Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Kapsabet Mock Exams 2021/2022

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Instructions to candidates

Write your name and index in the spaces provided above
Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all the questions in sections A and B.
Answer any two questions in section C
All answers should be written in the spaces provided in the question paper.

What is apiculture? (1 mark)
Name one livestock disease that is transmitted by the following parasites.
1. Brown ear tick (½ mark)
2. Tsetsefly (½ mark)
State the intermediate host for liver fluke Fasciola spp. (½ mark)
State four breeds of rabbits. (2 marks)
State two functions of a crop in a digestive system of chicken. (1 mark)
State three ways of restraining cattle (1½ marks)
State two livestock diseases caused by virus. (1 mark)
State two types of selection practiced by livestock farmers (1 mark)
State three ways of preventing predation in a fish pond (1mark)
State four functions of feed additives in livestock production. (2 marks)
State two types of calf pens. (1 mark)
State advantages of embryo transplant. (2 marks).
State two roles of testis in male reproductive system. (1 mark)
Differentiate between mothering ability and prolificacy (2 marks)
State three ways in which feeding contributes to disease control. (1½ marks)
State two functional differences between rumen and abomasums. (2marks)
Name four practices carried out in the crush (2 mks)
Give three dual purpose cattle breeds (1½ mks)
Give three terms used to describe the following: - (1½ mks)
1. Mature male pig ........................................................................................................................
2. Sterilised birds ........................................................................................................................
3. Mature female goat ................................................................................................................
State four reasons for identifying farm animals (2mks)
State two factors that determine the quality of honey (1mk)
Give four categories of livestock diseases (2 mks)
Name three tools used for plumbing (1½ mks)
State two maintenance practices carried out on an ox-drawn plough ( 1 mk)
List two sources of farm’s power which are environmental friendly (1 mk)
State four functions of the lubricating system in a tractor (2mks)
State two conditions under which a farmer would prefer to use an ox-cart instead of a tractor-drawn trailer (1mks)
State four qualities considered when selecting a heifer for dairy purposes (1mks)
Give one role of a damp proof course in the foundation of a farm building (1mk)

SECTION B (30MKS)

The illustrations below represents the stages of development of a three –host tick. Study it carefully and then answer the questions that follow:
1. Briefly explain what is happening in the following stages (4 marks)
2. Why do you think that tick control is difficult using acaricides? (1 mark)
3. Name the most common sites the tick can be found on the body of an animal. (2 marks)
4. Give two examples of a three host tick (1mark)
The diagram below illustrates a certain practice carried out in sheep management. Study carefully and answer the questions that follow
1. Identify the practice illustrated above (1mark)
2. State two precautions a farmer should put into consideration when carrying out this practice. (2marks)
3. How often should the practice be carried out? (1mark)
Below in an activity carried out in poultry production. Study it carefully then answer the questions that follow.
1. Identify the practice being carried out...................................................................... (1 mk)
2. State three defects that can be detected by this practice (3 mks)
3. State two disadvantages of artificial incubation. (2 mks)
Use the above diagram of a calf pen to answer the questions that follow.
1. How high should the calf pen be raised from the ground (1mk)
2. Give any two reasons why calves are housed singly (2mks)
3. Why should the calf pen be near the milking parlour? (2mks)
Study the diagram below of a diesel fuel system then answer the questions that follow.
1. Identify the parts labelled (3 mks)
  A.....................................................................................................................................................
  B.....................................................................................................................................................
  C.....................................................................................................................................................
2. State three maintenance practices carried out on the system (2mks)
Outline the procedure of proper milking technique (3 mks)

SECTION C (20MKS)

