History and Government Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Sukellemo Joint Mock Examinations July 2020

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:

This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all questions in section A, three questions from section B, and two questions from section C
Answers to all questions must be written in a separate booklet provided.

SECTION	QUESTIONS	MARKS
A	1-17
B	18
	19
	20
	21
C	22
	23
	24

QUESTIONS

Answer all questions from this section.(25marks)

Name one branch of History. (1mk)
State the main economic development of the early man in the late Stone Age. (2 mk)
Name the form of writing associated with the Sumerians. (1mk)
Give two characteristics of regional trade. (2mks)
Define 'space Age' (1mk)
State two advantages of using steel over iron as a source of energy during the industrial revolution in Europe. (2mks)
Mention two activities that took place during the Odwira Festivals. (2mks)
State the main factor that led to growth of the ancient town of Kilwa. (1 mk)
Name two African communities that took part in Maji Maji rebellion (1905-1907.) (2mks)
Identify two reasons why Lewanika collaborated with the British. (2mks)
Name the chartered companies that administered Zimbabwe during the process of colonization. (1mk)
Give two economic reasons for the growth of African nationalism in Ghana. (2mks)
Which incident forced Japan to surrender unconditionally to allied powers in 1945? (1mk)
State two ways in which the treaty of Versailles affected Germany. (2mks)
Name two countries outside Europe with veto power in UN Security Council. (2mks)
Name the policy adopted by France and Britain after the 1" world war to avoid another war. (1mk)
Identify one type of elections in Britain. (1mk)

SECTION B.(45 MARKS):
Answer any three questions from this section.

1. State three hunting methods used by man during the Old Stone Age. (3mks)
2. Discuss the culture of man in the Middle Stone Age period. (12mks)
1. State three ways through which slaves were obtained in the Trans-Atlantic trade. (3mks)
2. Explain six social effects of the Trans-Atlantic trade. (12mks)
1. State three economic factors for the growth of Buganda Kingdom. (3mks)
2. Describe the social organization of the Mwene Mutapa Kingdom in the 19^th C (12mks)
1. Identify three methods used by nationalists in Ghana to fight for independence. (3mks)
2. Explain six factors that favoured the FRELIMO in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (12mks)

SECTION C :( 30 MARKS):
Answer any TWO questions from this section.

1. Identify any five affiliated agencies of the United Nations. (5 mks)
2. Explain five factors that have undermined the activities of the United Nations. (10mks)
1. State five factors for the rise of Pan-Africanism. (5 mks)
2. Discuss five achievements of the East Africa Community from 2001. (10mks)
1. Identify five groups of people that are not allowed to contest for constituency seats in Britain. (5mks)
2. Describe five functions of the Prime Minister of India. (10mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

Name one branch of History. (1 mk)
- Social, economic, political history. (Any 1 x 1amk)
State the main economic development of the early man in the late stone age. (1 mk)
- Domestication of crops and animals/agriculture. (Any 1x1=1mk)
For of writing associated with Sumerians.
- Cuneiform. (1x1=1mk)
Give two characteristics of regional trade.
- It involved a large geographical area.
- It involved a large variety of goods.
- Involved many traders.
- Some traders acted as middlemen between producers and consumers.
- Involved specialization as a major means of their livelihood. (Any 2x1=2mks)
Define the term "Space Age"
- Refers to a period in which the exploration of the space became possible. (1mk)
Two advantages of using steel over iron in the industrial revolution in Europe.
- It was harder than iron.
- It was lighter than iron.
- It was stronger. Any 2xl-2 mks)
Two activities that took place during the Odwira Festivals. (2mks)
- Honoring the dead.
- Settling disputes among the Omanhenes.
- Showing loyalty to the Asantehene/King. (Any 2x1=2mks)
State the main factor for the growth of Kilwa.
- The Gold trade. (1 mk)
Name ve African communities that took part in the Maji Maji rebellion.
- Bena.
- Pogoro
- Zaramo.
- Matumbi.
- Ndendeule.
- Luguru. (Any 2x1=2mks)
Identify two reasons why Lewanika collaborated with the British. mks)
- To secure his position. -He wanted protection against Ndebele.
- He wanted to get firearms and other gifts from the British
- He wanted his people to get western education.
- He admired western civilization for his people. (Any 2x1=2mks)
Chartered company that administered Zimbabwe during colonialism.
- British South Africa Company. (Any 1xl=1mk)
Give two economic reasons for the growth of Ghanaian nationalism. (2mks)
- Poor prices offered by Europeans for African farm produce.
- Granting of trade licenses selectively/discriminatively.
- High taxation to the Africans. (Any 2x1=2mks)
Give the main incident that forced the Jananese to surrender to Allies in 1948. (1 mk)
- Dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki/bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (Any 1x1-1mk)
Two ways in which the treaty of Versailles affected Germany.(2 mks)
- Germany lost all her colonies.
- Germany was to pay heavy war reparations.
- Germany was heavily disarmed and her army reduced to 100,000 men.
- Germany lost Alsace and Lorraine back to France.
- Germany troops were not allowed in the Rhine land as it was demilitarized. (Any 2x1-2mks)
Name two countries outside Europe with veto power in UN Security council. (2mks)
- China.
- United States of America (USA) (2X1-2mks)
Policy adopted by Britain and France after WW] to prevent another war. (1 mk)
- Appeasement policy. (1x1-Imk)
Identify one type of elections in Britain.
- General elections.
- By-elections.(1x1=1mk)

