History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Lanjet Joint Mock Exams 2020

Instructions to Candidates

1. This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
2. Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
3. Answers to all the questions must be written in the answer booklet provided.

SECTION A:(25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section

1. What type of government is practiced in Kenya? Give a reason. ( 2 marks)
2. Name two communities that belong to the highland nilotes. ( 2 marks)
3. Which was the main item of trade from East Africa during the Indian Ocean Trade? (1 mark)
4. Give one way in which one can loose Kenyan citizenship by registration. ( 1 mark)
5. List two ways in which Kenyan communities interacted in the Pre- Colonial era. ( 2 marks)
6. Identify one symbol of national unity in Kenya. ( 1 mark)
7. Name two features of the independence constitution. ( 2 marks)
8. Name the body that is mandated to conduct elections in Kenya. ( 1 mark)
9. List two methods used by the British to establish their rule in Kenya. ( 2 marks)
10. Give one reason why Africans participated in the provision of education in the Colonial Kenya. ( 1 mark)
11. Why did the loyalist Kikuyu chiefs mainly form the Kikuyu Association in 1920? ( 1 mark)
12. State two contributions of Daniel ArapMoi in Kenya’s history. ( 2 marks)
13. Name two national days in Kenya. ( 2 marks)
14. Give two pillars of African socialism. ( 2 marks)
15. Which is the main challenge facing the Industrial Sector in Kenya since Independence ?( 1 mark)
16. State the main function of the County Assembly in Kenya. ( 1 mark)
17. What is the main source of revenue for the Kenyan Government? ( 1 mark)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section

18.       
    1. State three functions of the Council of Elders among the Agikuyu. ( 3 marks)
    2. Describe the Social Organization of the Ameru during the Pre- Colonial Period. (12 marks)
19.    
    1. Name three functions of Nairobi. ( 3 marks)
    2. Discuss the solutions to the many problems affecting Nairobi. (12 marks)
20.    
    1. List three objectives of Missionary Education during the colonial period. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six negative effects of Urbanization during the Colonial period. (12 marks)
21.    
    1. Identify three settlement Schemes established in Kenya after Independence. (3 marks)
    2. Discuss the Challenges facing the Health sector in Kenya since 1963. (12 marks)

SECTION C:(30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

22.       
    1. State three Requirements that one should meet for him or her to be registered as a Kenyan. (3 marks)
    2. Explain the Powers and functions of the president of Kenya as derived from the constitution of Kenya. (12 marks)
23.    
    1. Give five circumstances under which a judge may be dismissed from office. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five ways in which parliamentary supremacy is upheld in Kenya.(10marks)
24.    
    1. List five circumstances under which a sitting governor may be removed from office. (5 marks)
    2. Discuss the functions of the Commission of Revenue Allocation. (10 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section

1. What type of government is practiced in Kenya? Give a reason. ( 2 marks)
   Democratic government. This is because we have regular elections every five years.
2. Name two communities that belong to the highland nilotes. ( 2 marks)
   
   • Tugen
   • Nandi
   • Kipsigis
   • Marakwet
   • Keiyo
   • Pokot
   • Sabaot.
3. Which was the main item of trade from East Africa during the Indian Ocean Trade? (1 mark)
   Slaves were the main item
4. Give one way in which one can loose Kenyan citizenship by registration. ( 1 mark)
   • If a person acquired citizenship by fraud, false representation or concealment of any material fact.
   • If the person has, during any war in which Kenya was engaged, unlawfully traded or communicated with an enemy or been engaged in or associated with any business that was knowingly carried on in such a manner as to assist an enemy in that war.
   • If the person has, within five years after registration, been convicted of an offence and sentenced to imprisonment for a term of three years or longer.
   • If a person has, at any time after registration, been convicted of treason, or of an offence for which a penalty of at least seven years imprisonment may be imposed.
5. List two ways in which Kenyan communities interacted in the Pre- Colonial era. ( 2 marks)
   
   • Through intermarriages
   • Through trade
   • Through raids and wars
6. Identify one symbol of national unity in Kenya. ( 1 mark)
   
