AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS.
Instructions to candidates
- This question paper consists of THREE sections; A, B and C
- Answer ALL questions in Section A and B.
- Answer any TWO questions in Section C
SECTION A (30 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
- Name any two methods which can be used to detect mineral nutrient deficiency in crops. (1 mk)
- Why should a layer of top soil be added during the preparation of compost manure (1 mk)
- Give four reasons for practicing crop rotation. (2 mks)
- Give three reasons for practicing minimum tillage.(1½ mks)
- Give four reasons why horticultural crops are important to the economy of Kenya. (2 mks)
- Give four farming practices which help to improve soil structure. (2 mks)
- State three effects of good transport network and communication system on agriculture. (1½ mks)
- Give three methods of land reform in the farm. (1½ mks)
- State three reasons why leveling is done on the land. (1½ mks)
- State Four types of water pumps for lifting water on the farm. (2 mks)
- State two methods of breaking seed dormancy in certain seeds before planting(1 mk)
- List four materials used in the construction of a gabion. (2 mks)
- State four criteria used in classifying herbicides.(2 mks)
- State the use of each one of the documents given below(1½ mks)
- Cash receipts
- Purchase order
- Delivery note
- State any four farming practices which help to improve soil structure. (2 mks)
- What does the term close season mean in crop production.(1 mk)
- State two functions of plastic material when used as mulch in crop production. (1 mk)
- State four pieces of information contained on a land title deed. (2 mks)
- What are the three classifications of farm credit according to the repayment period (1½ mks)
SECTION B: (20 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
- The diagrams below show particles of three sorghum varieties. Answer the questions that follow after studying them carefully.
- Identify the varieties labeled L, M and N (112 mks)
- Which of the three varieties is less likely to be damaged by birds (V2 mk)
- Give a reason for your answer in (a) above (1mk)
- Name four methods that are used to control bird pests in a field of sorghum(2mks)
- Name two other pests that attack this crop (1mk)
- Give two effective cultural methods of controlling one of the pests you have indentified in (e) above. (1mk)
- Diagrams B and C below show some common weeds. Study them and answer the questions below.
- Identify the weeds (1mk)
- State one economic importance of weed C(12 mk)
- Why is it difficult to control weed B (1mk)
- Name two examples of systemic herbicides which can be used to control the weed labeled B (1mk
- The illustrations A and R below show some soil and water conservation structures of the farm. Study them and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the structures A and R (1mk)
- Name the types of soil erosion controlled by the structures (1mk)
- State two ways in which the structures help to control soil erosion (1mk)
- Give two materials that can be used in the construction of structure A (1mk)
- The diagram below shows a maize cob attacked by a certain disease. Study it carefully and then answer questions that follow
- Identify the disease (1 mk)
- Name the organism that causes the disease Vente mai(1mk)
- State three cultural methods for controlling the disease(112 mks)
- Students were to apply a compound fertilizer of grade 5:20:10 on their agricultu plot of dimensions 3m x 4m at the rate of 200kg per hectare.
- Calculate the amount of fertilizer they would require for the plot (2mks)
Section C (40 marks)
Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided after no.2
-
- Explain five factors to be considered in farm planning (10 marks)
- Explain six factors that should be considered when selecting seeds for planting (6 marks)
- Describe the role of magnesium in crop production(4 marks)
-
- Explain the importance of irrigation in crop production (5 marks)
- Explain five physical methods of controlling crop pests (10 marks)
- Explain five management practices that can increase the productive life of a pasture stand (5 marks)
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- Explain five roles of trees in soil and water conservation (5marks)
- State five objectives of land reform (5marks)
- Explain five factors that may influence the spacing of crops (5 marks)
- State five reasons for establishing plants in a nursery before transplanting(5 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Name any 2 methods which can be used to detect mineral nutrient deficiency in crops
- Soil testing
- Plant tissue analysis
- Observing deficiency symptoms
- Why should a layer of top soil be added during preparation of compost manure
- Introduce bacteria for decomposition of organic matter.
- Give four reasons for practicing crop rotation
- Improve soil fertility
- Improve soil structure
- Control soil erosion
- Control weeds
- Control soil bome pests and diseases
- Maximum utilization of nutrients
- Give three reasons for practicing ininimum tillage
- Control soil erosion
- Reduce cost of cultivation
- Maintain soil structure
- Conserve moisture
- Prevent root disturbance and other underground structures
- Prevent tubers and bulbs
- Exposure of humus
- Give four reasons why horticultural crops are important to the economy of Kenya
- Foreign exchange
- Source of income
- 4 farming practices which help to improve soil structure
- Crop rotation
- Addition of organic matter
- Minimum tillage
- 3 effects of good transport network and communication systems on agriculture
- Easier, quicker movement of bulky and perishable products
- Efficient distribution of products to consumers
- Information on market and research is casily passed on.
- Reduces transport costs.
- Give 3 methods of land reform in the farm
- Land consolidation
- Land adjudication and registration
- Settlement and resettlement
- State 3 reasons why leveling is done on the land
- Uniform depth of planting
- Facilitate operation of field equipment harvesters
- Uniform penetration of irrigation water
- Soil clods with crushed increase seed soil contact
- Field-ready for agriculture operations-planting, fertilizer and manure
- Reduces possibility of waterlogging and soil erosion.
- State 4 types of water pumps for lifting water on the farm
- Hydram
- Reciprocating pump
- Centrifugal pump
- Piston pump
- Rotary/ semi rotary pump.
- State 2 methods of breaking seed dormancy in certain seeds before planting
- Soaking
- Chemical treatment
- List four materials used in the construction of a gabion
- Wire mesh
- Stones
- Metal bars
- State four critin used in classifying herbicides
- Formulation
- Selectivity
- Mode of action
- Time of application
- State the use of each one of the documents given below
- Cash receipts-issued when payment in cash for goods is made Purchase order
- Prepared by the consumer-shows description and quantities of goods desired.
- Delivery note - Prepared by supplier to show items in an order.
- State any 4 farming practices which help to improve soil structure
- Use of organic manure
- Crop rotation
- Leaving land fallow
- Mulching and cover cropping
- Proper tillage/ cultivation practices
- What does the term close season mean in crop production
- A certain crop should not be grown to control a pest or disease.
- State 2 functions of plastic materials when used as mulch in crop production
- Moderate temperature .
- Conserve moisture
- State 4 pieces of information contained on a land title deed.
- Name of land owner
- Size of land
- Land parcel number
- Seal of issuing officer
- Date of registration
- Type of land ownership
- Signature of issuing offices
- What are the three classifications of farm credit according to the repayment period
- Short-term credit
- Medium-term credit
- Long-term credit
- Answer questions that follow after studying carefully
- Identify the varieties labeled L, M and N
- L-Open Panicle
- M-Compact Panicle
- N-Goose necked
- Which of the three varieties is less likely to be damaged by birds
- Variety L -
- Give a reason for your answer above
- Curved stalk-swings bird pests
- Name four methods that are used to control bird pests in a field of sorghum
- Scaring
- Trapping
- Scarecrows
- Poisoning
- Destroy breeding
- Name two other pests that attack this crop
- Sorghum shootfly
- Midges
- Stalk borer
- Give 2 effective cultural methods of controlling one of the pests you have identified above
- Destroy infected crop residue
- Crop rotation
- Identify the varieties labeled L, M and N
- Study diagrams B and C and answer questions below
- Identify the weeds
- B-Tagetes Minilta (Mexican Marigold
- C-Oxalis Latifolia
- It is edible/ used as a culinary herb thus can be harvested and sold.
- Why is it difficult to control weed B
- Many seeds
- Identify the weeds
- Study illustrations and answer questions that follow
- Identify structures Q and R
- Q - Gabion
- R - Trash line
- Name the types of soil erosion controlled by the structures
- Gabion - Gully erosion
- Trash line-Rill sheet
- State 2 ways in which the structures help to control soil erosion
- Trap soil
- Prevent overland flow
- Give 2 materials that can be used in the construction of structure Q
- Mesh wire
- Stones/hardcore
- Identify structures Q and R
- Study diagram carefully then answer questions that follow.