SECTION B(45 MARKS):
Answer any three questions from this section.

Stare three hunting methods employed by early man in the Old Stone Are. mks)
1. - Chasing after animals and throwing stones at them.
  - Driving animals into cliffs.
  - Digging pits/trenches along the pathways.
  - Using traps/snares to catch them.
  - Driving animals towards swampy, muddy or water bodies.(Any 3x1=3mks)
2. Discuss the culture of early man in the Middle Stone Age (12mks)
  - Marked by Homo erectus.
  - Man discovered fire that he used for various purposes such as cooking food.
  - Tools made were Achaeulian/hand axes and cleavers/forest tools (sangoan tools)
  - Second phase tools were called Lavallois/still bay/Mousterian with finer pointed edges.
  - Man continued to hunt but his skills greatly improved by hunting for larger animals like buffaloes.
  - He identified places for shelter such as caves e.g. Matupi Cave in Zaire.
  - Families began living in small groups for security.
  - Distinct languages developed to enhance communication.
  - Rock paintings especially pictures of animals e.g. reindeer were common.
  - Socially, large scale hunting was exercised enhancing group settlement that strengthened man's bond. (Any 6x2-12 mks)
1. Identify three ways through which slaves were captured in the Trans-Atlantic trade. 3mks)
  - Exchange for manufactured goods/barter trade.
  - Prisoners of war were sold. -Lonely travellers were kidnapped.
  - Some African chiefs sold criminals. -Raiding of villages upon which captives were sold.
  - The weak in the society such as orphans were sold into slavery.
  - Some dealers enticed locals with gifts then sold them into slavery.
  - Panyaring i.e. people who were unable to pay debts were sold into slavery. (Any 3x13mks)
2. Explain six social effects of TransAtlantic Trade. (12mks)
  - Led to separation of many members of the society.
  - Led to death of many people (Africans) leaving behind helpless families.
  - Led to untold misery among members of the society
  - Crude methods of capturing slaves left many living in fear and insecurity.
  - Led to enmity between communities due to slave trade activities
  - Roles in communities change as those traditionally viewed as men's role were undertaken by women as men were absent.
  - Led to population decrease in West Africa as many people were taken away into slavery.
  - It exposed many Africans to diseases such as TB.
  - Settlement of Africans in Americas led to rise of African-Americans
  - It also led to rise of Mullato population in countries such as Senegal. (Any 6x2-12mks)
1. Three economic factors for growth of Buganda Kingdom.(3mks)
  - Long distance trade with Arabs and Swahili gave them capital.
  - Fertile soils for growing food to support the population.
  - Wealth from the conquered regions such as Buddu.(Any 3x13mks)
2. Describe the social organization of the Mwene Mutapa Kingdom. (12mks)
  - It was heavily influenced by religion and King regarded as divine.
  - Their religion was based on Mwari cult believed to be supreme creator.
  - They had two spirits they believed in i.e. Vadzimu (family spirits) and Mhondoro (clan spirits)
  - They had priests that presided over religious functions such as offering sacrifices to God.
  - They were divided into clans whose names were coined from animals such as leopards and became a taboo for them to eat meat from these animals.
  - They were a largely polygamous community to get many children for labour.
  - They lived in stone buildings and very skilled in masonry (Any 6x2=12mks)
1. Three factors that were used by Ghanaians to fight for independence. 3mks)
  - Use of newspapers to articulate their grievances.
  - Use of political parties.
  - Use of political rallies.
  - Use of trade unions.
  - Pan-Africanism for a.
  - Peaceful demonstrations across the country.
  - Some fought the Whites in areas of settlement.
  - Boycotts at work/hunger strikes. (Any 3x1=3mks)
2. Explain six factors that favored FRELIMO in the struggle for independence in Mozambique (12mks)
  - The FRELIMO attacked Portuguese from different sides leading to fragmentation among Portuguese.
  - Many Africans joined the struggle to attack the Portuguese
  - The country was forested thus favorable for ambushed attacks.
  - Their own terrain and topography favored them.
  - Friendly r/ship with locals and their own food cultivation supplied them.
  - Support from the communist countries such as USSR and China.
  - Independent African countries helped the FRELIMO.
  - Nationalists recognized the role played by women thus giving them more force.
  - Ethnicity was not an aspect that divided them thus one fighting unit.
  - They collaborated with fighters from Southern Rhodesia thus fighting all together(Any 6x2=12mks)

