SECTION A (30 Marks)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- State four ways of controlling tsetse flies. (2mks)
- Name four breeds of dairy goats. (2mks)
- Give four characteristics of a good vaccine. (2mks)
- State four advantages of outbreeding in livestock production. (2mks)
- Give four factors that affect the quality of honey. (2mks)
- Outline three functions of calcium in the body of a dairy cow. (1 ½ mks)
- List four cattle diseases caused by virus. (2mks)
- State the function of each of the following.
- Plumb bob ( ½ mk)
- Drenching gun ( ½ mk)
- Garden trowel ( ½ mk)
- Pipe wrench ( ½ mk)
- State two reasons for seasoning timber before use. (1mk)
- State four reasons for culling a breeding boar. (2mks)
- State four uses of lubrication system in a tractor. (2mks)
- Give four observations on the behavior of chicks which would indicate that the temperature in the brooder is too high. (2mks)
- State four ways of stimulating milk let – down in a dairy cow. (2mks)
- State four measures that should be taken to control brucellosis in cattle. (2mks)
- Give four conditions that would encourage hens to eat eggs in poultry production. (2mks)
- State four advantages of a hedge fence in a farm. (2mks)
SECTION B ( 20 Marks)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided
- Study the diagram below and answer questions the questions that follow.
- Identify the implement illustrated in the diagram. (1mk)
- What is the method of power transmission for operating implements? (1mk)
- State the use of the implement. (1mk)
- Give two maintenance practices for implement A. (2mks)
- Below is a diagram of a rabbit hutch. Use the diagram to answer the questions that follow.
- How should the materials used for constructing parts Q and S be treated to last long? (2mks)
- Name the appropriate tools that should be used to cut the materials for constructing parts Q. (1mk)
- Give two reasons for raising the rabbit hutch above the ground level. (1mk)
- Below is an illustration of an internal parasite in livestock
- Identify the parasite. (1mk)
- Name one final host for the parasite. (1mk)
- Name the intermediate host for the parasite. (1mk)
- State two control measures of the parasite. (2mks)
- The illustration below represents the digestive system of poultry. Study the illustration carefully and answer questions that follow.
- Name the parts labeled E , F and G.
E......(1mk)
F.(1mk)
G...(1mk) - State two ways in which the part labeled G is adapted to its function. (2mks)
- Name the parts labeled E , F and G.
SECTION C (40 Marks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided.
-
- Name the strokes in a four stroke cycle engine and describe how each operates. (12mks)
- Describe four physical characteristics that a poultry farmer would use to identify poor layers from a flock of hens. (8mks)
-
- Describe the disease milk fever under the following sub headings:
- Animals affected (2mks)
- Symptoms (5mks)
- Control measures (3mks)
- Describe five calf management practices carried out immediately after parturition. (5mks)
- Outline five qualities of eggs for marketing. (5mks)
- Describe the disease milk fever under the following sub headings:
-
- State and explain five harmful effects of parasites in livestock. (10mks)
- Describe any five parts and functions of a Zero grazing unit. (10mks)
Marking Scheme
- – Spraying with appropriate insecticides at the breeding places;
- Clearing the vegetation/ breeding grounds
- Use of impregnated nets
- Sterilizing the male tsetse flies. (4 x ½ = 2mks)
- Dairy goats
- Toggenburg
- British alpine
- Saanen
- Anglo – Nubian
- Jamnapari (4 x ½ = 2mks)
- Characteristics of a good vaccine;
- Easy to administer
- Do not react with other vaccines administered to the animal
- Do not have side effects on the animal
- Produce long lifelong immunity
- Have a long shelf life. (4 x ½ = 2mks)
- Advantages of outbreeding;
- The offspring acquire hybrid vigour or heterosis, which helps to improve the performance of less productive breeds
- Characteristics of the pure breeds are maintained
- The system can be used to upgrade native breeds for increased milk and meat production.
