History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Kassu Joint Mock Examination 2021

SECTION A

Give two forms of oral tradition. (2 Marks)
Identify the first Cereal crop to be domesticated by man (1 Mark)
State two irrigation methods used during the development of early agriculture in Egypt (2 Marks)
Outline one disadvantages of barter trade (1 Mark)
Mention two means of transport used during the ancient times (2 Marks)
Give two advantages of using fire and smoke signals as a means of communication (2 Marks)
State two uses of copper in Africa during the pre-colonial period (2 Marks)
Identify two social functions of the ancient city of Athens in Greece (2 Marks)
Name one treaty signed between Lewanika of Bulozi kingdom and the British (1 Marks)
Identify two systems of administration used by the French in Africa (2 Marks)
Give one type of Nationalism in South Africa during the struggle for independence (1 Mark)
What was the immediate cause of the first world war (1 Mark)
State one organ of the Commonwealth of Nations (1 Mark)
Identify two founder members of Non-Aligned Movement(NAM) (2 Marks)
Identify the Military wing of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) which enforces peace (1 Mark)
Mention the one reason that led to the Army mutiny in congo in 1960 (1 Mark)
Give one major political party in Britain (1 Mark)

SECTION B

1. Give five hunting methods used by the early man during the stone age period (5 Marks)
2. Explain five ways in which the development of upright posture improved early Man's way of life. (10 Marks)
1. State five trading items that originated from western Sudan during the Trans-saharan trade. (5 Marks)
2. Explain five social impacts of Trans-Saharan trade (10 Marks)
1. Give five social developments in Tanzania since independence (5 Marks)
2. Describe five political challenges experienced by Congo since independence (10 Marks)
1. State five aims of the Organization of African Unity. (5 Marks)
2. Explain five challenges facing COMESA (10 Marks)

SECTION C

1. State three reasons why the Ashanti leaders of National Liberation Movement differed with Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana. (3 Marks)
2. Explain six problems nationalists encountered in their war against the Portuguese colonialism in Mozambique. (12 Marks)
1. Identify three countries that were part of the Central powers during World War 1. (3 Marks)
2. Explain six reasons for the Allied Forces’ victory in the 1st World War. (12 Marks)
1. Give three ways through which one can become a member of House of Lords in Britain. (3 Marks)
2. Explain six functions of the queen of Britain (12 Marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Section A (25 marks)

Give two forms of oral traditions. (2 marks)
1. Riddles
2. Myths
3. Songs
4. Poems
5. Tongue twisters
6. Proverbs
7. Stories/narratives/folk tales
8. Legends
9. Dances
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Identify the first cereal crop to be domesticated by man. (1 mark)
1. Barley
  1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
State two irrigation methods used during the development of early agriculture in Egypt. (2 marks)
1. Canal
2. Basin
3. Shadoof
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Outline one disadvantage of barter trade. (1 mark)
1. Some commodities are bulky/heavy to transport
2. Some commodities are not divisible
3. Some traders lack double coincidence of wants
4. It is difficult to determine the value of some goods
5. Some goods are perishable/last for a short period
6. Lack of common language/language barrier
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
Mention two means of transport used during the ancient times. (2 marks)
1. Boats
2. Canoes
3. Rafts/logs
4. Sailing ships
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Give two advantages of using fire and smoke signals as a means of communication (2 marks)
1. Messages could only be understood by communities using them/limited to the community users
2. They conveyed messages faster
3. It was a cheaper method of sending messages
4. Messages could reach many people
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
State two uses of copper in Africa during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
1. In making tools like chisels and axes as in Egypt.
2. Making utensils and containers like pots and pans.
3. Making weapons like daggers and swords.
4. As currency or medium of exchange in the form of copper bars.
5. Making ornaments like rings and bangles.
6. Making alloys like bronze and brass.
7. Making king’s plaques and art work.
8. It was a commodity of trade.
9. It was used as medicine i.e. ointment for wounds especially in central Africa.
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Identify two social functions of the ancient city of Athens in Greece. (2 marks)
1. It was a cultural centre/music/art/theatre
2. It was an educational centre
3. It was a sports centre
4. It was a religious centre
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Name one treaty signed between Lewanika of Bulozi kingdom and the British. (1 marks)
1. Harry ware treaty
2. Lochner treaty
3. Coryndon treaty
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
Identify two systems of administration used by the French in Africa. (2 marks)
1. Assimilation
2. Association
  2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Give one type of Nationalism in South Africa during the struggle for independence (1 mark)
1. African/Black nationalism
2. Afrikaaner/ Boer nationalism.
3. European/white nationalism
4. Coloured nationalism/mixed race nationalism
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
What was the immediate cause of the First World War? (1 mark)
1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife in Sarjevo.
  1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
State one organ of the Commonwealth of Nations. (1 mark)
1. Heads of State Summits.
2. Ministerial Meetings
3. The Secretariat
4. The specialized agencies
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
Identify two leaders who were founder members of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). (2 marks)
1. Broz Tito of Yugoslavia
2. Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt
3. Jawaharlal Pandit Nehru-premier India
4. Dr. Ahmed Surkano-premier Indonesia
5. Chou En-Lai of China, Premier of China
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Identify the military wing of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) which enforces peace. (1 mark)
1. Ecowas Monitoring Group(ECOMOG)
  1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
Mention the one reason that led to the army mutiny in Congo in 1960. (1 mark)
1. They were against domination of the army and government by Belgium
2. Wanted replacement of Belgians by Congolese
3. Wanted immediate end of discrimination in job allocation and grading
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
Give one major political party in Britain. (1 mark)
1. Labour party
2. Conservative party
3. Liberal party
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)

