Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Sukellemo Joint Mock 2020/2021

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SUKELLEMO JOINT MOCK
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 2
2 HOURS

Instructions to Candidates

This paper consists of 3 sections A, B and C .
Answer all the questions in section A and B
Select any TWO questions in section C.

SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided

1. List two dairy goat breeds(1mk)
2. Give two advantages of keeping a Jersey cow instead of a Friesian.(1mk)
Give two importance of keeping health records in a farm.(1mk)
1. What is pica as used in livestock production.(½mk)
2. State three importance of keeping livestock healthy.(1½mks)
Name an intermediate host for each of the following parasites.
1. Tapeworm (Taenia solium)(½mk)
2. Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica) (½mk)
1. Name the type of breeding system represented below.(½mk)
  Ayrshire Sire x Boran Dam→ F1 Heifer x Hereford
2. Outline two characteristics of livestock that are used in mass selection.(1mk)
State four management practices that would ensure maximum harvest of fish from a fish pond.(2mks)
Distinguish between crutching and ringing as used in livestock production.(1mk)
Give four reasons why young Lambs should be docked (2mks)
1. State three disadvantages of natural incubation in poultry production(1½mks)
2. Why is it necessary to supplement domestic poultry diet with grit.(½mk)
Name four properties of a good vaccine(2mks)
State four factors considered when formulating a livestock ration. (2mks)
Name two Larval developmental stages of liver fluke that occur outside the intermediate host.(1mk)
List four methods of preserving fish after harvesting. (2mks)
Mention three ways that indigenous livestock farmers use to improve their cattle. (1½mks)
Differentiate between
1. Gilt and Sow(1mk)
2. Marking gauge and mortise gauge.(1mk)
Outline three possible causes of damage to the hide of cattle when the animal.(1½mks)
Highlight three functions of ventilation in an animal house.(1½mks)
State four factors that determine the power output in an animal (2 mks)

SECTION B (20MARKS)
Answer All the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The diagram below represents farm tools.
1. Identify the tools labelled A and B(1mk)
2. Give one use of each of the tools mentioned in (i) above(2mks)
3. Give the two maintenance practices which should be carried out on tool C (2mks)
The diagram below represents an implement
1. Identify the implement.(1mk)
2. Name the parts labeled E and F and give one function of each.(2mks)
3. State four maintenance practices carried out on the implement shown in the diagram (2mks)
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
1. Name the structure illustrated above.(1mk)
2. Why should structure be round and not rectangular or square shaped. (1mk)
3. Describe the heat situation in the structure. (1mk)
4. Give one reason to support your answer in (iii) above.(1mk)
5. Why is saw dust not suitable for use as litter in the structure.(1mk)
Below is a breeding cycle of a ewe in relation to the feeding regime accompanying it. Use it to answer the following questions.
1. Name the management practice represented by (i),(ii) and (iii)(3mks)
2. Give the importance of practice (i) (3mks)

SECTION C (40MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided

1. Five diseases of internal parasites attack in livestock.(10mks)
2. Explain the factors to consider when planning a farm layout.(10mks)
1. Outline ten management practices a farmer should carry out to maintain good healthy in a herd of cattle. (10mks)
2. Discuss the management of layers in a deep litter system.(10mks)
1. Describe five design requirement of a calf pen.(10mks)
2. Describe Milk Fever disease under the following sub headings.
  1. Animals affected(2mks)
  2. Symptoms (5mks)
  3. Control and treatment(3mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided

1. List two dairy goat breeds(1mk)
  - Saanen
  - Toggenburg
  - British Alpine
  - Anglo Nubian
  - Jamnapari
2. Give two advantages of keeping a Jersey cow instead of a Friesian.(1mk)
  - Ability to tolerate/withstand high temperature consumes less feed due to small size
  - Can survive on low/poor quality pastures
Give two importance of keeping health records in a farm.(1mk)
- Help in culling sickling animals (rej culling sick animals)
- Help in selection of animals for breeding.
- Help in calculation of veterinary/treatment cost
- Assist the former in knowing the prevalent disease
- Show when to vaccinate or deworm
- Help show the health condition of the animals
1. What is pica as used in livestock production.(½mk)
  - Depraved appetite/where animals feed on non food materials
2. State three importance of keeping livestock healthy.(1½mks)
  - To increase quantity of livestock product/work output
  - To reduce cost of production
  - Prevent spread of diseases
  - To increase productive life of livestock
  - Regular breeding
Name an intermediate host for each of the following parasites.
1. Tapeworm (Taenia solium)(½mk)
  - Pig rej cattle
2. Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica) (½mk)
  - Water snail/mud snail rej snail alone
1. Name the type of breeding system represented below.(½mk)
  Ayrshire Sire x Boran Dam→ F1 Heifer x Hereford
  - Upgrading/grading up
2. Outline two characteristics of livestock that are used in mass selection.(1mk)
  - Observable characteristics e.g coat colour, size and shape
  - Measurable characteristic eg body weight, milk yield etc
State four management practices that would ensure maximum harvest of fish from a fish pond.(2mks)
- Control of stocking rate
- Control of water pollution
- Sufficient supply of fish food/nutrients for aquatic life
- Aerating water/flowing water
- Maintain appropriate depth of water in the pond.
Distinguish between crutching and ringing as used in livestock production.(1mk)
- Crutching - cutting wool around the reproduction organ of ewe
- Ringing cutting wool around the sheath
Give four reasons why young Lambs should be docked (2mks)
- To allow for even fat distribution in the body
- To avoid/prevent accumulation of dirt which world encourage blow fly infestation
- To minimize fouling of wool with feaces
- To facilitate easy mating later in adult life
1. State three disadvantages of natural incubation in poultry production(1½mks)
  - Only a few chicks can be hatched at a time by one hen
  - The farmer cannot plan when to incubate
  - Diseases and parasites can easily be transmitted to the chicks from the hen when the hen is injected
  - Hens can only be used when broody
2. Why is it necessary to supplement domestic poultry diet with grit.(½mk)
  - Aids in mechanical digestion/crushing of food in the gizzard
Name four properties of a good vaccine(2mks)
- Should produce immunity
- should have a long keeping life
- should be a easy to administer
- should be compatible
- should have no side effects
- single dose should produce life long immunity
State four factors considered when formulating a livestock ration. (2mks)
- Value of nutrient
- Percentage of nutrients content/concentration
- Age of the animal
- Type of ration
Name two Larval developmental stages of liver fluke that occur outside the intermediate host.(1mk)
- Miracidium
- Metacerceria
List four methods of preserving fish after harvesting. (2mks)
- Freezing
- Salting
- Sun drying
- Smoking
Mention three ways that indigenous livestock farmers use to improve their cattle. (1½mks)
- Cross breeding with high yielding breeds
- Proper selection
- Proper feeding
- Proper control of parasite and diseases
Differentiate between
1. Gilt and Sow(1mk)
  - A gilt is a mature female pig which has not given birth while a sow is a mature female pig that has given birth/ A gilt is a female pig between weaning and first parturition
2. Marking gauge and mortise gauge.(1mk)
  - Marking gauge is used to mark single parallel lines to stock while mortise gauge ,marks two Parallel lines at the same time.
Outline three possible causes of damage to the hide of cattle when the animal.(1½mks)
- Poor branding
- Skin diseases
- Parasite infestation
- Rough handling
- Scratching by hard/sharp objects
Highlight three functions of ventilation in an animal house.(1½mks)
- Allow sufficient air circulation
- Prevent dampness
- Controls temperature in the house
State four factors that determine the power output in an animal (2 mks)
- Health
- Age
- Training
- Water and food availability

SECTION B (20MARKS)
Answer All the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The diagram below represents farm tools.
1. Identify the tools labelled A and B(1mk)
  - A Cold chisel
  - B Tenon saw (back saw)
2. Give one use of each of the tools mentioned in (i) above(2mks)
  - A Used for cutting thick sheets of metal
  - B Fine sawing, Joinery work
3. Give the two maintenance practices which should be carried out on tool C (2mks)
  - Sharpen the cutting edges
  - Oil the metallic parts when the tool is to be stored foe a long time to avoid rusting
  - Lubricate the moving part to minimize friction.
  - Replace broken handles
The diagram below represents an implement
1. Identify the implement.(1mk)
  - Disc plough
2. Name the parts labeled E and F and give one function of each.(2mks)
  - E - Depth control wheel - stabilize plough
    Rear/furrow wheel - control side thrust /control the depth
  - Disc - cut and invert soil
3. State four maintenance practices carried out on the implement shown in the diagram (2mks)
  - Tighten loose bolt &nuts
  - Replace /repair worn out parts
  - Grease /Lubricate moving parts
  - Clean after use
  - Proper storage
  - Painting
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
1. Name the structure illustrated above.(1mk)
  - Brooder
2. Why should structure be round and not rectangular or square shaped. (1mk)
  - To avoid flocking of chicks at the corners which may lead to suffocation and eventually death
3. Describe the heat situation in the structure. (1mk)
  - Hot
4. Give one reason to support your answer in (iii) above.(1mk)
  - The chicks have moved away from the heat source.
5. Why is saw dust not suitable for use as litter in the structure.(1mk)
  - It clogs the gizzard of the birds leading to indigestions and death
Below is a breeding cycle of a ewe in relation to the feeding regime accompanying it. Use it to answer the following questions.
1. Name the management practice represented by (i),(ii) and (iii)(3mks)
  1. Steaming up
  2. Lactation/milk production
  3. Flushing
2. Give the importance of practice (i) (3mks)
  - Give the ewe good condition for parturition .
  - Facilitates rapid foetal development
  - Reduces incidences of twin lamp disease /pregnancy/toxaemia.
  - Increases and maintains high milk yield after birth.
  - Ensures birth of a healthy animal.