1. Outline five signs of heat in a cow (5 mks)
2. Outline five causes of stress in poultry and describe their control (10mks)
3. Using Pearson’s square compute a ration with 20% DCP from oats which contains 10% DCP and simsim seedcake containing 60% DCP. (show your working) (5mks)
1. Outline the daily maintenance practices that should be carried out on a farm tractor (8 mks)
2. Outline twelve general symptoms of endoparasite attack in livestock. (12 mks)
1. State four advantages of using a sub soiler in seedbed preparation (4mks)
2. Give five advantages of artificial insemination in cattle management (5mks)
3. State five function of water in animal’s body (5mks)
4. Describe control measures for tape worm in livestock (6mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

Apiculture - keeping of bees.
- BROWN EAR TICK - East Coast Fever, Corridor disease, Nairobi sheep disease.
- TSETSEFLY - Trypanosomiasis/ Nagana
Intermediate host for liverfluke Fasciola spp.
Fresh water snail/Lymneaspp
Breeds of rabbits
- Chinchilla
- Carlifonia white
- Newzealand white
- Earlop
- Martensable
- Flemish Giant
Functions of a crop in a digestive system of chicken.
- Mixes and softens food with water
- Temporary storage of water
Ways of restraining cattle.
- Use of rope/halters/casting
- Use of lead stick and bull ring
- Use of crush
- Use of head yoke
- Use of isolation yard/ pen
- Casting.
Livestock diseases caused by virus.
- Gumboro/infectious Bursa disease
- Fowl pox
- New castle disease
- African Swine fever
- Foot and mouth disease
- Rinderpest/cattle plague
- Lumpy skin disease
- Bird flu
- Mareki disease
- Mad cow disease
Types of selection practiced by livestock farmers.
- Mass selection
- Progeny testing
- Contemporary comparison.
Ways of preventing predation in a fish pond.
- Fencing with mesh wire
- Placing sieve at inlet
Functions of feed additives in livestock production.
- Prevent diseases
- Promote growth of milk secretion
- Increase efficiency of feeds
Types of calf pens
- Movable
- Permanent
Advantages of embryo transplant.
- Stimulate milk production.
- Highly productive female can spread over and benefit many farmers
- Easier to transport than whole animals
- Embryos can be stored for a long period.
- Possible to implant embryo from high quality female.
Roles of testis in male reproductive system.
- Production of spermatozoa
- Secretion of male sex hormone
MOTHERING ABILITY- ability of the dam/mother to take care of offspring until weaning.
PROLIFICACY-ability of female to give birth to many offsprings at the same time
Ways in which feeding contributes to disease control.
- Prevents deficiency diseases
- Improves animal’s ability to resist diseases.
- Contains herbal medicine against diseases
Functional differences between rumen and abomasum
Rumen
Temporary storage
Biological digestion
Abomasum
True stomach
Secrets digestive enzymes
Four practices carried out in the crush ½ x 4 (2 mks)
- Dehorning
- Hoof trimming
- Vacinnation / injection
- A.I.
- Pregnancy diagnosis
- Spraying
- Castration
- Identification
Three dual purpose cattle breeds ½ x 3 = 1½mks
- Sahiwal
- Red poll
- Simmental
Three terms used to describe the following: -
1. Mature male pig : boar
2. Sterilised birds : Capon
3. Mature female goat : Doe / nanny ½ x 3 = 1½mks
Four reasons for identifying farm animals ¼ x 4 = 2mks
- Facilitate selection and breeding
- Facilitate feeding
- Facilitate record keeping
- Facilitate culling
- Facilitate disease control and treatment.
Four factors that determine the quality of honey ½ x 4 = 2 mks
- Type of plant from which nector was obtained
- Maturity stage of honey at harvesting time
- Method of harvesting
- Method of processing
Four categories of livestock diseases ½ x 4 = 2 mks
- Bacterial
- Viral
- Protozoan
- Nutritional
Three tools used for plumbing ½ x 3 = 1½mks
- Pipe wrench
- Pipe cutter
- Stock and die
- Hacksaw
- Adjustable spanner
- Screw drivers
- Sash clamp
- Tape measure
- Combination square
Four maintenance practices carried out on an ox-drawn plough ¼ x 4 = 2 mks
- Lubricate land wheel bearing / moving parts
- Replace worn out share
- Sharpen blunt share
- Tight loose bolts and nuts
- Clean after use
- Proper storage / in a shed
- Before long storage paint / coat with old engine oil / any other anti-rust substance to prevent rusting.
Four sources of farm power which are environmental friendly ¼ x 4 = 2 mks
- Solar power
- Wind power
- Water power
- Human power
- Animal power
- Electricity
- Biogas
Four functions of the lubricating system in a tractor ¼ x 4 = 2 mks
- Reduce friction / increase efficiency
- Prevent rusting
- Prevents tear and wear
- Cleaning agent
- Reduce heat
State two conditions under which a farmer would prefer to use an ox-cart instead of a tractor-drawn trailer ½ x 2 = 2 mks
- In case of inadequate capital
- Small load to carry
- Too steep an area to use a tractor.
State four qualities considered when selecting a heifer for dairy purposes ½ x 4 = 2mks
- Body conformation / Triangular shaped / wedge shape
- From high milk yielding family
- Well adapted to the environment
- Free from physical defects
- Healthy / free from disease
- Docile / easy to handle
Give one role of a damp proof course in the foundation of a farm building 1 x 1 = 1 mk
- Prevents moisture from rising up the wall
- Prevents termites from climbing up the wall.

