Instructions to candidates
- Write your name, index number and the name of your school in the spaces provided above.
- Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
- This paper consists of 3 sections A, B and C. Answer all questions in section A and B and any two from section C. All answers must be written in the answer booklet provided.
- All Answers must be written in English
- This paper consists of eight printed pages.
- Candidates should check to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
FOR EXAMINER'S USE ONLY
Section | Question | Maximum score | Candidates score |
A | 1-16 | 30 | |
B | 17-20 | 20 | |
C | 21-23 | 40 | |
Total score | 90 |
QUESTIONS
SECTION A (30 MARKS
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- State four light breeds in poultry (2 marks)
- Give two effects of lice infestation in sheep production (1 mark)
- State four advantages of contemporary comparison in selection of livestock. (2 marks)
- State two reasons for docking in sheep management (1 mark)
- State two functions of differential in a tractor transmission system. (1 mark)
- Give four effects of protein deficiency in livestock production. (2 marks)
- State four predisposing factors of pneumonia in livestock production. (2 marks)
- Give four factors influencing milk let down in dairy cattle production. (2 marks)
- Name four instances where animal power is advantageous over other form of powers. (2 marks)
- State four reasons for handling dairy cattle in livestock production. (2 marks)
- Give factors considered in choice of rearing systems in poultry production. (2 marks)
- State four factors that affect the choice of feedstuff in livestock (2marks)
- Give four practices carried out on fish before preservation. (2 mark)
- State four disadvantages of live fence in livestock production. (2 marks)
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- Give four prophylactic measures used in controlling diseases in livestock. (2 marks)
- State four practices that ensure maximum harvest of fish. (2mks)
- State two functions of caecum in poultry production. (1 mark)
SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- Below is an illustration of a farm implement. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the farm implement. (1mk)
- Name the parts labeled L, M, O and P. (2mks)
L.........................................................
M.........................................................
O.........................................................
P......................................................... - Give one function of the parts M, N and P. (3mks)
M.........................................................
N.........................................................
P.........................................................
- Below are illustrations of farm tools and equipment.
- Identify the tool labelled J and K
J.........................................................(1 mark)
K.........................................................(1 mark) - State one use of tool M and N. (2mrks)
M.........................................................
N......................................................... - Explain one maintenance practice carried on tool J. (1mk)
- Identify the tool labelled J and K
- The diagram below illustrates a calf rearing practice.
- Identify the practice illustrated above. (1mk)
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- Describe the procedure followed in the feeding practice named in (a) above. (3mks)
- Give two precautions taken while using the rearing practice stated in (a) above. (1mk)
- The diagram below is an illustration of an egg. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
- Name the parts labelled I, J, K and M. (2 Marks)
- Give two qualities of the part labelled H that would be considered when selecting eggs for incubation. (1 Mark)
- What is the function of the part labelled L (1 Mark)
SECTION C (40 Marks)
Answer any two questions from this section.
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- State five reasons for feeding livestock (5 marks)
- Describe the factors a farmer should consider when selecting a gilt for breeding. (8 marks)
- Outline seven management practices that a farmer should carry out to maintain good health in a herd of cattle. (7 marks)
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- Outline routine maintenance practices that should be carried out in deep litter system. (5 marks)
- State eight practices that would ensure clean milk production. (8 marks)
- Compare the use of an ox-drawn mouldboard plough with that of a tractor drawn plough (7 marks)
-
- Give FIVE general characteristics of dairy cattle breeds (5marks)
- Outline the procedure one would follow when castrating a male piglet. (5mks)
- Outline five causes of stress in poultry. (5 marks)
- Describe the life cycle of two host tick (5 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (30 MARKS)
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- sykes
- ancora
- minorca
- leghorns (4x1/2=2mks)
-
- Lose vitality
- Lose weight
- Have retarded growth
- Cause irritation hence loss of feeding time
- Cause emaciation
- Cause anaemia
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- Possible to compare animals of different age groups since heifer locations are known
- Possible to make direct comparison of bulls at different Al centres.
- It's accurate
- Eliminates differences brought out by the environment since average performance of herd is used.