   • National anthem
   • National flag
   • Coat of Arms
   • Public seal
7. Name two features of the independence constitution. ( 2 marks)
   • Regional/majimbo government.
   • Bicameral parliament consisting of the senate and the house of representatives
   • Multiparty system of government and the party with the majority of seats forming the government.
   • It contained the bill of rights
   • An elaborate scheme to protect the minority rights.
   • Independent electoral commission
   • The constitution provided for an independent and impartial judiciary
   • It provided for public service commission.
   • An independent land board.
8. Name the body that is mandated to conduct elections in Kenya. ( 1 mark)
   Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC)
9. List two methods used by the British to establish their rule in Kenya. ( 2 marks)
   • Signing of treaties;
   • Military conquest/ Use of force.
   • Use of missionaries as frontrunners.
   • Treachery and Divide and rule policy
   • Use of company rule.
   • Luring/enticements.
   • Diplomatic skills.
10. Give one reason why Africans participated in the provision of education in the Colonial Kenya. ( 1 mark)
    • They wanted to protect certain cultural practices like feral circumcision and polygamy.
    • They wanted to access higher education, since the government and missionaries were only offering them technical and industrial education, so that to be able to compete for the white-collar jobs with other races.
    • They would also use the schools as a forum to air their grievances and to create political awareness in their community.
11. Why did the loyalist Kikuyu chiefs mainly form the Kikuyu Association in 1920? ( 1 mark)
    They were concerned about the continuous land grabbing in central Kenya.
12. State two contributions of Daniel Arap Moi in Kenya’s history. ( 2 marks)
    
    • In 1957 he was elected to the Legco
    • He founded African Elected Members Organisation. (AEMO)
    • When KANU was formed in 1960 he was elected acting assistant Treasurer of the party.
    • In 1960 Moi with Ronald Ngala founded KADU to defend the Interests of minority tribes
    • In 1961 Moi was elected as a member of parliamentary secretary to
    • the ministry of education
    • He visited Kenyatta in detention.
    • He visited Kikuyu inmates at Naivasha detention camp.
    • He established Nyayo wards
    • He established Nyayo Tea zone
    • Visited Kenyatta at the place of detention in Kapenguria
    • Attended Lancaster House Conference of 1962
    • Declared HIV / AIDS a national disaster in 2001
    • Acted as a vice president from 1967 – 1978
13. Name two National Days in Kenya. ( 2 marks)
    Madaraka Day- 1st June
    Mashujaa Day- 20th October
    Jamuhuri Day- 12th December
14. Give two pillars of African socialism. ( 2 marks)
    
    • Political Democracy.
    • Various forms of ownership of wealth.
    • Mutual social responsibility..
    • A range of control to ensure that property is used in mutual interests of society and its members.
    • Progressive taxation to ensure an equitable distribution of wealth and income.
    • Diffusion of ownership to avoid concentration of economic power on a few people in the society.
15. Which is the main challenge facing the Industrial Sector in Kenya since Independence ?( 1 mark)
    The problem of multi-nationals whose interests do not favour Kenya’s progress. These Multi-national co-operation repatriate capital to their own home countries
16. State the main function of the County Assembly in Kenya. ( 1 mark)
17. What is the main source of revenue for the Kenyan Government? ( 1 mark)
    To make laws for the effective performance of the county government.

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section

18.    
    1. State three functions of the Council of Elders among the Agikuyu. ( 3 marks)
       
       • settling disputes
       • Deliberating on day to day activities
       • Administering justice
       • Handled disputes such as inheritance disputes
       • Acted as a final court of appeal.
    2. Describe the Social Organization of the Ameru during the Pre- Colonial Period. (12 marks)
       
       • The Ameru was a system characterized by the existence of various councils from the council of children to the supreme council of Njuri Ncheke. This was meant to ensure the highest moral standards in the community.
       • Marriage was regarded highly among the Ameru and a married woman would be assigned to an elderly woman (midwife) whom she must give gifts like millet, peas and black beans in exchange for midwifery. Any spouse who involved in adultery or any girl who was not a virgin at the time of marriage was stoned to death by a stoning council made up of male initiates. Marriage was exogamous (no one was allowed to marry from their clan).
       • Before a male child was considered mature, he underwent several stages including circumcision. Before circumcision of both boys and girls, two ceremonies were performed after which they became full members of the community.
       • The time of making spots where the ear-hole perforation would be done.
       • The time of actual perforation of the ears.
       • The Ameru believed in the existence of a supreme being called Baaba Weetu who was a loving father and took care of all. He was omnipresent.
       • The Ameru also believed in the existence of spirits which either brought happiness or tears depending on how one lived on earth.
       • They believed in life after death with good people going where rains come from when they die. Libations were offered to ancestors to quench their thirst and relieve their hunger
       • Building houses in the Ameru community was the work of women while men defended the community.
19.    
    1. Name three functions of Nairobi. ( 3 marks)
       