SECTION B

1. 1: Eggs hatch and larvae emerge
  4: Nymphs climb onto a 2nd host and feed
  5: Engorged nymphs drop down to lay eggs
  7: Engorged female drops to lay eggs 4 x½ = 2 mks
2. Tick keeps on dropping off the animals at every stage of development , so it is not affected by acaricides when the animal is sprayed / dipped 1x½ = 1 mk
3. Most common sites where ticks are found
  - Ears
  - Base of the horns
  - Around the eyes
  - Tail switch
4. Examples a three host
  - Brown ear tick
  - Boot tick
  - East African boot tick
1. Wool shearing (½ mk)
2. Shearing should be done on clean floor free of grease
  Care should be taken not to cut skin, testicles, udder, vulva and penis (2 x 1 = 2mks)
3. Once in a year (½mk)
Below in an activity carried out in poultry production. Study it carefully then answer the questions that follow.
1. Identify the practice being carried out : egg candling (1 mk)
2. Three defects that can be detected by this practice (1 x 3 = 3 mks)
  - Size of air space
  - Fertility
  - Very porous shell
  - Blood spot
  - Meat spot
  - Double yolk
  - Broken shell
  - Hair cracks
3. Two disadvantages of artificial incubation. (1 x 2 = 2 mks)
  - High initial capital / expesive to buy incubator
  - Labour demanding
  - Requires high skills
  - High risk of damaging all eggs.
Use the above diagram of a calf pen to answer the questions that follow.
1. How high should the calf pen be raised from the ground: 50cm (1mk)
2. Give any two reasons why calves are housed singly 1 x 2 = 2mks
  - Avoid calves licking each other / formation of hair balls.
  - Avoid spread of diseases / parasites
3. Why should the calf pen be near the milking parlour? 1 x 2 = 2mks
  - Avoid contamination of milk
  - Calf takes milk at mother’s body temperature
  - Minimize problem of scouring
Study the diagram below of a diesel fuel system then aswer the questions that follow
1. Identify the parts labelled (3 mks)
  A - Air cleaner (1 mk) B - Injector pump (1 mk) C - Exhaust pipe (1 mk)
2. Three maintenance practices carried out on the system 1 x 3 = (3 mks)
  - Replace / clean oil filters as recommended
  - Remove and clean sediment bowl regularly
  - Replace worn out injectors
  - Bleeding should be done in case air is entrapped in the system.
  - Replace dirt from air cleaner / clean air cleaner element by blowing with air (dry type)