- It is cheaper compared to buying pure breeds ( 4 x ½ = 2mks)
- Factors that affect the quality of honey;
- The presence of impurities
- Source of nectar/food type/ the type of plants from which nectar was collected
- Stage of ripening
- The method of extraction
- The season of the year ( 4 x ½ = 2mks)
- Functions of calcium;
- A component of milk
- Formation of the skeleton and teeth
- Blood clotting
- Nerve functioning/ control milk fever. (3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
- Four cattle diseases caused by virus;
- Rinderpest
- Foot and mouth disease
- Mad cow disease. ( 4 x ½ = 2mks)
- Functions of the following farm tools and equipment;
- Used for checking the verticalness of the building. ( ½ mk)
- Used to administer liquate drugs in to the back mouth of an animal. ( ½ mk)
- Used for scooping or lifting seedlings; loosening soil in the nursery bed. ( ½ mk)
- Pipe wrench is used in holding, tightening and loosening metal pipes and fittings. ( ½ mk)
- Reasons for seasoning timber;
- To make it resistant to insect attack
- To avoid warping
- To make resistant to weather conditions
- To avoid fungal attack ( 2 x ½ = 1mk)
- Reasons for culling a breeding boar;
- To control inbreeding
- To prevent/ control diseases
- Due to old age
- Due to deformities
- Because of injury
- Due to bad temperament
- Loss of libido ( 4 x ½ = 2 mks)
- Uses of lubrication system in a tractor;
- Reduce friction between moving parts
- Reduces heat produced by rubbing surfaces/cooling effect
- Acts as cleaning agent
- Prevents rust ( 3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
- Behaviour of chicks which would indicate the temperature of brooder is too high;
- Chicks move away from the source of heat
- Parting/ opening beaks
- Opening wings/spreading wings
- Making abnormal noise drinking water excessively
- Chicks may lie flat on their bellies. ( 4 x ½ = 2mks)
- Ways of stimulating milk – let down in a dairy cow;
- Washing the udder with warm water
- Allow the calf to suck for a while
- Feeding the cow with dairy meal during milking
- Production of sound associated with milking
- Regular milking time
- Massaging the udder when washing it. ( 4 x ½ = 2mks)
- Preventive measures of brucellosis in cattle;
- Use of artificial insemination
- Cull infected animals
- Vaccinate all young animals
- Avoid direct contact with aborted foetus/after birth
- Observe hygiene/proper disposal of aborted foetus. ( 4 x ½ = 2mks)
- Conditions that would encourage hens to eat eggs;
- Calcium deficiency in the birds’ body
- Bright light in the laying nests
- Birds laying on the floor
- Presence of broken, soft shelled eggs
- Prolonged stay of eggs in the laying boxes
- Idleness of birds
- Inadequate feeding ( 4 x ½ = 2mks)
- Advantages of hedge fence;
- Source of firewood
- Source of fodder/mulch
- Act as wind breaker
- Control soil erosion
- Adds beauty to the farm
- Provides security/ privacy/block intruders
- Mark farm boundaries (4 x ½ = 2mks)
SECTION B (20 Marks)
-
- Liver fluke (1mk)
- Cattle/Sheep (1mk)
- Fresh water snail (1mk)
- - Control the intermediate host/fresh water snail
- Draining swampy areas/leveling any depression that may hold water in the pasture
-Burning of the pastures during the dry season.
- Not grazing animals near marshy/water – logged areas.
- Routine drenching of the animals. ( 2 x 1 = 2mks)
-
- The parts labeled E , F , and G.
E – Crop (1mk)
F – Proventriculous (1mk)
G – Gizzard (1mk) - Ways in which the part labeled G is adapted to its function;
- It is equipped with tough muscles on each side. The sliding movements of these muscles cause the crushing and grinding of food particles.
- Presence of grit/ sand stones aid in crushing and grinding of food. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
- The parts labeled E , F , and G.