- Identify the disease
- Headsmut
- Name organism that causes the disease
- Fungus/ Ustilago nuda
- State three cultural methods for controlling the disease
- Clean seed
- Crop rotation
- Destroy crop residues
- Identify the disease
- Calculate amount of fertilizer they would require for the plot
- 10000m2 require 200kg
12m2 require ?
12 x 200 = 24
10000
100 - 0.024kg / 240g 25.
- 10000m2 require 200kg
-
- Factors in farm planning
- Climatic actors
- Security
- Accessibility to main road
- Communication within the farm
- Water and power supply
- Soil type
- Farm size
- Government regulations/policy
- Personal preference
- Factors to be considered when selecting seeds for planting - Quality parent material - healthy, high yielding, vigorous in growth
- Age of seeds-mature seeds
- Storage period of seeds
- Size of seeds
- Shape of seeds
- Purity of seeds
- Role of magnesium in crop production
- Component of chlorophyll
- Promotes nitrogen fixation
- Activates enzymes
- Synthesis of oil in oil crops
- Factors in farm planning
-
- Explain importance of irigation in crop production
- Farmer can grow crops when rain is in shortage
- Crops like rice can be grown
- Method of land reclamation ASAL
- Crops can be grown throughout the year food supply guaranteed
- Pest control - armyworms, aphids
- 5 physical methods of controlling crop posts
- Use of lethal temperature - extreme temperature e.g hot water
- Proper drying of produce-dry against too hard for pests to penetrate, discourage mould
- Flooding - armyworms and cut worms - drowning moles
- Suffocation - use of CO, - storage bins
- Proper spacing
- Physical destruction-through hand picking or trapping pests and killing eg squirrels
- Use of scarecrows -structures erected in the field to frighten birds and large animals e.g dikdik
- Use of physical barriers-materials to prevent pests from getting to crops e.g metal plates in raised granaries, construction of fences, trenches - large animals
- Use of electromagnetic radiation-radio waves - deactivates enzymes in insects. Moths attracted by UV, aphids - yellow highly destroyed by heat or chemicals.
- 5 management practices that can increase productive life of pasture stand
- Weeding - prevent competition-nutrients, moisture
- Top dressing-nitrogenous fertilizer-vigorous growing
- Topping-remove steaming fibrous materials left or after growing-stimulate fresh regrowth.
- Re-seedling-gapping. Refilling patches of grasses and legumes if partially demanded by overgrazing
- Controlled grazing - control damage caused by livestock on forage during grazing. Recommendation. Control grazing by paddocking, strip grazing or tethering
- Pest control - avoid damage to crops c.g moles by trapping and use of pesticides.
- Explain importance of irigation in crop production
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- Roles of trees in soil water conservation
- Protect soil from rain drop erosion reduce force of falling onto ground
- Provide shade ad reduce loss of moisture by evaporation
- Acts as wind breaks
- Roots of trees bind soil particles together
- Reduce speed of running water-reduce erosive power
- Leaves decay and supply humus to soil-improves infiltration rate of the soil.
- Objectives of land reforms
- Encourage conservation measures of land and general improvement of land
- Increase productivity of both land and labour
- Encourage commercial instead of subsistence farming - meaning self-employment in rural areas
- Encourage farmers to invest more-security of tenure improvement
- Achieve flexibility in farming patterns to moct changing national and market demands
- Achieve effective use of national land resources eg settlement of unused land and introduction of irrigation schemes where possible and applicable.
- Spacing of crops - factors influencing
- Type of machinery used - free passage of machines e.g coffee tractor spraying equipment
- Soil fertility-fertile-close spacing-high pop
- The size of plant -tall varieties - wide spacing, short varieties-closer, katumani, kitale
- Moisture availability - high rainfall areas
- Use of crop - forage or silage crop-closer spacing
- Pest and disease control - proper spacing--movement of pests e.g aphids in groundnuts
- Growth habit of the crop-spreading and tilling crop varieties-wider spacing
- Importance of nursery
- Production of many seedlings in a small area
- Routine management practices-casily and timely done
- Best conditions provided for growth fine filth shading and watering
- Planting of small sceds develop into strong seedlings before transplanting
- Ensures transplanting only those seedlings that are healthy and vigorous growth.
- Roles of trees in soil water conservation
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