       • It is a transport and communication centre.
       • It is an administrative capital
       • It is a regional headquarter of various international bodies like UN, ILO etc.
       • It is a commercial and financial centre.
       • An industrial centre.
       • It is an educational centre, housing institutions like the University of Nairobi.
       • It is a tourist centre.
    2. Discuss the solutions to the many problems affecting Nairobi. (12 marks)
       
       • New housing projects are being developed. For example the Mathare slums upgrading project.
       • The education and other social services are being provided through a cost-sharing scheme between the government and the town dwellers.
       • The government is addressing the transport/congestion problem through the upgrading of the Thika superhighway to an eight lane highway; the Nairobi Syokimau Railway service was commissioned by president Kibaki I November 2012 to de-congest jogoo road. Etc.
       • The government is encouraging the expansion of the informal sector as an alternative source of employment.
       • The government is rehabilitating street families by taking them to school s to acquire relevant skills to make them useful to the nation.
       • New water projects have been put in place. For example, the third Nairobi water Project from River Chania.
       • The government is sensitizing, through NGOs and GOs, civilians about responsible sex as a measure to curb the spread of HIV/AIDS.
20.    
    1. List three objectives of Missionary Education during the colonial period. (3 marks)
       • To impart in the Africans Agricultural Skills in order to promote settler farming.
       • To give the Africans basic technical skills to improve their industrial knowledge.
       • To train some Africans as Catechists to enhance the spread of Christianity.
       • To offer Africans basic literacy and numeracy to read the bible and do simple arithmetic.
    2. Explain six negative effects of Urbanization during the Colonial period. (12 marks)
       • There were inadequate housing facilities to meet the demands of the people. This led to overcrowding especially in slums/shanties led to the outbreak of diseases. Lack of planning of housing led to poor drainage and sanitation facilities.
       • Africans in urban areas were subjected to racial discrimination. The social services provided to the Africans were inadequate and of poor quality. Even houses in towns were occupied according to the various racial groups, with Europeans enjoying the best facilities.
       • Increased population in urban centres led to serious water shortages. Establishment of industries in urban centres led to pollution of the environment, which affected the health of the inhabitants.
       • There was rampant unemployment as urban centres could not cope with the large influx of labourers and increased competition for the available jobs
       • Many unemployed people in urban areas got involved in social vices / crimes such as drug abuse, alcoholism and promiscuity, due to desperation and poverty.
       • Africans working in urban centres received low wages with employers taking advantage of the high supply of labour, which affected their standards of living.
       • The mass rural-urban migration brought about intensification of migration regulations to control the numbers of African migrants. The Kipande system became stricter.
       • Economic activities in the rural areas were disrupted by the absence of men who had moved to urban areas. Women took up men’s roles.
21.    
    1. Identify three settlement Schemes established in Kenya after Independence. (3 marks)
       
       • The Million Acre Scheme
       • The Harambee Scheme
       • The Haraka Scheme
       • The Shirika Scheme
    2. Discuss the Challenges facing the Health sector in Kenya since 1963. (12 marks)
       
       • Increase in population has posed major challenges to the government in the
       • Provision of healthcare services to its citizens. There has been a challenge of
       • Inadequate doctors and medical facilities.
       • The cost- sharing policy introduced in the 1980s to help buy medicine and other
       • Equipment has prevented the poor from going to the hospitals.
       • The spread of HIV and AIDS and other diseases such as Diabetes and Heart diseases has worsened the situation.
       • Cultural practices like Female mutilation have made provision of medical services more challenging.
       • Pollution of the environment has increased allergy-related ailments, many of which have no cure.
       • Poverty and malnutrition render many people vulnerable to diseases.
       • Illegal abortion and early pregnancies endanger the lives of mothers.
       • High rate of accidents and injuries , especially on roads

