Geography P2 Questions and Answers - Nambale Mock Exams 2021/2022

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:

• Write your name, admission number and index number in the spaces provided above.
• This paper has two sections. Section A and B.
• Answer all questions in section A.
• In section B, answer Q6 and any other two questions.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY:

QUESTION

SECTION A

1.                              
   1. What is human geography? (2mks)
   2. State three ways in which the study of geography contributes to the economic development of Kenya (3mks)
2.                        
   1. Name the minerals mined in the following regions:
      • Kerio Valley (1mk)
      • Kariandusi (1mk)
      • Lake Magadi (1mk)
   2. Give two ways in which minerals occur (2mks)
3.                              
   1. List two physical factors that influence agriculture (2mks)
   2. State three benefits of plantation farming (3mks)
4.                        
   1. Define settlement pattern (2mks)
   2. State three characteristics of Central Business District (3mks)
5. State five factors which favour development of car and electronics industry in Japan (5mks)

SECTION B:
Answer Q6 and any other two questions from this section.

6. The table below shows the value of some of Kenya’s mineral exports from 215 to 2018. Use it to answer questions (a) and (b).
   

   Year           Mineral	2015	2016	2017	2018
   Soda ash	13200	8300	7300	12400
   Petroleum products	4200	4500	4700	6100
   Cement	7300	7800	7400	8900