-
- Facilitate tupping/mating
- Prevents blowfly infestation
- Gives good fat distribution throughout the body/ marbling (Any 2x1/2=1mk)
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- Speed reduction mechanism
- Enables one of the wheels to move faster than the other when negotiating comers. (2x 1/2=1mk)
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- Retarded growth
- Lowered productivity
- Lowered reproductivity due to reduced animal vigour/low fertility
- Lowered resistance to diseases or infections.
- Cause wearing out of body tissues (any 4x 1/2=2mks)
-
- Poor ventilation
- Overcrowding
- Age-young animals
- Effects of diarrhoea/other illnesses(4x1/2)=2mks)
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- Taking the cow into the milking shade
- Rattling sound of buckets
- Sight of a milk man/milk woman
- Sight or smell of food in the feed trough
- Massaging or washing of the udder with warm water.
- Suckling by the calf
- Sight of the calf for cows inclined to suckling calves (any 4x1/2 =2mks)
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- land is not accessible by tractors
- Where the land is steep/very steep slopes
- Small pieces of land
- Lands that are irregularly shaped
- Cost of hiring tractors is high
- Other sources of power unavailable. (any 4x1/2 =2mks)
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- During confinement in sick yard/confined grazing units.
- Stall feeding/watering
- When transporting animals to markets/agricultural shows/slaughter houses.
- During service of the animal e.g. AI parasites.
- During removal or harvesting of livestock products e.g. honey/milk
- When carrying out routine management operations e.g. deworming/castration/dehoming hoof trimming/debeaking/injection of drugs. (any 4x1/2 -2mks)
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- Availability of capital
- Security
- Market availability
- Labour availability
- Knowledge of the farmer
- Availability of land for rearing
- Topography of the land.
- Availability of appropriate equipment.(any 4x1/2 =2mks)
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- Cost of feedstuff
- Availability
- Nutritional composition
- Physical processing nature of feedstuff. (4x1/2=2mks)
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- Cleaning the fish to remove mud/any worms
- Cleaning abdominal cavity thoroughly
- Keep fish in open containers
- Removing scales and slime
- Opening the fish on the side to remove gut and the intestines/ gutting. (any 4x1/2=2mks)
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- Take many years to grow and make an effective fence.
- Cannot be used for paddocking because they occupy a wide space
- Hedges can be used as hiding places for rodents and thieves.
- Thorny species cause injuries to livestock
- Their growth may be irregular thus allowing gaps for animals and thieves to pass through.(any 4x1/2=2mks)
-
-
- Use of prophylactic drugs
- Carrying out regular vaccinations
- Control of vectors
- Treatment of sick animals.(4x1/2 =2mks)
-
- Control of water pollution.
- Supply of food / nutrients for aquatic use.
- Aerating water / flowing water.
- Maintaining appropriate depth of water i the pond.
- Control of stocking rate. (4x1/2) = 2mks)
-
- Have microorganisms to digest cellulose
Absorb water and the byproducts of microbial digestion. (2x1/2 = 1mk)
SECTION B (20 MARKS)
-
- Ox plough / Ox-drawn mouldboard plough. (1 x 1 =1mk)
-
- L-Beam
- M - Landwheel
- O - Landside
- P-Mouldboard (4x1 = 4mks)
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- M-Regulates the depth of ploughing.
- N-cuts the furrow slice horizontally,
- P-Inverts the cut soil/ furrow slices (3 x 1 = 3mks)
-
- Identify
- J. bit brace
- K; Bit
- Use of tool
- M. Expand rubber ring (1 x 1 =1mk)
- N. Measure and hold drug to be administered. (1 x 1 =1mk)
- Maintenance practices of tool J.