Section B (45 marks)

1. List five hunting methods used by man during the Stone Age period. (5 marks)
  1. Chasing their prey until they catch them.
  2. Throwing stones/weapons at them to injure/kill them.
  3. Driving animals into swampy /muddy areas where they got stuck.
  4. Chasing animals over steep cliffs forcing them to fall over and break their limbs.
  5. Ambushing and killing them around watering points.
  6. Digging and spiking large pits on paths commonly used by animals and covering with leaves for animals fall into and get trapped.
  7. Using baits/snares to trap them
  8. Using other animals like the dog
    Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
2. Describe five ways in which the development of upright posture improved the early man's way of life. (10 marks)
  1. Man was able to walk/run faster with long strides
  2. Man could use hands to carry out farming activities
  3. Man could use the hands to grasp items conveniently
  4. Man could spot what to hunt or gather from far
  5. Man could see enemies from far
  6. Man could use hands to make tools
  7. Man could use hands to defend/attack enemies
  8. Man was able to use hands to perform domestic chores/carry young ones
  9. Man used hands to reach for fruits
    Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
1. Give five trading items that originated from Western Sudan during the Trans- Saharan Trade. (5 marks)
  1. Gold
  2. Slaves
  3. Kola nuts
  4. Hides and skins/animal skins
  5. Ostrich feathers
  6. Ivory
  7. Gum
  8. Dyed cloth
  9. Pepper
    Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
2. Explain five economic impacts of Trans-Saharan trade. (10 marks)
  1. It stimulated development of urban centers along the trade routes e.g. Timbuktu,
  2. It led to the development of smithing technology and industry/mining.
  3. The mode of transport was remarkably revolutionized through the introduction of camels and horses making it more efficient.
  4. It led to creation and intensification of commercial/trading activities between Western Sudan, North Africa and outside world.
  5. It led to the decline of traditional industries due to introduction of cheap foreign goods.
  6. It led to the creation of wealthy merchants who accumulated wealth from the profit from the trade.
  7. Growth in Agricultural production
  8. Introduction of new items led to decline of local industries
    Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
1. State five social developments in Tanzania since independence. (5 marks)
  1. Establishment of more schools/colleges/universities has enabled many people to access education.
  2. Introduction of free universal primary education has reduced illiteracy levels among the people.
  3. Education system is geared towards promoting socialist ideals has created a selfless society thus promoting equity.
  4. Promotion of African cultural values leading to preservation of African heritage.
  5. Kiswahili plays a major role both as a medium of instruction and a national language. Its popularity has fostered unity in the country.
  6. Improvement of health through establishment of more health facilities thus promoting quality of life.
  7. The role of women in the society is greatly appreciated and they hold senior positions in the society like their male counterparts.
  8. Through the Ujamaa policy, creation of employment in the rural areas was achieved and this reduced rural – urban migration. It has also promoted social cohesion/unity in the country
  9. The country guarantees the freedom of worship.
  10. Theatre and sports have been promoted through establishment of sporting activities.
    Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
2. Explain five political challenges experienced by Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since independence. (10 marks)
  1. Competition for political dominance by political parties polarized the country thus undermining unity
  2. Ethnic differences undermined nationalists causes thereby dividing the country
  3. The mutiny staged by African soldiers created a state of lawlessness in the country
  4. Secession of some regions/Kasai/Katanga caused instability in the central government thus weakening it
  5. Political assassinations created differences among leaders/followers thereby creating tension in the country/assassination of Lumumba, Kabila
  6. Africans were ill prepared for independence hence the government lacked adequate personnel with management/professional skills which were required to run the government/lack of administrators
  7. Personality difference among leaders ignited conflicts among their followers
  8. Foreign interference in the affairs of the country undermined the independence of Africans e.g. by Belgium and UNO
  9. The killing of Belgium nationals following the army mutiny created a state of lawlessness
  10. Political and ideological difference between Lumumba and Kasavubu
  11. Civil war and the split of the country into two parts, one led by Kasavubu and the other by Lumumba
    Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
1. Give five aims of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). (5 marks)
  1. To promote unity and solidarity of the African people.
  2. To defend/respect the independence and territorial integrity/sovereignty of member states.
  3. To eradicate all forms of colonialism from Africa.
  4. To promote human rights in Africa having due regard to the Charter of the UNO on universal declaration of human rights.
  5. To uphold the policy non- alignment in Africa’s relations with the rest of the World.
  6. To promote the policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of member states.
  7. To promote peaceful settlement of disputes among member states.
  8. To work towards disarmament and promotion of World peace.
  9. To promote social, economic and political co-operation of Africa in order to uplift the peoples standards of living.
    Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
2. Explain five challenges facing the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). (10 marks)
  1. Debt burden among member states thus spend a lot of their income in servicing their debts to the international community.
  2. Occurrence of natural calamities like drought, famine and floods in some member states.
  3. High rate of unemployment within the member states.
  4. Civil strife and political instability in some member states.
  5. National interests at times supersede those of the union.
  6. Similarity of trade goods produced in the member countries.
  7. Poor transport among member states has affected the transportation of goods.
  8. Membership to other organizations thus divided interest.
  9. Shortage of funds due to failure by member states to submit their subscriptions to the organization on time.
  10. Lack of common currency/value
  11. Competition from developed countries whose goods are subsidized hence cheaper/ some countries prefer trading with their former colonial masters thus posing stiff competition to products from COMESA region.
  12. Personality difference among leaders of the member states.
  13. New economic policies by the World Bank and the IMF have led to economic decline in the region.
  14. Quarrels over trading rights under COMESA e.g. Egypt and Kenya
  15. Withdrawal of their membership by some states such as Tanzania and Namibia.
    Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)