   1.                                        
      1. Using a scale of l cm to represent l000 million Kenya Shillings, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the data shown. (8mks)
      2. State three advantages of using comparative bar graphs to represent statistical data. (3mks)
   2. Calculate the percentage increase in value of exports between the years 2017 and 2018. (6mks)
   3. Explain the significance of trade to the economy of Kenya. (8mks)
7.                            
   1.                            
      1. Name three beef farming areas in Argentina (3mks)
      2. List three beef cattle breeds reared in Argentina (3mks)
   2. State five factors which favour beef farming in Argentina (5mks)
   3. Explain four benefits of beef farming to the economy of Argentina (8mks)
   4. Outline three differences between beef farming in Kenya and Argentina (6mks)
8.                              
   1. Differentiate between a national park and a game reserve (2mks)
   2.                                                  
      1. State four reasons for establishing national parks in Kenya (4mks)
      2. Identify five examples of game sanctuaries in Kenya (5mks)
   3.                            
      1. Define domestic tourism (2mks)
      2. State four factors that hinder domestic tourism in Kenya (4mks)
   4. Explain four factors that make Switzerland receive more tourists than Kenya(8mks)
9.                            
   1. Differentiate between forests and forestry (2mks)
   2. Explain four factors influencing distribution of natural forests in Kenya (8mks)
   3.                              
      1. Identify three uses of forest product (3mks)
      2. Give four characteristics of coniferous forests (4mks)
   4. Explain factors that have led to the decline of the area under forest cover in Kenya (8mks)
10.                                
    1.                            
       1. List three traditional methods in Kenya (3mks)
       2. Give three benefits of fish farming in Kenya (3mks)
    2. Describe drifting as a method of fishing (5mks)
    3. Explain four reasons why marine fishing in Kenya is less developed (8mks)
    4. You intend to carry out field study on fishing a long Usenge beach on L.Victoria .
       1. State three preparations you would make for the study (3mks)
       2. List three activities you are likely to carry out during the study (3mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.                        
   1. What is human geography? (2mks)
      • Human Geography is the study of activities by mankind on the earth surface.
        1x2 = 2 marks
   2. State three ways in which the study of geography contributes to the economic development of Kenya (3mks)
      • Environmental conservation has led to development of national parks which promotes tourism.
      • Pedological study has led to improvement of agricultural production hence food security
      • Exploitation of forest products act as raw material in paper industry.
      • International awareness is an essential tool for national development.
      • Helps in advancing careers. Any 3 x1 = 3 marks
2.                          
   1. Name the minerals mined in the following regions:
      • Kerio Valley - Flour spar (1mk)
      • Kariandusi - Diatomite (1mk)
      • Lake Magadi - Soda ash tirona (1mk)
   2. Give two ways in which minerals occur (2mks)
      • Veins and lodes
      • seams and beds/ layers
      • Alluvial deposits
      • weathered rock products
3.                            
   1. List two physical factors that influence agriculture (2mks)
      • climate
      • Relief
      • Soils
   2. State three benefits of plantation farming (3mks)
      • Products high quality products that compete well in world market.
      • Enjoys economies of scale resulting to lower production costs.
      • Creates employment opportunities
      • Products are exploited earning foreign exchange
      • Enhances development of transport and communication networks
      • Encourages research on modern farming methods
      • Utilizes marginal lands through irrigation
      • Provides raw materials for industries.
        Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
4.                  
   1. Define settlement pattern (2mks)
      • It is an arrangement or layout of dwellings or buildings in an area.
        2 x 1 = 2 marks
   2. State three characteristics of Central Business District (3mks)
      • It is at the city centre/downtown
      • It’s a focal point joined by roads from all other areas.
      • Has tall buildings for offices
      • It’s an income generating area with hotels, banks, insurance centres etc
      • It has high rental value/land very expensive
      • Heavy traffic flow on week days
      • Deserted on night/has fewer people
        3 x 1 = 3 marks
5. State five factors which favour development of car and electronics industry in Japan (5mks)
   • Advanced technology and highly skilled labour has increased efficiency.
   • Highly developed energy sources provided the power required.
   • Available of large external market
   • The large population has high purchasing power
   • Japan has advanced scientific research
   • The government’s emphasis on technical and science oriented education.
   • Availability of capital to the entrepreneurs.
   • The government’s emphasis on technical and science oriented education
   • Availability of capital to the entrepreneurs.
   • The rugged land land scape of Japan discourages agriculture hence industrial development
   • Well developed transport network and Japan’s strategic location
     Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
6. The table below shows the value of some of Kenya’s mineral exports from 215 to 2018. Use it to answer questions (a) and (b).
   1.                      
      1. Using a scale of l cm to represent l000 million Kenya Shillings, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the data shown. (8mks)
      2. State three advantages of using comparative bar graphs to represent statistical data. (3mks)
         • Easy to draw
         • Easy to read and interpret
         • Easy to compare similar components
         • Gives a good impression of totality
         • Individual contribution is clearly seen.
           Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
   2. Calculate the percentage increase in value of exports between the years 2017 and 2018. (6mks)
      • Soda ash
        5100 x 100 = 69.9%
        7300
      • Petroleum products
        1400 x 100 = 29.8%
        4700
      • Cement
        1500 x 100 = 20.3%
        7400
   3. Explain the significance of trade to the economy of Kenya. (8mks)
      • Trade generates revenue through taxation of goods and services which is used to develop other sectors of the economy.
      • Trade creates employment opportunities thus raising living standards of people
      • The demand for manufactured goods for trade stimulates industrial growth and development of agricultural sectors
      • Export of goods enables the country earn foreign exchange used to pay for international debts.
      • Trade leads to improvement and expansion of transport sector
      • Trade enhances economic cooperation between Kenya and the trading partners which creates international relations.
      • Trade enhances economic cooperation between Kenya and the trading partners which creates between international relations.
7.                        
   1.                  
      1. Name three beef farming areas in Argentina (3mks)
         • Chaco
         • Formosa
         • Santiago –del-estro
         • Santa-fe
         • La-planta
         • Montevideo
         • Bahaz Blanca
         • Fray Bentos
           Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
      2. List three beef cattle breeds reared in Argentina (3mks)
         • Short lion
         • Aberdeen Angus
         • Hereford
         • Brangus any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
   2. State five factors which favour beef farming in Argentina (5mks)
      • High quality natural pasture used to feed the animals.
      • Extensive flat/gently sloping pampas grassland are suitable for grazing
      • The maritime climate with warm conditions and well distributed rainfall for growth of pasture.
      • Cross breeding of traditional cattle with high quality breeds like Hereford has improved the quality
      • Availability of water supplied using wind pumps ensure constant supply of water.
      • Availability of local and export markets that help expand the industry.
      • Availability of refrigeration facilities
      • Good transport network
      • Availability of skilled farmers
        Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
   3. Explain four benefits of beef farming to the economy of Argentina (8mks)
      • Creation of employment opportunities in slaughter house, butcheries ranches thus raising the living standards.
      • Beef products provide food improving people’s diet
      • Beef products are exported to earn the country foreign exchange used to develop other sectors of economy.
      • Beef products provide raw materials for industries promoting industrialization
      • Income generated from beef farming has been used to improve social amenities
        Any 4 2 = 8 marks
   4. Outline three differences between beef farming in Kenya and Argentina (6mks)
      • In Argentina most beef products are exported while in Kenya most beef products are sold locally.
      • In Argentina beef animals and products are transported by railways from ranches to factories while in Kenya animals are transported by roads to slaughter houses
      • In Argentina farmers mainly keep exotic breeds in ranches while in Kenya both exotic and local breeds are kept.
      • In Argentina there are many beef processing factories/Abattoirs while in Kenya there are few slaughter houses.
8.                          
   1. Differentiate between a national park and a game reserve (2mks)
      • A national park is an area set aside for protection of wildlife and it’s managed by the central government and no grazing of livestock is allowed while a game reserve is an area set aside for wildlife protection and is managed by the local/county government and grazing of livestock is allowed
   2.                    
      1. State four reasons for establishing national parks in Kenya (4mks)
         • To preserve the natural beauty
         • To conserve wildlife/plants and animals
         • To promote tourism or provide areas for recreation
         • To create an environment for education and research.
           Any 4 x 1 = 4 marks
      2. Identify five examples of game sanctuaries in Kenya (5mks)
         • L. Nakuru Sanctuary for flamingoes
         • Saiwa birds Sanctuary in Kitale
         • Maralal Sanctuary
         • Nairobi National park sanctuary for rhinos
         • Ngulia in Tsavo National park for rhinos
         • Kisumu sanctuary for impalas
           Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
   3.                                  
      1. Define domestic tourism (2mks)
         • Domestic tourism is the visiting to areas of interest by local residents within their country.
      2. State four factors that hinder domestic tourism in Kenya (4mks)
         • Some roads leading to tourism sites are poorly maintained.
         • Inadequate local complain and advertisement of tourist attractions.
         • Negative attitude towards local tourism limits the number of people who engage in local tourism.
         • Insecurity from gangsters/poachers in the national parks
         • The high cost of accommodation in the tourist lodges
         • The high cost of hiring tourist vehicles
         • The high cost of entry fee to tourist attraction sites
           Any 4 x 1 = 4 marks
   4. Explain four factors that make Switzerland receive more tourists than Kenya(8mks)
      • Switzerland is located in central Europe thus easily accessible by European tourists while Kenya is far away from Europe.
      • Switzerland has political neutrality and peaceful atmosphere encouraging tourists while Kenya experiences tribal clashes and terrorist attacks that scare away tourists
      • The Swiss speak many European languages making tourists feel at home while Kenya has few people who speak European languages.
      • Switzerland carries out more effective marketing of tourism while Kenya has less promotion abroad hence few tourists
      • Switzerland has a well-developed transport network for easy access to tourist site while in Kenya many roads to attraction sites are poorly maintained