- Implement;
- Reciprocating mower (1mk)
- The power take off shaft (PTO shaft) (1mk)
- For harvesting forage crop , Cutting vegetation when clearing the field. (1mk)
-
- Check loose nuts and bolts and tighten where necessary.
- Keep knife section sharp
- Lubricate the knife parts
- Check knife to ledger plate cups for best cutting
- Keep all the parts tight. (2 x 1 = 2mks)
-
- How the materials for constructing part Q and S be treated;
- Q – Painted to avoid rust. (1mk)
- S - Smearing with old engine oil, applying insecticide, Charing,
- How the materials for constructing part Q and S be treated;
SECTION C (40 Marks)
-
- The strokes of a four stroke cycle engine;
- Induction stroke;
The piston is moved down the cylinder causing the inlet valve to open drawing in fresh supply of petrol vapour and air into the cylinder. (3mks) - Compression stroke
Both the inlet valve and outlet valve are closed, piston moves up the cylinder and the fuel – air mixture is compressed. (3mks) - Power stroke
-A spark is produced at a spark plug, igniting the fuel –air mixture.
The increased pressure forces the piston down the cylinder. (3 mks) - Exhaust stroke
Exhaust valve opens
Piston moves up the cylinder
Burned fuel – air mixture expelled. (3 mks)
- Induction stroke;
- Physical characteristics of poor layers’
- the comb and wattles are small or shrunken, dry, scaly, pale and cold
- Eyes are dull and pale yellow
- the beak is yellowish in colour
- it has a dry and round vent
- the abdomen is hard and sometimes full
- it is lazy and dull
- it moults early
- the shanks are yellowish
- they go broody or broodiness is common
- it has a small space between the keel and pelvic bones that can only fit 1 – 2 fingers ( 8 Marks)
- The strokes of a four stroke cycle engine;
-
- Milk fever
- Animals affected ; Dairy cattle, Goats, (2mks)
- Symptoms,
- Newly affected animal become nervous
- Animal staggers when walking
- Animal lies down or collapses and cannot stand thereafter
- The muscles twitch
- The animal lies with the head twisted towards the body
- If not treated, the animal gets weaker with the vital body organs failing to work and this leads to death. ( 1 x 5 = 5mrks)
- Control measures’
- Feed heavy yielding cows with minerals before and after calving
- Inject the attacked animal with soluble calcium salt solution i.e. calcium borogluconate ( 1 x 2 = 2 mrks)
- Calf management practices carried out immediately after birth;
- Ensure the calf is breathing by removing mucus from nostrils
- Cut the umbilical cord and disinfect it to avoid infection
- Clean the calf of mucus if the mother doesn’t lick it
- If the calf is not breathing perform artificial respiration.
- Move the calf to a warm clean pen
- Ensure the calf gets colostrum from the mother, weak calf is supported to suckle the mother. ( 1 x 6 = 6mrks)
- Qualities of eggs for marketing;
- they should be clean
- should be large in size or arranged according to sizes
- should have high candling qualities
- the colour of the eggs should be brown ( 1 x 4 = 4 mrks)
- Milk fever
-
- Harmful effects of parasites in livestock;
- They transmit diseases eg tickborne diseases
- They lower production in livestock
- They damage body organs or tissues
- They lower quality of livestock products
- They cause irritation and discomfort to the host
- They cause anaemia by sucking blood from host
- Increase cost of production when the farmer is trying to control them.
- They feed on their host causing loss of weight and slowing growth rate
- Internal parasites cause blockage of internal organs. ( 1 x 10 = 10 mrks)
- Functions of five parts of a zero grazing unit;
- Milking area- this the part for milking the animal
- Calf pen – part for keeping the calf
- Food and water area – used for feeding and watering the animals
- Fodder chopping area – part for chopping fodder
- Store – For storing food
- Walking area
- Milk recording room
- A cubicle for the calf
- Manure storage
- Harmful effects of parasites in livestock;
( 1 mrk for any correct stated part and 1 mrk for well described function of the part named. ( 5 x 2 = 10 mrks)
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