- Oiling /lubricating moving parts to reduce friction. (1 x 1 =1mk)
- Clean after use to remove dirt (rej washing for cleaning). (1 x 1 =1mk)
- Identify
-
- feeding practice
- Artificial rearing/bucket feeding
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- Procedure of rearing practice
- Put clean milk in a clean bucket
- Place clean index finger into the calf's mouth through the diastema
- Allow the calf to start suckling the finger
- Lower the finger slowly until it is submerged in milk as the calf sucks
- Slowly withdraw the finger
- Repeat steps until the calf learns. (6 x 1/2 = 3mks)
- Precautions in rearing practice
- Right amount of milk
- Interval feeding
- give milk at the right temperature
- Clean equipment
- Observe personal hygiene. (2 x1 = 1mk)
- Procedure of rearing practice
- feeding practice
-
-
- I-Inner shell membrane
- J-Outer shell membrane
- K-Albumen
- M-Challazae
-
- Smoothness of the shell
- Cleanliness
- Oval in shape
- Absence of cracks on the shell (4x1/2) =2mks)
- Provide nutrients for the developing chick (1x1=1)
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SECTION C (40 MARKS)
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-
- Provide energy/maintenance of body temperature
- For growth and repair of body tissues
- For maintenance of good health
- Production of various products
- Enhance reproduction. (5x1=5mks)
-
- Should be of age/mature 5-7 months old/90
- Good mothering ability
- Able to grow fast
- Good conformation
- With no physical defects
- Healthy
- Has 12-14 evenly spaced teats
- Highly prolific
- Able to withstand heat strsess during mating. (any 8x1=8mks)
- Management practices for good health
- provide balanced ration to increase disease resistance
- select healthy breeding stock
- cull animals susceptible to certain diseases
- use appropriate breeding methods to avoid disease transmission
- provide proper housing e.g calf pens to avoid diseases.
- maintain high level of hygiene
- isolate or confine sick animals from healthy ones
- Treat sick animals
- impose quarantine incase of out breaks of notifiable diseases
- use prophylactic drugs e.g dewormers
- carry out regular vaccination
- control vectors such as ticks
- slaughter & dispose properly affected animal if cannot be cured.
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-
-
- Repair/replace broken parts
- Regular cleaning to remove dirt
- Dust/fumigate/spray to control parasites and diseases
- Apply old engine oil on timber parts.
- Ensure good drainage around the house
- Maintain a footbath at the entrance.
- Regular changing of litter (5x1=5mks)
-
- The milkman should be clean
- Test for mastitis before milking
- Milk person should be healthy
- Ensure utensils/equipment are clean
- Ensure milking parlour is clean
- Ensure milking herd is free from zoonotic diseases e.g. TB
- Cows with mastitis should be milked last
- Clean the udder before milking
- Cover the milk after milking
- Avoid feeds/weeds that would taint milk just vefore milking.
- Proper storage of milk/cool dry place. (any 8x1=8mks)
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- Ox-draw plough mould board is lighter hence does not compact the soil as much as the tractor drawn mouldboard plough.
- Ox-plough can be used for more farm operations e.g. weeding, ploughing. harvesting root crop than tractor mouldboard.
- Oxplough requires less skills to operate compared to the tractor plough.
- Tractor plough is faster than oxplough hence can plough a large area within a short time.
- Source of power for oxplough is not as reliable as the source of power for tractor plough.
- Ox plough relatively shallow compared to tractor drawn plough that plough deeper.
- Ox plough can be used in steeper slopes where tractor plough cannot plough.
- Ox plough requires more people to operate than tractor plough.
- Ox plough is cheaper to buy than tractor plough.
- Ox plough is cheaper to maintain than tractor plough.
ACCEPT TABLE FORM (7x1=7mks)
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- Give five general characteristics of dairy cattle breeds (5 mks)
- Have straight top line
- Well set hind quarters
- Large well developed udder
- prominent milk vein
- Lean bodies with little flesh
- Have large stomach capacity
- Are docile with mild temperament
- Procedure followed when castrating a male pigiet
- Restrain the animal properly
- Use one hand to pull the testicles slightly and hold with the help of the other hand, make a cut or slit at the base of the scrotum.
- Squeeze out the testicles until the spermatic cords are extended and exposed then cut.
- Remove the testicles
- Stitch and disinfect the scrotum using antiseptic e.g healing oil and release the animal. (add any other point) (5 x1 = 5mrks)
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- Sudden change in routine
- Diseases and pest infestation.
- Lack of food and water
- Strangers and predators in the house.
- Sudden noise such as that of tractor. plane
- Poor handling of birds
- Overcrowding
- Climate weather change
- Poor lighting in the house
- Introduction of new birds
- Unbalanced diet. (any 5x1 = 5mks)
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- Eggs on the ground hatch to larvae
- the larvae climbs on the first host;
- suck blood become engorged and moults to a nymph;
- the nymph suck blood from the same host, become engorged and fall down;
- where it moults to an adult.
- The adult looks for a second host where it sucks blood mates and fall down to lay eggs (5 x 1 = 5mrks)
- Give five general characteristics of dairy cattle breeds (5 mks)
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