      • Good package tours in Switzerland
      • Switzerland is Headquaters for many organizations
        Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks
9.                              
   1. Differentiate between forests and forestry (2mks)
      • Forest is a continuous growth of trees and undergrowth covering, a large tract of land while forestry is the act of developing and managing forests
        1 x 2 = 2 marks
   2. Explain four factors influencing distribution of natural forests in Kenya (8mks)
      • The areas which receive high rainfall/ 1000 – 2200mm per year have continuous growth of trees/dense forests while areas that receive low rainfall have scattered/trees
      • Cool/warm conditions encourage growth of variety of trees while cold/hot conditions discourage growth of trees
      • Deep well drained soils support growth of trees since they allow the roots to penetrate deep into the ground while sandy/thin soils discourage growth of trees
      • Areas which are gazette as forest reserves are prohibited from settlement or cultivation hence forests grow without interference.
      • Some steep slopes are covered by forest since there are limited human activities.
      • Population pressure has led to clearing of some forested areas for settlement (cultivation
      • High demand of wood fuel /timber has led to cutting down of trees.
      • Forest fires reduce area under forest cover
      • Some wild animals (elephants) destroy forests
        Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks
   3.                                  
      1. Identify three uses of forest product (3mks)
         • Forests are sources of food – fruits, honey, mushrooms etc.
         • Forests provide wood used to manufacture paper, ply wood etc
         • Forest wood is used in cottage industry for making carvings etc.
         • Forest flora and fauna are rich reservoir for research.
      2. Give four characteristics of coniferous forests (4mks)
         • Trees have straight trunks
         • Trees are cone shaped
         • Trees have thick barks
         • Most trees are evergreen (not (all)
         • Trees have narrow needle like leaves
         • Species occur in pure stands
         • Trees are softwood
         • There is little undergrowth
         • Trees have shallow roots
         • Trees take long to mature (50-70 years)
         • Trees have waxy back
         • Trees are tall
         • Tree trucks are flexible.
   4. Explain factors that have led to the decline of the area under forest cover in Kenya (8mks)
      • utbreak of forest fires during the dry season which destroy large parts of the forest
      • Overexploitation which can lead to extinction of some tree species.
      • Illegal cultivation has led to clearing of some parts of the forest
      • Occurrence of plant disease and pest destroys some trees species in the forest.
      • Prolonged drought has caused some trees to dry off
      • In some areas there is increase in population of elephants that destroy a lot of trees
      • Population pressure has led to encroachment of forested areas.
      • The government policy of de gazettment has allowed settlement/cultivation of the forest area
        Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks
10.                                      
    1.                                
       1. List three traditional methods in Kenya (3mks)
          • Basket fishing
          • Harpooning/spear and arrow
          • Handlines/hook and line
          • Use of herbs
          • Lampara/lamp and net
            Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
       2. Give three benefits of fish farming in Kenya (3mks)
          • It provides and alternative and healthy sources of proteins to the people
          • Fish is sold for income raising farmers’ living standards.
          • Some fish products are exported thus providing foreign exchange.
          • Fish farming activities create employment opportunities
          • Fish products are raw materials to some industries
          • It helps diversify the economy away from crop farming/livestock keeping.
            Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Describe drifting as a method of fishing (5mks)
       • A large net is attached to a drifter ship or a boat.
       • It has floats on the upper side to keep it floating in water.
       • It has weights on the lower side to make it sink and stand vertically below the water surface.
       • Fish swimming through the net is trapped y their gills.
       • After enough fish has been trapped, the net is pulled by the drifter to the shore.
       • The fish are removed from the net and taken for processing.
       • The net is then returned back into the sea for more catch.
    3. Explain four reasons why marine fishing in Kenya is less developed (8mks)
       • The fisheries have a narrow continental shelf with deep waters that are unsuitable for growth of plankton thus have few fish species.
       • Poor transport connections between the fisheries and the market areas discourages fishermen
       • Regular coastlines with few indentation are unsuitable for fish breeding
       • Inadequate skills and technology discourages deep sea fishing
       • Inadequate capital to buy modern fishing vessels and preservation facilities limit the fishing activities
       • Low demand for salt water fish thus discouraging marine fishing.
       • Competition in deep sea fishing and poaching in territorial waters discourages local fishermen.
         Any 4 x 2 = 8 marks
    4. You intend to carry out field study on fishing a long Usenge beach on L. Victoria .
       1. State three preparations you would make for the study (3mks)
          • seek permission from relevant authorities
          • Prepare a working schedule
          • Conduct a pre-visit/reconnaissance
          • Adjust the earlier stated objectives
          • Prepare tools and equipment
          • Form groups
       2. List three activities you are likely to carry out during the study (3mks)
          • Asking questions
          • Taking photographs
          • Filling the questionnaires
          • Sketching
            Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks