QUESTIONS
SECTION A: ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION (25MKS)
- Give two unwritten sources of information on history and government. (2mks)
- Identify two groups of cushites speakers who migrated to Kenya. (2mks)
- What was the main reason for the migration of eastern Bantu from shungwaya during pre-colonial period? (1mk)
- Give two reasons why Kenyan communities fought against each other during the pre-colonial period. (2mks)
- Give two factors that enabled the early visitors to come to the Kenyan coast by 1500 AD. (2mks)
- Name one Arab family which ruled the Kenyan coast on behalf of the Oman. (1mk)
- State two factors which encouraged the Akamba to participate in the long distance trade during the nineteenth century. (2mks)
- Explain dual-citizenship as contained in the new constitution of Kenya 2010. (1mk)
- Name the German chancellor who pioneered Germany to scramble for colonies in east Africa. (1mk)
- Identify two ways in which the construction of the Kenya-Uganda railway contributed to development of settler farming in Kenya. (2mks)
- Identify the main feature of the system of education in Kenya during the colonial period. (1mk)
- Name the Asian politician who became very instrumental to east African association. (1mk)
- Give one reason why parliament is regarded as supreme in Kenya. (1mk)
- What is the main function of the civil service in Kenya? (1mk)
- Identify one philosophy adopted at independence to promote social justice in Kenya. (1mk)
- Identify two political events which threatened the stability of Kenya between 1975 and 1978. (2mks)
- Give two external sources of government in Kenya. (2mks)
SECTION B: ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS (45MKS)
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- Why did the Bantu migrate from their original homeland? (5mks)
- Explain five results of the interaction between the Bantu and the Cushites in Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (10mks)
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- State five factors facilitated the establishment of British control over Kenya during the 19th century. (5mks)
- Explain five reasons why Kenyan communities were defeated by the British during the establishment of colonial rule. (10mks)
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- State five demands made by East African association (EAA) to the British Colonial government in Kenya. (5mks)
- Explain five methods used by African nationalists in Kenya in their struggle for independence. (10mks)
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- State three ways in which the government of Kenya facilitated the acquisition of land for Africans after 1963. (3mks)
- Explain six challenges facing the agricultural sector in Kenya. (12mks)
SECTION C: ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS. (30MKS)
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- State three circumstances that can make a Kenyan citizen to be denied the right to life. (3mks)
- Explain six civic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. (12mks)
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- What is the importance of the rule of law in Kenya. (5mks)
- Explain the importance of separation of powers between the legislature, executive and judiciary in Kenya. (10mks)
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- Describe three practices that may interfere with national unity. (3mks)
- Discuss the factors that led to the introduction of many political parties in Kenya in 1992. (12mks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Give two unwritten sources of information on history and government. (2 mks)
- Oral traditions/oral sources
- Archaeology/paleontology
- Genetics
- Linguistics
- Anthropology
- Identify two groups of the cushites speakers who migrated to Kenya
- Eastern cushites
- Southern cushites
- What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantu from Shungwaya during pre-colonial period? (1 mk)
- Due to attacks by Galla/Oromo
- Give two reasons why Kenyan communities fought against each other during the pre-colonial period?
- Competition for land for cultivation/settlement
- Competition for water/pasture
- To demonstrate their military power
- To raid for cattle.
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- existence of natural habour
- accessibility of the East African Coast
- existence of Monsoon/trade winds
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- mazrui
- nabahan
- Busaidi
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- Existence of enterprising local traders among the Akamba
- Demand for some commodities for trade
- Existence of trade router
- Strategic middle position of Akamba Land between coast and the hinterland.
- Unfavorable climate conditions of Akamba land.
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- A Kenyan citizen by birth does not lose citizenship by acquiring the citizenship of another country. He/she will therefore have dual citizenships.
- Chancellor Otto Von Bismark
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- provided cheap and reliable transport network
- opened up Kenya highlands to settlers.
- It was organized along racial lines/discrimination.
- M.A. Desai
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- has power to pass a vote of no-confidence in government
- Is the highest law-making body
- Can alter the constitution/amend the constitution
- Has power to declare war and a state of emergency
- Control Nation Revenue and Expenditure.
- To implement/carry out policies of the government.
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- African socialism
- Harambee.
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- the death of Josia Mwangi Kariuki
- The death of the founding father of the nation Mzee Jomo Kenyatta
- The attempt to change the constitution by some politicians.
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- Loans
- Grants
- Donations
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- There was an increase in population thus the need for land for settlement
- They were looking for land for cultivation
- Internal conflicts forced them to migrate
- They were attacked by neighbouring communities/ external attack
- Outbreak of diseases led to migration/outbreak of epidemics
- They migrated due to drought and famine
- Some migrated for the sake of adventure.
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- intermarriages which strengthened relationships between communities
- Some Bantu adopted Islam from the cushites
- Some Bantu copied some customs of the cushites such as circumcision and age-set system/cultural exchange.
- The Bantu and cushites raided other for cattle which led to loss of property and lives/ increased warfare.
- Cushites attacked Bantu which led to further migration of Oromo/Galla pushed the Eastern Bantu from Shungwaya/displacement.
- The cushites and Bantu exchanged goods cohush led to the development trade.
- Some cushites were observed/assimilated by the Bantu.
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- Christian missionary factor
- Presence of trading companies
- Superior military power of the British
- Disunity among African communities
- Collaboration of some African communities with the British/Signing of treaties
- British colonial policy of indirect rule.
- Financial support from the home government
- The drawing up of partition treaties in 1886
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- The communities were not united hence they were easily defeated
- The communities had inferior weapons as compared to the superior British weapons
- The soldiers had little knowledge about the British Military tactics
- Their population had been weakened/ reduced by catastrophe such as famine, rider pest and civil strife.
- Their leaders lacked adequate organizational skills to mobilizing the people
- The British used treachery when dealing with some communities/collaboration
- The economic base of the communities was destroyed by the British thus making them weak.
- The soldiers were demoralized when many warriors were captured/ killed.
- The Kenya-Uganda Railway facilitated the faster movement of British troops.
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- They demanded for the return of alienated land
- They wanted colonial government to abolish hut/poll tax
- They demanded for the abolition of KIPANDE.
- They demanded for better working and living conditions
- They demanded representation to the legislative council
- They demanded for the abolition of forced labour
- They demanded for more education for Africans
- The demanded for an end to compulsory destocking
- They demanded for revocation of colonial status
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- They used armed struggle against colonial administration
- They organized strikes and boycotts as means of challenging the colonial power
- They used trade unions to articulate the course of their struggle among the workers.
- They used their representation in the legislative council who pressurized Britain to grant independence to Kenya.
- They formed political parties to press for change.
- They used mass media to mobilize the people and articulate their grievances.
- Africans sent petitions and delegations to the governor and the colonial office in London/international forum.
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- Resetting people is the irrigation schemes
- Encouraging people for form co-operative
- Societies/land buying companies.
- Opening up the former while highlands to willing buyers
- Giving/providing loans to those who were willing to buy land
- Consolidation/adjudication of land to enable farmers to maximize production
- Issuing of land title deeds to make. Ownership legal/lease land transfers
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- Poor infrastructure in some parts of the country has led to great losses of farm produce thus reducing earnings of farmers.
- The unstable prices of agricultural commodities of the local world market has discouraged farmers.
- Various parts of the country have been hit by drought/famine thus forcing the government to provide relief food.
- Farmers produce is often destroyed by pests after harvesting leading to food shortages/poor storage.
- Poor technology/use of traditional methods has contributed to low yields.
- Politically instigated ethnic clashes have discouraged farmers from carrying out intense farming due to insecurity.
- The population of Kenya has been growing faster than gains made in the agricultural sector.
- Corrupt government officials have grabbed/sold research land thereby affecting the operations of research instructions/ mismanagement of funds meant for agricultural development.
- Farming has become a costly venture for most farmers are not able to meet the high cost of farm inputs.
- Over production of similar agricultural products leads to wastage due to lack of buyers.
- Shortage of agricultural extension officers has made it difficult for farmers to get advice on how to improve yields.
- Mismanagement of cooperatives has impoverished farmers.
- Competition from COMESA / Industrialized nations has frustrated Kenyan farmers.
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- when defending on self/property
- when affecting a lawful arrest
- when preventing escape of a lawfully detained person
- when preventing a perform committing a crime/felony
- in a situation of war
- when suppressing a riot/rebellion/trusting
- when convinced in a court of law/death sentence
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- a responsible citizen pays tax to enable the government meet its financial obligation
- To participate is community development activities.
- To participate in the democratic process electing leaders/being elected.
- To obey laws so as to enhance peace in the society.
- Takes care of the environment in order to promote healthy living.
- Prevents/fights corruption to promote proper utilization of resources by all
- Promotes/ protects the rights and freedom of all people for harmonious co-existence
- Promotes the rule of law by reporting wrong doers.
- To participate in national activities e.g. National debates/barazas
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- it protects rights of individuals/groups
- It spells out conducts responsibilities among people
- It promotes fairness in administration of justice/equality before the law.
- It creates peace and harmony in society.
- It gives direction on what is right or wrong.
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- To make co-ordination of government programmes and administration effective
- To enable the government to facilitate division of labour
- It promotes efficient service delivery
- It is a constitutional requirement
- To enhance accountability
- It promotes transparency/openness in government dealings
- It ensures that no arm of government interferes with the other.
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- Tribalism encourage people to favour those from their ethnic groups
- Nepotism/corruption
- Religious differences
- The unequal distribution of resource
- Political wrangles.
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- Allegations of rigging of the 1998 elections
- KANU failed to listen to criticism and critics were suspended or expelled from the party.
- The influence of the eastern Europe and the soviet union
- The end of cold war brought a new wave of democracy which spread to Kenya
- The events which were taking place in Zambia in 1991 inspired advocates of multi-partisym (Togo/Ghana/Nigeria)
- The pressure from multi-party activities drawn from civil society, political and legal fraternity.
- The pressure on the government from the donor community to democratize as a condition for aid.
- The failure by the government to adopt all the recommendations which were forwarded by the public to the Saitoti Review Commission of 1990 led to agitation for multi-partysm
- Re pealing of section 2 (A) allowing for multi-partysm.
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