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

22.      
    1. State three Requirements that one should meet for him or her to be registered as a Kenyan. (3 marks)
       
       • If a person has been married to a Kenyan citizen for a period of at least seven years.
       • If A person who has been lawfully resident in Kenya for a continuous period of at least seven years applies to be registered.
       • If a child who is not a citizen, is adopted by a citizen and applies to be registered.
       • Citizenship may be granted to individuals who are citizens of other countries that allow Kenyans citizenship in their countries.
    2. Explain the Powers and functions of the president of Kenya as derived from the constitution of Kenya. (12 marks)
       
       • He represents the government and the people of Kenya both locally and internationally.
       • He receives foreign diplomatic and consular representatives.
       • He is the head of Government.
       • He nominates a deputy president to deputize him.
       • He is the Commander-in-Chief of the Kenya Defense Forces
       • He has powers to declare a state of emergency, declare war with the approval of parliament.
       • He is the chairperson of the National Security Council of Kenya.
       • The President has the duty to safeguard the Constitution, ensure the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms and the rule of law, safeguard the sovereignty of the republic, promote and enhance unity of the nation and promote respect for diversity.
       • The President has legislative powers to address the opening of each newly elected Parliament. He also addresses a special sitting of parliament once every year and any other time.
       • The President chairs Cabinet meetings and assigns responsibility for the implementation and administration of any Act of Parliament to a Cabinet Secretary.
       • He presides over national holidays during which he expounds on government policy.
       • He confers honours in the name of people and republic on men and women of Kenya for outstanding achievements. E.g. OGH, OBS, DSM, HSC and EBS.
       • He may, on petition of any person, exercise mercy powers in accordance with the advice of the advisory committee.
       • The President ensures that the international obligations of the Republic are fulfilled through the actions of the relevant Cabinet Secretaries.
23.    
    1. Give five circumstances under which a judge may be dismissed from office. (5 marks)
       
       • Inability to perform the functions of the office arising from mental or physical incapacity.
       • A breach of a code of conduct prescribed for judges or superior courts by an act of parliament.
       • Bankruptcy.
       • Incompetence.
       • Gross misconduct or misbehavior.
    2. Explain five ways in which parliamentary supremacy is upheld in Kenya. (10 marks)
       
       • It is the only Body that makes and repeals laws. Technically, a constitutional court can overrule an act of parliament, but parliament can change the law to prevent that from happening.
       • Parliament can remove the president from office by impeachment. A member of the national assembly, with the support of at least a third of all the members, may move an impeachment motion.
       • Parliament through an amendment of the constitution, can limit the powers of the executive. It can also pass a vote of no confidence in the government, compelling the president and his/her cabinet secretaries to resign.
       • Cabinet secretaries are accountable to the parliament for their activities in the ministries under their control. They have to answer questions in parliament about their ministries.
       • Bills prepared by the cabinet have to be legislated by parliament, which is a law making body.
       • Parliament has to approve government expenditure. The Cabinet secretary in charge of Finance annually presents the budget to parliament for approval by MPs.
       • List five circumstances under which a sitting governor may be removed from office. (5 marks)
       • Gross violation of the Constitution or any other law.
       • When the county governor commits a crime under national or international law.
    3. When the governor abuses office or is accused of gross misconduct.
       
       • When he/she suffers from Physical or mental incapacity that hinders performance of the functions of office.
       • When the county governor is declared Bankrupt.
       • Discuss the functions of the Commission of Revenue Allocation. (10 marks)
       • It is responsible for determining the basis for the equitable sharing of revenue from national resources between the national government and the various levels of devolved government.
       • It makes recommendations on matters concerning the financing, and financial management by county governments
       • It determines and regularly reviews a policy that set out the criteria by which to identify the marginalized areas.
       • It defines and enhances the revenue sources of the national and county governments.
       • It submits its recommendations to the senate, national assembly, the national executive, county assemblies and county executives.
       • It mediates in and determines disputes relating to financial arrangements between the national government and devolved governments.