Instructions to Candidates
- This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
- Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
- Answers to all the questions must be written in the answer booklet provided.
SECTION A (25mks)
Answer all the questions in this section.
- Mention one disadvantages of electronic records as a source of history. (1mk)
- Give the main reason why early agriculture developed in Egypt. (1mk)
- State two problems faced by traders using barter system. (2mks)
- Identify the main role of the Berbers during the Trans-Saharan trade. (1mk)
- Name one metal that was used as currency in pre-colonial Africa. (1 mark)
- Give one advantage of using pipeline over vehicles in transporting oil. (1mks)
- Identify two negative effects of television. (2mks)
- State the main contribution of Dr. Christian Bernard in the field of medicine. (1mk)
- Identify two official appointed by the Kabaka to assist him in administration of Buganda in the 19th C. (2mks)
- Give two economic reasons which made European countries to scramble for colonies in Africa. (2mks)
- Identify two limitations of indirect rule in Africa. (2 marks)
- State two functions of Emirs in Northern Nigeria during colonial era.(2mks)
- Identify two weapons used during cold war. (2mks)
- Name one leader who was the founder of the Non-Aligned movements. (1 mark)
- Name the head of the government in Aristocratic government. (1 mark)
- Which body is in charge of elections in USA? (1 mark)
- Name two permanent members of the United Nations (UN) Security Council (2mks)
SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.
-
- Give three ways in which Homo Erectus attempted to improve his way of life. (3mks)
- Discuss six benefits of discovery of fire to early man . (12mks)
-
- State five disadvantages of using fire and smoke signals in communication. (5mks)
- Explain the impacts of modern means of communications. (10mks)
-
- State three factors influencing the growth of London. (3mks)
- Explain six problems facing Johannesburg as an urban center . (12mks)
-
- List down three ways used by Nationalists in Ghana to fight for independence. (3 marks)
- Discuss six factors that led to development of African Nationalism in Ghana. ( 12 marks)
SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer any two questions in this section
-
- Identify three roles played by United States of America in ending the Second World War.( 3mks)
- Explain six causes of the Cold War after 1945. (12 marks)
-
- Give three functions of the East African Legislative Assembly. (3 marks)
- Discuss six achievements of ECOWAS. (12 marks)
-
- State three functions of the House of Lords. (3 marks)
- Explain six factors that limit parliamentary supremacy in Britain. (12 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (25mks)
Answer all the questions in this section.
- Mention one disadvantages of electronic records as a source of history.(1mks)
- They are subject to bias
- May be subjected to censorship
- They are expensive
- Some films are unrealistic and subject to exaggeration
- They are dependent on electricity
- Give the MAIN reason why early agriculture developed in Egypt.(1mk)
Existence of the River Nile which provided water for irrigation. - State two problems faced by traders using barter system. ( 2mks)
- Some trade goods are indivisible
- Some goods are perishable
- It is cumbersome to transport bulky goods over long distances.
- It has no common measure of value.
- It depends on double coincidence of wants
- Has little room for bargaining due to lack of a common language (Any 2x1=2mks)
- Identify the main role of the Berbers during the Trans-Saharan trade. (1mk)
They financed the trade (1x1=1mk) - Name one metal that was used as currency in pre-colonial Africa. (1 mark)
- Iron
- Gold
- Copper
- Silver
- Bronze
- Give one advantage of using pipeline over vehicles in transporting oil.
- The pipeline delivers oil faster than vehicles.
- It is safer to transport oil by pipeline than vehicles.
- The pipeline ensures regular / continuous supply of oil to required areas / depots.
- It is easier to maintain the pipeline than vehicles. (1x1 = 1mk)
- Identify two negative effects of television
- Television sets are expensive to obtain and maintain
- May erode moral values
- Some programmes may promote violence.
- Rely on electricity which may not always be available.
- Television watching may become addictive.
- Some of the advertisements encourage drug abuse. (Any 2x1= 2mk)
- State the MAIN contribution of Dr. Christian Bernard in the field of medicine. (1mk)
He pioneered in heart transplant. - Identify one official appointed by the Kabaka to assist him in administration of Buganda in the 19th C.
- Katikiro/ Mugema (Prime minister)
- Omulamuzi (chief justice)
- Omuwanika (treasurer)
- Chiefs (Any 2x1=1mk)
- Give two economic reasons which made European countries to scramble for colonies in Africa.
