Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Mang'u Mock 2020 Exam

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AGRICULTURE
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS.

Instructions to candidates

  • This question paper consists of THREE sections; A, B and C
  • Answer ALL questions in Section A and B.
  • Answer any TWO questions in Section C

Section A (30 marks)
Instructions: Answer all questions in this section 

  1. Define the term breeding as used in livestock production(1mark)
  2. Give two reasons that make it necessary to feed bees(1mark)
  3. Give four reasons carrying out steaming-up in dairy cows(2marks)
  4. Give two uses of a soil auger on the farm(1 mark)
  5. Name four breeds of rabbits kept for meat production (2marks)
  6. Name four uses of farm buildings(2 marks)
  7. State three methods of contagious abortion in cattle(1½marks)
  8. State the gestation periods of the following animals (1 marks)
    1. Sow 
    2. Cattle
  9. Give four advantages of concrete walls over wooden walls in farm buildings (2 marks)
  10. State three disadvantages of using charcoal jiko in a one day old chick's brooder (1½marks)
  11. State three circumstances that would lead a farmer to cull a high producing dairy cow. (1½marks)
  12. State four maintenance practices carried out on a jackplane(2 marks)
  13. State three uses of magnesium in the body of an animal(1½ marks)
  14. State five methods a farmer would use to control livestock diseases(2½ marks)
  15. State four methods of controlling internal parasites in farm animals (2 marks)
  16. List four routine management practices carried out on dairy bull calves(2 marks)
  17. Give four reasons why it is desirable to feed colostrum when rearing piglets (2 marks)
  18. State two advantages of artificial incubation compared to natural incubation as a method of hatching chicks(2 marks)
  19. Name two groups into which vitamins are classified (1 mark)
  20. Define the term out-crossing as used in livestock breeding(½mark)

Section B (20 marks)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

  1. The diagrams Q and R below represent farm animals suffering nutritional deficiency diseases. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow:
    agrmangp2q21aa
    1. Identify the disease in Q and R (1 mark)
    2. Name the nutrients whose deficiency has caused the disease in each case above (1 mark)
    3. At what stage or body condition would predispose the animal to the disease in Q? (1 mark)
    4. State two methods of alleviating the condition in Q (1 mark)
  2. Study the two diagrams D and E and answer the questions that follow
    agrmangp2q22
    1. Identify the structure D and E(1 mark)
    2. State four structural features common in both D and E for protecting maize (2 marks)
    3. State two maintenance practices carried out on the structures (2 marks)
  3. Ştudy diagrams B, C, D, E below which illustrate livestock handling tools and answer the questions that follow.
    agrmangp2q23
    1. Name the tools labelled B, C, D, E(2 marks)
    2. State the use of each of the tools B, C, D, E(2 marks)
  4. The diagrams T and U below illustrate a practice carried out on livestock. Answer the questions after studying the diagrams.
    agrmangp2q24
    1. Identify the practice shown in T and U(1 mark) 
    2. Name the methods in T and U(2 marks)
    3. State one advantage of method T over U (1 mark)
    4. By using method of practice in T draw the animal whose number is 100. (2marks)
    5. Give two reasons why the practice T and U is practised (1 mark)

Section C (40 marks)
Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces after question 27

  1.    
    1. Give five qualities that eggs for incubation should have(5 marks)
    2. Describe the procedures that should be followed to ensure clean milk production (10marks)
    3. State five ways by which a farmer can minimise loss of farm tool from the farm.(5 marks)
  2.     
    1. Describe how a calf is trained to drink milk from a bucket (5 marks)
    2. State five limitations of animal power on the farm(5 marks
    3. Ştate four factors that may necessitate culling in a flock of layers(4 marks)
    4. Outline six features in a camel adaptation that enable them to survive in arid areas (6 marks)
  3.     
    1. Describe maintenance practices carried out on farm buildings (10 marks)
    2. Describe the digestion of grass in the rumen of an adult ruminant (6 marks)
    3. State four reasons why piglets should be weighed immediately after farrowing and weaning (4 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Section A (30 marks)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

  1. Define the term breeding as used in livestock production
    • Selection is the process of letting some animals to become parents of next generation while preventing others 
  2. Give two reasons that make it necessary to feed bees encourage
    • fast multiplication of the colony
    • to maintain new colonies
  3. Give four reasons carrying out steaming-up in dairy cows
    • higher weight in calves is achieved -
    • essen suckling pressure on the mother
    • ease weaning stress
    • uniformity of size at weaning
    • attening period is shortened
    • helps in development of future breeding stock
  4. Give two uses of a soil auger on the farm
    • dig holes to fix fencing posts 
    • collect soil samples for testing
  5. Name four breeds of rabbits kept for meat production
    • Flemish giant;
    • New Zealand white;
    • California white;
    • Chinchilla: Earlops
  6. Name four uses of farm buildings
    • protect farm animals
    • control plants and diseases
    • shelter farmer and animals against extreme weather
    • store farm produce and variable inputs
    • enhance efficiency in farm planning, budget and production
  7. State three methods of contagious abortion in cattle
    • use artificial insemination
    • Vaccination against the disease in young animals
    • Avoid contact with aborted foetus
    • blood tests on all breeding animals before mating
    • Cull, slaughter infected animals and burn them to ashes
  8. State the gestation periods of the following animals
    • sow - 3 months 3 weeks 3 days (117 days)
    • Cattle 270-285 days
  9. Give four advantages of concrete walls over wooden walls in farm buildings
    • weather resistant,
    • impermeable to water
    • resistant to insect, fungal attack
    • stronger, durable
    • fireproof
  10. State three disadvantages of using charcoal jiko in a one day old chick's brooder
    • can burn chicks if they jump over by accident
    • chicks can be poisoned in poor ventilation
    • it is difficult to keep a constant temperature throughout
  11. State three circumstances that would lead a farmer to cull a high producing dairy cow.
    • incidences of mastitis
    • Physical deformation e.g broken limbs, loss ofsight
    • old age
  12. State four maintenance practices carried out on a jackplane
    • removal of wood chops stuck in between 
    • sharpening the blade
    • oiling the exposed metal parts to prevent rusting
    • tightening loose nuts and bolt
  13. State three uses of magnesium in the body of an animal
    • important in metabolism
    • proper functioning of nervous system 
    • healthy bones and teeth
  14. State five methods a farmer would use to control livestock diseases
    • use of prophylactic drugs
    • use of disinfectants and antiseptics
    • sick animals should be isolated from the healthy ones
    • imposition of quarantine
    • vaccination or immunization
    • slaughter animals
    • proper disposal of carcass
  15. State four methods of controlling internal parasites in farm animals
    • routine administration of prophylactic drugs / dewormers
    • maintenance of hygiene in animal houses
    • give clean feeds - water and feed troughs should be high enough to avoid contamination of food
    • proper cooking of meat
  16. List four routine management practices carried out on dairy bull calves
    • deworming
    • spraying/dipping
    • Vaccination
    • treatment of diseases
    • Castration
    • identification
    • dehorning or disbudding
  17. Give four reasons why it is desirable to feed colostrum when rearing piglets
    • highly nutritious
    • contains antibodies-immunity to piglets
    • laxative effect
    • highly digestive
  18. State two advantages of artificial incubation compared to natural incubation as a method of hatching chicks
    • possible to plan when to hatch chicks
    • internal conditions of incubators temp, humidity
    • easier to control disease
    • more eggs can be held than a hen can
  19. Name two groups into which vitamins are classified
    • Water soluble vitamins (vit B and Vit.c)
    • Oil-soluble vitamins(A,D,E,K)
  20. Define the term out-crossing as used in livestock breeding
    • Mating two unrelated animals of the same breed

Section B (20 marks)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

  1.    
    1. Identify the disease in and R
      • Q-milk fever
      • R-Head retraction in chicks
    2. Name the nutrients whose deficiency has caused the Disease in each case above
      • Q-lack of calcium and phosphorus in lactating cow
      • R-lack of manganese in the diet
    3. At what stage or body condition would predispose the animal to the disease in Q?
      • Lactating animal
    4. State two methods of alleviating the condition in Q administer calcium salt intravenously
      • provide feed rich in calcium
  2.      
    1. Identify the structure D and E
      • D-Modern maize storage structure
      • E- Traditional maize storage structure
    2. State four structural features common in both D and E for protecting maize
      • raised 1 m off ground -tin rat-guards
      • built with woven sides to permit air ventilation to reduce mould damage
      • Well-thatched or corrugated iron sheet roof to prevent leakage and so to keep the maize dry
    3. State two maintenance practices carried out on the Structures (2 marks)
      • clear bush around the structures and remove trash that harbours weevils
      • repair leaking roof
      • clean store after maize is finished
      • disinfect the store before putting in new barvest
  3.    
    1. Name tools labeled B,C,D,E
      • B- Burdizzor
      • C-Drenching gun
      • D-Wool shears
      • E-Strip Cup
    2. State the use of each of the tools B, C, D, E
      • B- Burdizzor - blood cells/ closed castration 
      • C-Drenching gun - Shooting liquid medicine into mouth of livestock
      • D-Wool shears - For shearing sheep 
      • E-Strip Cup - testing mastitis in lactating cows
  4.      
    1. Identify the practice shown in T and U
      • Identification of livestock
    2. Name methods in T and U
      • T-ear-notching - U-ear tagging
    3. State one advantage of method T over U
      • T-Less injurious than U to the animal; T is also flexible
    4. Give two reasons why practice T and U is practiced
      • Identify lost and find animals
      • Farm records on health, feeding, breeding to
      • Discourage theft of livestock

