SECTION (25 MARKS): ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
- Identify one branch of History. (1mk)
- Name one pre-historical sites in Kenya. (1mk)
- State one community that belongs to the Southern Cushites. (1mk)
- Give two ways in which archeologists identify a pre-historic site. (2mks)
- Give two peaceful methods of resolving conflict in Kenya. (2mks)
- State two ways through which mission stations promoted the spread of Christianity in Kenya. (2mks)
- Name two types of human rights. (2mks)
- Give one type of democracy. (1mk)
- Identify two Education Commission established in Kenya since independence. (2mks)
- Name the document that contains the rights of the child in Kenya. (1mk)
- Apart from the Nandi, name two other communities that resisted the establishment of the colonial rule. (2mks)
- Give one method used by the British to acquire territories in Kenya. (1mk)
- Identify two methods which were used by the colonial administration to attract European settlers in Kenya. (2mks)
- State one feature of early political associations that were formed between 1920-1939. (1mk)
- Name two political parties which were formed in Kenya between 1960 – 1963. (2mks)
- Who is the Administrative head of the Parliamentary Service Commission? (1mk)
- State the main voting system used in Kenya during the general elections. (1mk)
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
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- Name three reasons why Africa is regarded as the cradle of mankind. (3mks)
- Explain six effects of Agrarian revolution in Britain. (12mks)
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- State five ways in which the government of Kenya has improved the health of its citizens since independence. (5mks)
- Explain five challenges facing the Agricultural sector in Kenya today. (10mks)
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- Outline five problems experienced by political Associations in Kenya up to 1939. (5mks)
- Explain the effects of the establishment of independent schools and churches in Kenya during colonial period. (12mks)
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- Give three major problems that Jomo Kenyatta urged people to fight against at independence. (3mks)
- Explain sic problems associated with the Moi regime in Kenya. (12mks)
SECTION C
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- Identify three reasons why the government may limit one’s freedom of expression in Kenya. (3mks)
- Discuss the features of the constitution of Kenya (2010). (12mks)
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- Identify the organs of National Security. (3mks)
- Explain six challenges facing the judiciary. (12mks)
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- Give the composition fo County Assembly in Kenya. (3mks)
- Explain six functions of County Government in Kenya. (12mks)
Marking Scheme
SECTION A
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- Social
- Economical
- Political 1x1 (1mk)
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- Koobi for a
- Kariandusi
- Hyrax
- Lokalelel
- Ntuka
- Lukenya hill
- Olorgesaille
- Panya ya saidi 1x1 (1mk)
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- Sanye/Dahalo 1x1 (1mk)
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- Look for areas where artifacts have been exposed by tectonic forces.
- Identify a small part of an early settlement on the surface
- Excavate areas mentioned in historical document
- Use their own experience and skills
- Some artifacts may be exposed during human activities.
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- Mediation
- Negotiation
- Litigation
- Arbitration
- Reconciliation 2x1 (2mks)
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- The stations were centres of learning/learners were preached to.
- They served as health centres/hospitals when the sick were preached to.
- Missionaries mixed freely with people thus converted them to Christianity.
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- Economic
- Political
- Social
- Solidarity 2x1 (2mks)
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- Direct democracy
- Indirect democracy 1x1 (1mk)
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- Ominde Commission – 1965
- Gachathi 1976
- Mackay 1982
- Kariithi 1983
- Kamunge 1988
- Koech 2002
- Odhiambo 2010 2x1 (2mks)
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- The Children Act of 2001
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- Agiriama
- Bukusu
- Somali 2x1 (2mks)
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- Military conquest
- Divide and rule
- Signing of treaties
- Diplomacy
- Treachery 2x1 (2mks)
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- Acquisition of land
- Security
- Provision of labour
- Transport and communication
- Technical assistance
- Credit facilities. 2x1 (2mks)
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- Ethnic based
- Their demands focused mainly on the welfare of people
- Led by educated Africans.
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- Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU)
- Kenya African National Unions (KANU)
- African’s People party (APP) 2x1 (2mks)
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- The clerk of the Senate/clerk 1x1 (1mk)
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- The secret ballot 1x1 (1mk)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
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- There are numerous archaeological sites on the continent where early fossils that resemble human have been found.
- Savannah grassland provided space for early man to effectively hunt and gather.
- The tropical climate was suitable for early man, to existence for it was warm throughout the year.
- There were many all season rivers that provided fresh water and trapping for wild animals.
- Africa is centrally positioned in the pangea.