SECTION C

1. Five signs of heat in a cow 1 x 5 = (5 mks)
  - Restlessness
  - Mounting on others / stands still when mounted
  - Slight increase in body temperature
  - Drop in milk production in lactating cows
  - Reddish and swollen vulva
  - Clear / slimmy mucus from vulva
  - Bellowing / mooing frequently
  - Frequent urination
2. Five causes of stress in poultry and describe their control (10mks)
  - Sudden change in routine practices
  - Sudden change of feed
  - Presence of predators / strangers in the house
  - Attack by external parasites and diseases
  - Sudden loud noise
  - Abrupt change in weather
  - Poor handling of birds during routine practices
  - Inadequate feed and water
  - Overcrowding
    Control
  - Change of routine practices should be gradual
  - Change in feed should be done gradually.
  - Seal the house against predators.
  - Control parasite and disease attack promptly.
  - Locate the poultry house in an appropriate place free from noise.
  - Insulate the house against weather elements.
  - Handle the birds properly
  - Provide adequate feed and water to birds.
  - Ensure proper floor space
    [Five causes and their control 1 x 10 = 10 marks]
3. Using pearson’s square compute a ration with 20% DCP from oats which contains 10% DCP and simsim seedcake containing 60% DCP. ½ x 10 = (5mks)
  
  10 parts of simsim
  50 parts
  Oats - 40 x 100 = 80 kgs of oats
  50
  Simsim - = 20 kgs of simsim
1. Daily maintenance practices that should be carried out on a farm tractor 1 x 8 = 8 mks
  - Check oil level / level of oil in the sump using dip stick
  - Check level of fuel in the tank
  - Check level of electrolyte in the battery and adjust accordingly.
  - Check level of water in the radiator and top up.
  - Grease moving parts
  - Check fan belt tension and adjust accordingly.
  - Check tyre pressure and adjust accordingly
  - Tighten loose bolts and nuts
  - Open and remove dirt from sediment bowls
2. Outline twelve general symptoms of endoparasite attack in livestock. 1 x 12 = 12 mks
  - Emaciation
  - Decline in production
  - Staring / rough coat
  - Oedematous swelling under the jaw.
  - Diarrhoea
  - Pot-belly
  - Persistent cough
  - Anorexia / loss of appepite
  - Eggs / parasite in faeces
  - Depraved appetite / abnormal appetite
  - Blockage / obstruction of internal organs
  - Anaemia
1. State four advantages of using a sub soiler in seedbed preparation (4mks)
  - Used in breaking hard pan
  - Facilitate aeration
  - Facilitate water infiltration
  - Help in pulling deep rooted weeds
  - They loosen up the the soil through the vibration they make
2. Give five advantages of artificial insemination in cattle management (5mks)
  - Controls breeding diseases /parasites
  - Controls breeding
  - Its quicker method of obtaining a proven bull
  - It is easy and cheap to transport semen to far areas
  - Semen from a superior bull can be used to serve many cows
  - Farmers who cannot afford to buy a superior bull can access the service at a low cost
  - Bulls that cannot serve naturally due to physically injuries/defects can be utilized
  - Prevents injuries to cows by heavy bulls
3. State five function of water in animal’s body (5mks)
  - Acts as solvent for chemical Substances
  - Its a medium of transport of nutrients in the animals body
  - Help in excretion of waste product from animals body
  - Regulates temperature through sweating and evaporation
  - Maintaining solute –solvent balance in body fluids (osmoregulation)
  - Make cells turgid ;maintaining the shape of the body cells
  - Used in bio chemical reactions in the body e.g digestion of food
  - It’s a component of body fluids
  - Describe control measures for tape worm in livestock (6mks
  - Use of prophylactic drugs
  - Keep animal houses clean and disinfected
  - Practice rotational grazing and rest pastures to starve larvae to death
  - Keep feeding and watering equipment clean
  - Use of latrine by farm workers/proper disposal of human exceta
  - Proper meat inspection
  - Proper cooking of meat