SECTION C(30MKS)
Answer any TWO questions from this section.

1. Name five affiliated agencies of the United Nations. (5 mks)
  - International Labour Organization. (ILO)
  - Food and Agricultural Organization. (FAO)
  - UNESCO.
  - WHO.
  - World Bank
  - IMF.
  - The International Finance Corporation (IFC)
  - International Civil Aviation Organization.
  - The Universal Postal Union,
  - The World Meteorological Organization.
  - The International Maritime Organization.
  - The World Intellectual Property Organization
  - The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
  - UNICEF (Any 5x1=5mks)
2. Explain five factors that undermine the performance of the UN. (10mks)
  - Ideological disputes i.e. capitalism and communism divided countries.
  - Inadequate funds as it largely depends on member states contributions.
  - Lack of an effective machinery or army of its own as it relies on the good will of member states.
  - The veto power of the big five sometimes is used to undermine UN policies.
  - Persistent border/regional conflicts undermine its operations.
  - Loyalty to other international organizations such as AU and NAM undermine its operations.
  - Issue of nationalism as many nations pledge their loyalty to their nations rather than what the UN stands for.
  - Formation of Afro-Asia-Latin American bloc to counter the big five made its work difficult as they often voted as a bloc.
  - Natural disasters such as floods have Overstretched its resources.
  - Terrorism undermines UN's operations and challenges its efforts to peace and security.
  - Different levels of development in member states as some are too poor to contribute to the UN kitty.
  - Arms race among very powerful countries has undermined its efforts towards peace implementation. (Any 5x2=10mks)
1. State five factors that led to the rise of Pan-Africanism. (5mks)
  - Africans were enslaved/slavery during TransAtlantic trade.
  - Africans were forcibly removed from their homes to strange lands.
  - The traumatizing experience as they were being loaded onto waiting ships.
  - The overcrowded ships owned by merchants.
  - Most slaves were stripped upon reaching the new world and dehumanized.
  - The humiliation meted on Africans during the auctioning united them. (Any 5x1=5mks)
2. Explain the five achievements of East African Community 2001. (10mks)
  - It has made movement of Africans among member states easier as passports were introduced.
  - It has provided a forum where leaders discuss issues harmoniously.
  - It has promoted transport and communication as train services are operational between countries such as Kenya and Uganda.
  - Tariffs produced among member states have also been reduced to enhance investment.
  - Professionals such as farmers can now interact easily to benefit from each other.
  - Civil society among member states has enhanced quality of services such as law and governance.
  - The EAC has promoted trade among the three countries as traders traverse three countries with very minimal barriers. (Any 5x2-10 mks)
1. Identify five groups of people that are not allowed to contest for parliamentary seat in Britain. (5mks)
  - The clergy of the Church of England, Scotland, Ireland and Catholic Church.
  - Holders of offices e.g. judges, civil servants and members of the armed forces.
  - Aliens.
  - Members of the House of Lords.
  - Public officials serving for the government of the day. (Any 5x1-5mks)
2. Describe five functions of the Prime Minister of India. 10mks)
  - He/She is the head of the Lok Sabha (Lower/main House)
  - He/She chairs Cabinet meetings.
  - Guides the President on appointments to the Cabinet.
  - Is the administrative head of the government.
  - Participates in the law making process as a member of the Lok Sabha.
  - Recommends persons for Presidential Awards (Any 5x2=10mks)