- Africa is highly forested – provided man with habitat.
- It led to population increase due to increased food production
- It led to emergency of new social classes such as wealthy landowners and peasants.
- It led to diversification of agriculture.
- The British famers abandoned subsistence farming and established large-scale farming under plantation farms.
- It influenced industrialization in Britain as it provided the required raw materials.
- It led to improvement of the transport systems in the country.
- It enhanced research and scientific innovation
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- It led to population increase due to increased food production
- It led to emergency of new social classes such as wealthy landowners and peasants.
- It led to diversification of agriculture.
- The British famers abandoned subsistence farming and established large-scale farming under plantation farms.
- It influenced industrialization in Britain as it provided the required raw materials.
- It led to improvement of the transport systems in the country.
- It enhanced research and scientific innovation
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- It has established the ministry of Health
- It has established hospitals/clinic/dispensaries.
- It has encouraged nurses, religious organizations, individuals to provide health services.
- It has established medical training institutions.
- It has recognized the use of herbal medicine.
- It has established national insurance health fund.
- It has established medical institutions. 5x1 (5mks)
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- Poor infrastructure in some parts of the country has led to great loss of farm produce thus reducing earnings of farmers.
- The unstable prices of agricultural commodities on the local world market has discouraged farmers.
- Various parts of the country have been hit by drought and famine thus forcing the government to provide relief food.
- Farmers produce is often destroyed by pests after harvest leading to food shortage.
- Poor technology/use of traditional methods has established to low yields.
- Corrupt government officials leading to grabbing of research land.
- High cost of farm inputs.
- Shortage of agricultural extension officers.
- Poor storage facilities.
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- Arrest and deportation of their leaders
- Organizations were burned
- Rivalry and suspicion
- Lack of funds to promote their activities
- Leaders lacked organizational skills
- Denied access to media.
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- Incorporation of African culture into the church-African practices e.g. Beating drums.
- African leadership- Africans took up leadership positions in the schools and churches.
- Increase of African Elites – more African trained as clergy and other professionals.
- Spread of Christians – Many Africans converted to Christianity and continued to spread it.
- Establishment of churches and schools – many Africans churches and schools were established.
- Rise of nationalism – Africans started fighting for independence.
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- Poverty
- Ignorance
- Disease
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- Corruption – There was rampant cases of corruption during Moi era-land.
- Tribal crashes – Ethnicity and tribalism contributed to tribal crashes.
- Clamour for pluralism – Kenyans started demanding an end of one party democracy and return of pluralism.
- Strained relations – Relationship between Kenya and her neighbors were strained e.g Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia.
- Violation of human rights – his reign was characterized by violation of basic human rights e.g forced of expression.
- Poverty – There was high poverty levels during Moi regime.
- HIV/AIDS – the pandemic spread so much during the Moi regime. 6x2 (12mks)
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SECTION C (30MARKS)
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- If one makes untrue/malicious utterances about another individual/government.
- If one reveals government secrets.
- If one incites others against the government.
- If one talks ill against the president 3x1 (3mks)
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- Sovereignty of the people and supremacy of the constitution.
- Multipartism
- Citizenship and its entitlement.
- The Bill of Rights
- Land and environment
- Leadership and integrity
- Representation of the people
- The legislation
- The judiciary
- Execution
- Devolved government
- Public service
- National security
- Public finance 6x2 (12mks)
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- National Intelligence Service
- Kenya Defence Forces
- National Police Service
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- Too much interference from the executive.
- Corruption in the judiciary has made the public doubt its ability to protect human rights and freedom.
- There are very few judicial officers in the service.
- The judiciary lacks adequate finances to cater for its needs.
- Judicial officers are qualified although there is need for them to take part in continuous legal education and training.
- Information on judiciary has not been made available to the public.
- Lack of education on judicial affairs and ignorance on legal rights among the public. 6x2 = (12mks)
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- Elected members from the ward and nominated members by political parties represented in County Assemblies.
- Members representing marginalized groups including persons with disabilities and the youths.
- The speaker who is an Ex-official member. 3x1 (3mks)
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- Development and promotion of agriculture.
- Provision and supervision of health services
- Environmental management.
- Provision of recreational facilities development and regulations of trade within the country.
- Promotion and regulation of education in the pre-primary level, polytechnics and child care levels.
- Regulation of country public works and services.
- Promotion and regulations of firefighting and disaster management centres.
- Putting in place measures to control drug abuse, access to pornography etc in the county
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