SECTION C (40MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided

1. Five diseases of internal parasites attack in livestock.(10mks)
  - Anaemia
  - Starring coat/rough coat
  - Pot belly
  - Emaciation
  - Retarded growth
  - Excessive appetite/Loss of appetite
  - Intestinal blockage due to large numbers of parasites
  - Scouring/constipation
  - Indigestion
  - Presence of eggs/parasite segments (proglottides) in feaces
  - Damage of liver tissues/liver ulcerations
  - Dullness/depression
  - Recumbency after death
  - Liver hemorrhage
  - Blood stained stools (dysentery)
2. Explain the factors to consider when planning a farm layout.(10mks)
  - Direction of prevailing wind to keep off bad smells/to avoid draught effects
  - Location of homesteads.
  - Farmers taste preference
  - Drainage well drained site
  - topography
  - Proximity to social amenities like schools, hospital
  - Size of the farm – to provide room for future expansion
  - Security - livestock units require close supervision.
1. Outline ten management practices a farmer should carry out to maintain good healthy in a herd of cattle. (10mks)
  - provide balanced ration to increase disease resistance
  - select healthy breeding stock
  - cull animals susceptible to certain diseases
  - use appropriate breeding methods to avoid disease transmission
  - provide proper housing e.g calf pens to avoid diseases.
  - maintain high level of hygiene
  - isolate or confine sick animals from healthy ones
  - Treat sick animals
  - impose quarantine incase of out breaks of notifiable diseases
  - use prophylactic drugs e.g dewormers
  - carry out regular vaccination
  - control vectors such as ticks
  - slaughter & dispose properly affected animal if cannot be cured.
2. Discuss the management of layers in a deep litter system.(10mks)
  - Proper feeding
  - Vaccination
  - Dusting poultry house with insecticides.
  - Observe hygiene
  - Disinfect houses before introducing new birds.
  - Administer dewormers in food or water
  - Replace litter every 6 months
  - Collect eggs twice a day
  - De beak perpetual egg eaters.
  - Cull un productive birds
  - Provide nesting boxes
  - Provide clean water adlibitum
  - Provide roosting perches
  - Treat sick birds and suspect cases.
  - hang greens (to keep birds busy)
  - Provide grit or oyster shelters.
1. Describe five design requirement of a calf pen.(10mks)
  - Concrete or slatted floors. For easy cleaning
  - Dry litter to provide warm and dry conditions/dry and warm to discourage infections.
  - Spacious (adequate space) to provide room for exercise, feeding and placement of waterers
  - Well lit to enhance synthesis of vitamin D for strong bone development.
  - Well drained to avoid dampness which may encourage infections ( Accepts examples scours, pneumonia, navel illness.
  - Draught free, to avoid chilly conditions that may induce infections.
  - Well ventilated, fresh air circulation so as to drive a way bad smells emanating from feacal interacts or ‘droppings’.
  - Single housing - to avoid spread of worms /diseases/prevent formulation of hair balls the rumen due to licking of hair from one another.
  - Movable (mobile)_ pens - Moving to fresh grounds to reduce fresh infections
2. Describe Milk Fever disease under the following sub headings.
  1. Animals affected(2mks)
    - Cows that have recently calved
    - Goats and pigs that have recently calved.
  2. Symptoms (5mks)
    - Dullness
    - Muscular – twitching
    - Staggering
    - Falls down and becomes unconscious
    - Animal lies down on the side and the whole body stiffness
    - Stomach contents are drawn into mouth (and lungs)
    - Complete loss of appetite
    - Sudden death.
  3. Control and treatment(3mks)
    - Intravenous injections of calcium borogluconate salts
    - Partial milking for first 10 days
    - Provide heavy nutrition with ratio containing calcium and phosphorous.
    - Give doses of vitamin D/Parathyroid extractions.
    - Keep sick animals in a comfortable position
    - Give fresh water
    - Mechanical removal of urine.