Section C (40 marks)
Answer any two questions in this section

  1.    
    1. Give 5 qualities that eggs for incubation should have
      • They should be fertilized: keep cocks with hens at ratio of 1:15
      • They should be of medium size, abut 57g
      • They should have a smooth cell
      • They should be clean to ensure that pores are open
      • They should have no abnormalities e.g. blood spots, meat spots or double yolks
      • Not cracked
      • Not more than week old
    2. Describe procedures to be followed to ensure clean milk production
      • Milking utensils e.g buckets, milk cans, sieves, strip cups, milkingjelly and warm water are collected and assembled in the milking shed and checked for cleanliness. The cow is brought to the milking crush which has been properly cleaned. Hind legs are tied with a rope.
      • A clean healthy milkman, dressed in a white overall, grooms the udder of the cow to remove loose hair. He proceeds to wash the udder and teats with warm water containing a recommended antiseptic. The udder and tests are then dried with a clean cloth. the milkman tests for mastitis using the strip cup. By drawing a few drops from each teat he checks for the consistency of the milk. If the milk has clots or blood or other abnormalities the cow is set aside to be milked last.
      • Milking should take place quickly by applying pressure to the outside of the teat while holding the teat between the index finger and the thumb. This is done as quickly as possible until the last drop of milk is drawn out. The milking jelly or milking salve is applied on the teats to prevent them from cracking, before the cow is released to go and graze.
      • milk from each cow is weighed and recorded. It is strained as it is put into the milk can. The can is covered to keep off dust and flies. Finally, the milk is cooled rapidly to 4°C to stop multiplication of bacteria.
    3. State five ways by which a farmer can minimise loss of farm tool from the farm.
      • keep inventory which helps when checking
      • keep an issue book where tools are signed for by users
      • have a tool rack which facilitates quick check
      • keep tools under lock and key when not in use
      • hold one person responsible for all tools
  2.      
    1. Describe how a calf is trained to drink milk from a bucket
      • the correct amount of milk at the body temperature is measured and put into a clean bucket
      • two clean fingers are put into the mouth of the calf
      • when the calf starts licking the fingers the head is lowered into the bucket
      • the calf sucks in milk as it licks the fingers
      • the fingers are then withdrawn and the calf continues to drink milk
      • the process is repeated several times until the call gets used to drinking milk directly from the bucket 
    2. State five limitations of animal power on the farm
      • slow rate of working - inefficient working / limited depth of ploughing
      • animals need to be guided by more than one person
      • needed for training animals to work
      • need to feed animals for some time before working is time consuming
      • animals get tired and need to be given time io rest
      • animals get sick which disrupts whole field working programme
      • animals may refuse to work and fall down deliberately e.g.ploughing oxen
      • animals destroy crops when working-need to be muzzled 
      • only male sex in animals is used for workings
    3. State four factors that may necessitate culling in a flock of layers
      • poor birds or stunted growth
      • chronic diseases or injuries that render birds unproductive
      • old age which lowers production
      • vices in the flock such as egg eating and cannibalism
      • poor layers
      • those that don't lay eggs regularly
    4. Outline six features in a camel adaptation that enable them to survive in arid areas
      • they have wide body temperature range/ withstand wide temperature range
      • body tissues can lose large quantities of water without physiological disturbances/ withstand dehydration of body tissues
      • high water drinking capacity without suffering from water intoxication
      • can control excessive loss of water during excretion/ ability to produce concentrated urine
      • can maintain appetite in conditions of thirst have low respiration rate i.e. 5-8 respirations per minute when resting
      • hump is composed of fatty tissues and is an energy reserve which when oxidized releases metabolic water in scarcity of food and water
      • broad, flat and padded hooves that enable them walk on loose soil and sand without sinking or getting tired
      • highly resistant to most tropical diseases and pests
      • can feed on shrubs and dry thory plants e.g. camel thom (Alhagimaurorumand salt worts (Haloxylonrecitrvum))
  3.       
    1. Describe maintenance practices carried out on farm buildings.
      • painting walls and wooden surfaces
      • greasing hinges of doors
      • oiling exposed metal parts to prevent rusting e.g. steel posts -regular cleaning
      • Repair broken doors, windows, windows, handles etc.
      • using buildings for the correct purposes
      • avoiding banging objects into buildings
      • sealing of leaking roofs
      • plastering, cementing walls to avoid vermin
      • resealing / walling of cracked walls
      • painting wooden parts of roof with old engine oil to control insect attacks
    2. Describe the digestion of grass in the rumen of an adult ruminant
      • feed is stored in the rumen
      • coarse grass is regurgitated for further chewing in the mouth/chewing cud
      • saliva is mixed with feed while chewing cud-creates alkaline pH suitable for fermentation in the rumen
      • in the rumen carbohydrates are broken down into volatile fatty acids(VFAs)-acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid
      • proteins are broken down into peptides /amino acids and gases like ammonia are released
      • amino acids -essential amino acids are synthesized from armonia and other non-protein nitrogen by microorganisms
      • vitamins A and K are also synthesized 
      • Much of the volatile fatty acids and ammonia are reabsorbed through the rumen wall into the bloodstream
      • Gases like methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are got rid of through belching
    3. State four reasons why should be weighed immediately after farrowing and weaning
      • for selection purposes i.e breeding, culling or sale
      • to know weight gain /food conversion/growth rateto determine genetic potential of the sow/mother
      • to determine level of management of the sow during gestation period
      • to determine the sows mothering ability
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