- To obtain raw materials for their industries
- To search for market for the manufactured goods
- To acquire areas to invest their surplus capital. (Any2x1=2mks)
- Identify two limitations of indirect rule in Africa.
- There was language barrier between the local colonial officials and the local African rulers.
- System was only suited with regions with well established indigenous administrative systems.
- New roles given to African rulers such as recruitment of labour made them unpopular.
- Lugard’s idea of education for chiefs needed time and patience.
- Through the system the local rulers lost their independence
- The African chiefs were more interested in the matters they understood than their new and unfamiliar duties like collection of taxes (Any 2x1=2mks)
- State two functions of Emirs in Northern Nigeria during colonial era.(2mks)
- Collected taxes
- Maintained law and order
- Recruited labour for public works
- Presided over local law courts where customary law applied
- Headed local government in their areas of jurisdiction.
- Appointed village heads (Any 2x1=2mks)
- Identify two weapons used during cold war. (any 2x1=2mks)
- Propaganda
- Economic sanctions
- Financial aid to enemies of the opposing side
- Military aid to enemies of opposing side
- Name one leader who was the founder of the Non-Aligned movements. (1 mark)
- Broz Tito -Yugoslavia
- Gamal Abdel Nasser – Egypt.
- Jawaharlal pandit - India
- Dr Ahmed surkano - Indonesia
- Chno-en-lai - China. 1x1=1 mark
- Name the head of the government in Aristocratic government. (1 mark)
King /Queen 1x1=1 mark - Which body is in charge of elections in USA? (1 mark)
Electoral College. 1x1=1 mark - Name two permanent members of the United Nations(UN) Security Council (2mks)
- Britain
- France
- U.S.A
- China
Russia (2mks)
SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.
-
- Give three ways in which Homo Erectus attempted to improve his way of life (3mks)
- Used improved stone tools using Levallois method
- invented fire which was used for cooking and lighting
- man lived in caves for more permanent settlement and security
- made clothes out of animal skins by scrapping them clean using efficient stone tools
- Created leisure activities such as art work
- Developed language for effective communication. (any 3x1mks)
- Discuss six benefits of discovery of fire to early man (12mks)
- the discovery and use of fire made to keep it possible for early man to keep warm during coldnight and seasons
- fire enhanced the security of early men as it was kept burning to keep wild animals away and other source of danger
- it was source lighting at night which facilitated other productive activities at night
- it was used as a source of food preservation method i.e. drying meat and fish
- it was used to scare animals towards set traps so that they were easily caught
- fire was used for communication
- it was used to cook and make food palatable and more nutritious
- it was used to bake and harden wood for special use e.g. hoe sticks and stool parts(any 6x2=12mkls)
- Give three ways in which Homo Erectus attempted to improve his way of life (3mks)
-
- State five disadvantages of using fire and smoke signals in communication. (5mks)
- Hard to start during rainy season
- could only give one meaning
- could not give a private information
- could only cover a short distance
- could become useless if no one is on the look out
- could not be visible in cloudy on misty weather (any 5x1=5mks)
- Explain the impacts of modern means of communications (10mks)
- Serves as a medium of modern communication.
- highly enhanced the level of entertainment
- has facilitated space exploration
- has encouraged speedy spread of ideas and information across the world
- Has led to destructive warfare like the use of military satellite to direct missiles to their targets
- led to terrorism
- Diseases such as cancer due to prolong exposure to radioactive substances.
- Enhanced business transactions e.g. e-commerce.
- Has served as a medium of public education (any 5x1=10mks)
- State five disadvantages of using fire and smoke signals in communication. (5mks)
-
- State three factors influencing the growth of London (3mks)
- Trading activities
- Industrialization
- improvement of transport
- shipping activities
- Explain six problems facing Johannesburg as an urban center (12mks)
- Black Africans who work around Johannesburg were often treated almost as slaves though they are the majority
- Most of the workers who work in and around Johannesburg live in shanties mainly because of underpayment.
- Unemployment
- HIV/AIDS pandemics
- crime
- Industrial pollution
- Class divisions Europeans and the majority, blacks (any 6x2=12mks)
- State three factors influencing the growth of London (3mks)
-
- Three ways used by Nationalists in Ghana to fight for independence.
- They formed political parties.
- They used boycotts / demonstrations / strikes / go-slows.
- They organized political rallies to mobilize mass support.
- They used newspapers to articulate their views.
- They used the legislative council.
