’s concerns and needs to Kabaka.
      3. Direct the collection of taxes in the kingdom.
      4. They act as final court of appeal/ settle disputes.
      5. Help Kabaka in general administration.
      6. To formulate/ make laws.
        First 5x1 = 5mks
    2. Describe the political organization of the Shona in the pre-colonial period.
      1. They had centralized system of government ruled by an emperor/ king Mwene Mutapa who was the head of state.
      2. The emperor’s position was hereditary.
      3. The emperor was assisted by many officials i.e. the queen mother, queen sister, emperor nine wives, arms commander.
      4. There was also an advisory council made of the kings of Guruuswa, Mbire, Utere, Burue and Manyika to advise the emperor.
      5. They had a strong standing army to defend and expand the kingdom.
      6. Religion played an important role in government e.g. the clan spirits help in settling disputes within clans and national spirits were instrumental in maintenance of peace and stability within the empire.
      7. They came under the Ndebele rule by Mzilikazi when Rozwi Empire was defeated.
      8. There were vassal states rule by chief and paid tributes to the king/ emperor.
      9. The empire was divided into provinces ruled by lesser chiefs.
      10. They had symbols of unity and key was the religion (Mwari cult), others were the royal fire.
      11. The emperor controlled trade whose revenue was used to sustain the empire and army.
      12. The emperor was also a military leader.
        Any 5x2 = 10mks
  2.  
    1. Mention three administrative systems employed by the Europeans in Africa.
      1. Indirect rule.
      2. Direct rule.
      3. Assimilation.
      4. Association.
        First 3x1 = 3mks
    2. Explain six reasons why the policy of assimilation failed.
      1. The policy was expensive if strictly adhered to, especially the cost of the privileges it provided e.g. education.
      2. There was the problem of cultural difference between Africans and French.
      3. The French lacked adequate personnel to supervise the process of administration.
      4. The disregard of African laws based on African culture and Islam caused a lot of resentment.
      5. African chiefs who lost their authority over their subjects strongly opposed the policy of assimilation and French presence.
      6. The French feared that its application would result to loss of labour on their farms.
      7. Politically the system threatened the status quo. They feared that if many Africans are to join the French chamber of deputies they would soon outnumber the Frenchmen and pass laws that favor the blacks.
      8. The rise of African nationalism undermined the policy.
      9. The Frenchmen feared that the assimilated Africans would be their economic rivals.
      10. The high standards expected by French for one to be assimilated made the policy unworkable.
      11. TheFrench themselves who had used this policy were unable to agree to destroy the French colonial empire.
        First 6x2 =12mks
  3.  
    1. State three factors that made USA initially neutral in World War 1 up to 1917.
      1. The U.S.A did not want to involve herself in European affairs as per the Monroe doctrine 1823.
      2. The U.S.A was sensitive to the fact that some of her citizens were of German origin and did not want to offend them.
      3. The war had not interfered directly with U.S.Ainterest up to 1916.
      4. The U.S.A had commercial/ trade relations with both parties/ alliances.
        First 3x1 =3mks
    2. Explain six negative effects of World War 1.
      1. Many people lost their live/ many people died.
      2. Many people contracted diseases due to the war e.g. sexual transmitted diseases.
      3. Mass starvation was experienced as most of the productive people were sent to war.
      4. It led to alteration of boundaries in Europe e.g. the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) was reduced as some of her territories regained political independence.
      5. Property of immense value was destroyed e.g. cities villages, and farms.
      6. The war made U.S.A to emerge as a leading world power unlike the European powers.
      7. European domination of the oversea colonies was also severely eroded as many Indian and African returned home with revolutionary ideas especially on the need for self-determination.
      8. Huge sums of money were spend on acquisition of war related equipment e.g. guns, ammunitions.
      9. A lot of misery and suffering was experienced by millions of people over the world e.g. as the war displaced millions of people.
        First 6x2 =12mk
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