Biology P2 Questions and Answers - Mangu High School Trial Mock Exams 2021/2022

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES.

  1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
  2. Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
  3. This paper consists of section A and B.
  4. Answer ALL questions in section A in the spaces provided.
  5. In section B answer questions 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8.

FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY.

SECTION

QUESTIONS

MAXIMUM SCORE

CANDIDATES SCORE

A

1

8

 

2

8

 

3

8

 

4

8

 

5

8

 

B

6

20

 

7

20

 

8

20

 

TOTAL

80

 



QUESTIONS

SECTION A (40MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.

  1. The diagram below shows a set up to investigate a factor necessary for germination.
    BIO Q2 AGDUYA
    1. Name the factor under investigation. (1mk)
      ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
    2. State the role of pyrogallic acid in the set up. (1mk)
      …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
    3. Which type of respiration is taking place in the beans? (1mk)
      …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    4. Write a word equation for the process named in (c) above. (1mk)
      …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    5. Explain why plants can only carry out the above respiration process for a short while. (1mk)
      …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
    6. State other three factors necessary for germination. (3mks)
      …………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………….
  2.                    
    1. Birds have beaks which are structurally modified to different modes of feeding.
      1. What is the name given to such structures in evolution? (1 mark)
        ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
      2. What is the name given to the evolution of beaks of birds? (1 mark)
        ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    2.            
      1. What is meant by “vestigial structures”?(1 mark)
        ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
      2. Name two vestigial structures present in man. (1 mark)
        ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    3. Bacteria tend to develop resistance to antibiotics after they have been subjected to them for a long period of time. Explain. (2 marks)
      ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
    4. Explain continental drift as an evidence of evolution. (2 marks)
      ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
  3.                        
    1. What is internal fertilization ? ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (1mk)
    2. Suggest two disadvantages of internal fertilization in most mammals. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (2mks)
    3. State two roles of placenta in mammals.
      ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ (2mks)
    4. Mention one role played by each of the following hormones in human menstrual cycle.
      1. Oestrogen .....................................................................................................................................................
      2. Luteinizing hormone ........................................................................................................................................
      3. Follicle stimulating hormone............................................................................................................................. (3mks)
  4. Below is a cell obtained from a living organisms. Study it and answer the questions that follow
    BIO Q4 JAGDUA
    1. From which kingdom of organism was the cell obtained?
      …………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………....…. ( 1mk)
    2. Give two reasons for your answer in 4 (a) above
      1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
      2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2mks)
    3. On the diagram identify parts A,B and C.(3mks)
    4. State the role of parts D and E.
      D:……………………………………………………………………………………………………
      E:…………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2mks)
  5.                                        
    1. What is meant by the term linked genes? (1mk)
      ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
    2. Haemophilia is a genetic condition transmitted through a recessive gene linked to X chromosome. The normal gene may be represented by XH.
      1. What is the genotype of a haemophilic female?
        …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
      2. A woman who is a carrier for the haemophilia gene marries a normal man. Work out the phenotypic ratio for their offspring. (4mk)
      3. Haemophilia is more common in males than in females. Explain this phenomenon.
        ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2mks)

SECTION B (40 MARKS)
Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8

  1. The table below shows how the quantities of sweat and urine vary with external temperature.

    External temperature

    Urine cm3/hr

    Sweat cm3/hr

    0

    100

    5

    5

    90

    6

    10

    80

    10

    15

    70

    20

    20

    60

    30

    25

    50

    60

    30

    40

    120

    35

    30

    200

    1. On the same axis plot graphs of the quantities of urine and sweat produced against the external temperature. (7mks)
      GRAPH PAPER KDHAI
    2. At what temperature are the amounts of sweat and urine produced equal? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1mk)
    3. What happens to the amount of sweat produced as the temperature rises? Explain the observation. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (3mks)
    4. Account for the observation made on the amount of urine produced as the temperature increases ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (3Mks)
    5.                            
      1. How is the kidney adapted to its function ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (4mks)
      2. Differentiate between excretion and egestion. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2mks)
  2. Explain how the following organisms are adapted to their mode of feeding
    1. Herbivores (10mks) .
    2. Carnivores (10mks)
  3.                
    1.                             
      1. State two significances of transpiration. (2mks)
      2. Discuss the forces involved in movements of water from roots to the leaves (8mks)
    2. Describe the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata using photosynthetic theory (10mks)