- They composed songs / poems to attack colonialism.
- Use of trade unions.
- Used international fora. (3 x1 = 3mks)
- Six factors that led to development of African Nationalism in Ghana.
- Inadequate African representation in legislative council caused discontent among the Ghanaians.
- Loss of powers by traditional African chiefs created discontent against the colonial governments.
- They need to guard against land alienation by the British united the Africans.
- Introduction of taxation by the colonial government was resented by Ghanaians.
- The meager earnings by Africans from the sale of Cocoa to Europeans created discontent among them,.
- The order by colonial government that farmers uproot their crops due to prevalence of the rooker shoot disease upset them.
- The involvement of the ex-servicemen in the Second World War inspired them to fight for their independence.
- The attainment of independence by India and Pakistan in 1947 encouraged the Ghanaians to demand for their rights to govern themselves.
- The existence of young educated Ghanaians who had understood the ideals of democracy / freedom who inspired the masses towards a worthy cause.
- High rate of unemployment among the Africans created resentment / discontent.
- The United Nations charters declaration of the importance of political independence for all the people in their struggle against colonial domination.
- The selective granting of trading license to European traders while denying the same to Africans created discontent. (6x2 = 12mks)
- Three ways used by Nationalists in Ghana to fight for independence.
SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer any two questions in this section
-
- Three roles played by United States of America in ending the Second World War.
- The U.S.A. provided modern military equipment to the allied forces.
- She gave financial support to the allied forces.
- She provided military personnel to the allies powers.
- USA blockaded the Panama canal against the axis powers.
- She dropped atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki which forced Japan to surrender.(3x1 = 3mks)
- Six causes of the Cold War after 1945.
- Arms race. The disagreements between Soviet Union and Unites States of America over reduction of arms led to arms race.
- The occupation of Eastern Europe by Soviet Union caused feat among USA and its allies in Western Europe / iron curtain policy.
- Ideology. The ideological differences punished by the USA and USSR created mistrust/suspicion among them leading to hostility.
- The domination of both United Nations by the USA and her allies was checked by USSR through the use of her veto power thus increasing the tension.
- The involvement of both United States of America and USSR in European conflicts in the late 1940s created tension among them.
- Marshal plan. America marshal plan to revive European economies after the war made USSR to counteract by forming a similar one, thus enhancing tension.
- Formation of military alliance. NATO by United States and her allies to form a similar alliance while USSR formed the Warsaw Pact , thus intensifying rivalry
- Berlin wall. Construction of Berlin war by USSR in Germany to made USSR Western influence led to increased tension. (6x2 = 12mks)
- Three roles played by United States of America in ending the Second World War.
-
- Give three functions of the East African Legislative Assembly. (3 marks)
- Provides a forum for debate on E. African issues.
- Acts as a watchdog for the East African community.
- Participates in the legislative processes ie law making. (3 x 1 = 3marks)
- Explain six achievements of ECOWAS
- Enhanced movement of goods between member states through the removal of trade barriers.
- Has promoted cultural exchange between member states.
- Member states have benefited from shared services/facilities e.g education, transport communication and agriculture and industry.
- Has helped in conflict resolution through ECOMOG.
- Established a Development Fund for members.
- Has enhanced unity between Francophone and Anglophone countries in the region.
- Created a wider market for goods produced in the region. (Any 6 x 2 = 12 marks)
- Give three functions of the East African Legislative Assembly. (3 marks)
-
- Three functions of the House of Lords.
- It amends, accepts or rejects bills in collaboration with the lower house.
- It initiates routine and non-controversial bills which the lower house has no time to address.
- Holds bills from the lower house long enough to seek public approval.
- Questions ministers about the activities of the government / checks on the powers of the executive.
- Debates on general issues of national policy.
- Sits as a court of appeal for criminal cases. (any 3x1 = 3mks)
- Six factors that limit parliamentary supremacy in Britain.
- Moral values whatever decisions members of the House of Commons make, they must consider moral values of the British society.
- Public opinion members of parliament must be sensitive to public opinion especially because an unpopular government (party) may not be re-elected.
- Local authorities are empowered to make by-laws without consulting parliament.
- The interests of the institutions are always taken into account before laws are passed in parliament e.g. the church, universities, trade unions etc.
- A legislation passed by one parliament can be changed by a future one.
- International law is also taken into account when laws are made. (6x2 = 12mks)
- Three functions of the House of Lords.
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