Section C (30 marks)

1. State three reasons why the Ashanti leaders of National Liberation Movement differed with Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana. (3 marks)
  1. Nkrumah came from a little known ethnic community in Southern Ghana
  2. Ashanti chiefs advocated for a federal system of government while Nkrumah favored a unitary system
  3. Kwameh Nkrumah had radical ideas unlike those of conservative traditional leaders of the Ashanti Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
2. Explain six problems the nationalists encountered in their war against the Portuguese colonialism in Mozambique. (12 marks)
  1. Shortage of basic needs like food by African fighters especially at the initial stages.
  2. The Catholic Church threatened members who supported FRELIMO with ex- communication.
  3. Internal divisions due to ideological differences and selfish ambitions among some of the nationalists.
  4. The famine in the 1960 weakened peasant support for the liberation movement.
  5. The West - European countries did not recognize the legitimacy of FRELIMO and therefore FRELIMO had to turn to communist countries e.g. Russia and China.
  6. The assassination of Mondale proved to be a temporary setback.
  7. In the beginning, ethnicity was a hindrance to the recruitment of the members.
  8. The wide-spread illiteracy hindered the smooth running of the movement.
  9. In the beginning there was competition from rival guerilla movement e.g. Revolutionary committee of Mozambique (COREMO) which broke away from FRELIMO.
  10. The Portuguese adopted cruel relationships against FRELIMO sympathizers.
  11. Support from South Africa, another racist regime gave the Portuguese in Mozambique added strength.
  12. Portugal outlawed political movements in the country.
  13. They lacked adequate funds.
  14. Fleeing away of nationalists to other countries weakened the nationalist activities
    Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)
1. Identify three countries that were part of the Central Powers during the First World War. (3 marks)
  1. Germany
  2. Hungary
  3. Austria
  4. Bulgaria
  5. Italy
  6. Turkey
    Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
2. Explain six reasons for the Allied Forces’ victory in the First World War. (12 marks)
  1. They had advanced/powerful weapons compared with the central powers
  2. They had more financial resources which were used to finance the war
  3. They had strong naval power which enabled them to blockade supplies to the central powers from the sea
  4. They were united/organized unlike the central powers who were not united/ disorganized
  5. Some members of the central powers decamped thereby weakening them to the advantage of the Allied powers
  6. The entry of the United States of America on the side of the allies boosted their resources/skills
  7. The powers were led by leaders who were competent /focused hence inspired their members
  8. They had more man power/soldiers who were deployed during the war
  9. The allied powers received support from other countries which boosted their ability in the war
  10. There was political instability/unrest in Germany which affected her military strength
  11. The failure of the Von Schlieffen plan delayed attacks over France through Belgium
  12. Towards the end of the war, Germany used young inexperienced soldiers
  13. The Spanish flu weakened the soldiers from the central powers
  14. The invasion of the neutral Belgium by Germany helped to turn the world opinion against the central powers who were seen as unreasonable and arrogant
    Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)
1. Give three ways through which one can become a member of House of Lords in Britain. (3 marks)
  1. Through heredity/peerage
  2. By being nominated by the queen/Monarch/Knighted
  3. By holding a senior position if the Church of /England e.g. Arch Bishop of Canterbury.
    Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
2. Explain six functions of the Queen of Britain. (12 marks)
  1. She is the head of state
  2. Commander in chief of the armed forces.
  3. She performs the official opening of the parliament.
  4. She invites the leader of the leading party to be the Prime Minister and form the government.
  5. She represents the country in international forums/fora/ Looks after foreign policy/enactment of treaties.
  6. She gives assent to bills before they become laws.
  7. She appoints the Archbishop of the Church of England.
  8. She is the symbolic head of the commonwealth.
  9. She bestows honours to deserving persons who have excelled.
  10. She exercises a prerogative of mercy to convicted criminals or persons /power of clemency
  11. She creates peers
  12. Appoints judges
    Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)