MARKING SCHEME

  1.                          
    1. Oxygen(as a factor necessary for germination)
    2. Absorbs oxygen
    3. Anaerobic respiration
    4. Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon(IV) oxide +Energy
    5. Alcohol when in high concentration is poisons to plant tissues;
    6.                                  
      • Suitable temperature
      • Moisture / water
      • Seed viability
      • Enzymes
      • Hormone
  2.                    
    1.                    
      1. Homologous structures (1 mark)
      2. Divergent evolution (1 mark)
    2.                            
      1. Structures that have ceased to be functional and have been reduced in size. ( 1 mark)
      2. – Tail of a human being.
        - Appendix (1 mark)
    3. In the bacteria population some become resistant to antibiotics due to mutation; those that do not have this characteristic are destroyed by antibiotics; the resistant ones multiply and eventually all bacterial become resistant; and are no longer affected by antibiotics.
    4. The present day continents formed one large single land mass; the land broke up into parts which drifted from one another forming the present day continents; these isolated animals from one common ancestry hence forming new species. (2 marks)
  3.                    
    1. It’s a phenomenon or process whereby fertilization occurs inside the body of a female organism. (1mk)
    2.                    
      • Pregnant animals are vulnerable to predators.
      • Too demanding to the mother in terms of nutrients.
      • Pose health risks to pregnant animals. (2mk)
    3.                
      • Secret the hormone progesterone.
      • Medium for gaseous exchange
      • Medium for supplying nutrients to the foetus
      • Medium for hemoring wastes products from the foetus.
    4.                    
      1. Oestrogen- Healing and repair of uterrine wall after menstruation.
                         - Stimulate the secretion of LH by the pitutary gland.
      2. Luteinizing hormone- Causes ovulation
        - Stimulate curpus luteum to secret progesterone homone
      3. –Causes graafian follicle to develop from primary follicle
        - Stimulate ovary to secret oestrogen. (3mks)
  4.                    
    1. Animalia Rej Animal
    2. Centrally located nucleus;
      -Absence of cell wall;
      -Many small vacuole; ( 1st 2)
    3. On the diagram ( not else where)
      A – Golgi bodies/apparatus
      B - Cytoplasm
      C - Cell/plasma membrane
    4. D – Site for protein synthesis;
      E- control activities of the cell
      Store genetic materials
  5.                            
    1. Genes located on the same chromosome and are always transmitted together;
    2.                          
      1. XhXh;
      2.                                     
        Q5 ATFDYAT
        Phenotypic ratio 3 normal: 1 haemophiliac;
        NB-Crossing sign must be present
        -Circles must be complete
        -Fusion lines should not converge or penetrate the gamete.
        Accept use of a punnet square
      3. Males lack corresponding allele on the Y chromosome; therefore they cannot be carriers; OWTTE
  6.                                
    1.                                

      2UHGAYTGFYDGA
    2. 24°c; (1mk)
    3. Sweat production increases with increase in temperature; because high temperatures increase evaporation rate; hence more sweat is converted to vapour; (drawing latent heat from body causing cooling) (3mks)
    4. An increase in temperature decreases amount of urine produced; this is due to increased sweating which raises osmotic pressure of blood; A lot of water is then reabsorbed into the kidney tubules; resulting in production of less urine (3mks)
    5.                    
      1.                            
        • Cells lining tubules contain numerous mitochondria; to provide energy for active transport,
        • Glomerular capillaries have numerous tiny pores for ultrafiltration; (allow small molecular weight substances to pass through and not proteins and blood cells)
        • Inner surface of epithelium cells of tubules have numerous micro villi; to increase surface area for reabsorption;
        • Tubule well supplied with blood capillaries; for transport
        • Proximal and distal tubules are coiled; to reduce speed of flow of filtrate; and increase S.A for reabsorption;
        • Thin epithelial lining; for faster passage of substances;
          Mark 4 correctly explained answers (max 4 mks)
      2. Excretion
        • Elimination of metabolic waste products from body/or separation and removal of metabolic waste products; (1mk)
          Egestion – removal of undigested materials from the gut through the anus; (1mk)
  7. Herbivores
    • Have horny pad (on the upper jaw); against which grass is cut by lower incisors;
    • Have long tongue; that turn food/move it for grinding;
    • Have diastema; (a gap between front and back teeth) to allow food to be turned . in the mouth;
    • Jaws can move side by side; to enable grinding of food;
    • Teeth (Molars and premolars) have large cusps; for crushing/grindingvegetation;
      10 marks
      Carnivores
    • Have well developed leg muscles; that facilitate fast movement;
    • Have strong jaws and sharp teeth; to grasp their prey;
    • Incisors are chisel – shaped; to seize prey/grip/ strip flesh from bones
    • Have long/conical/curved canines; to kill/tear flesh;
    • have carnassial teeth (that have smooth sides/sharp edges)’ to slice through flesh/crush bones;
    • Jaws are attached to powerful muscles; that facilitate their up and down movement/grasping prey;
      12 marks max 10 mks
  8.                      
    1.                                    
      1. It serves to cool the leaves especially during hot environment;
      2. It provides a mechanism through which mineral salts are transported in the plants; Allows loss of excess water from the plants;
    2. Root pressure: This is the force which push water from the root to the stem.
      Cohesion and adhesion force
      Cohesion force – force which attracts water molecules together maintaining a continuous column of water preventing the break of water column.
      Adhesion force – water molecules cling to the sides of the xylem vessels wall.
      Capillary force – The forces of adhesion and cohesion are the basis of capillarity the rise of liquids in capillary tubes.
      Transpiration pull – as water evaporates from the cells on the exposed parts of plants, water molecules are drawn from the adjacent cells. Eventually those cells that are adjacent to the xylem vessels draw water from them by osmosis.
    3. The guard cells have chloroplasts; in presence of light; photosynthesis occur in the guard cells of stomata; producing sugar in guard cells; This increases the osmotic pressure of guard cells; water is drawn from the neighbouring cells by osmosis; causing turgidity of guard cells; the inner walls of the guard cells which are thicker than outer wall stretch more causing the guard cells to bulge outwards; stomata open.
      In absence of light, no photosynthesis in guard cells; sugar in guard cells is converted into starch; osmotic pressure lowers; guard cell lose water to adjacent epidermal cells by osmosis; become flaccid; the inner walls of guard cells shrink; the thicker wall reduces; this closes this stomata.
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