Instructions to candidates
- This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
- Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
- Answer to all the questions must be written in the answer booklet provided.
- This paper consists of 3 printed pages.
- Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
- Answer all questions in English.
SECTION A [25 MARKS]
Answer all questions in this section.
- Identify two areas of studying History and Government. [2 marks]
- Give the main source of information on Kenyan communities. [1 mark]
- Identify one political reason for the migration of the Oromo. [1 mark]
- Apart from Akamba, name two Eastern Bantu communities which settledin Kenya during the pre- colonial period . [2 marks]
- Give the main reason for the decline of Gedi during the 15th century. [1 mark]
- State the main reason why the local government was established in Kenya during colonial period. [1 mark]
- State the constitutional amendment that made Kenya to return to a multi–party state. [1 mark]
- Identify the main disadvantage of democracy. [1 mark]
- List two national days celebrated in Kenya. [2 marks]
- Identify two economic benefits of the Kenya – Uganda railway during the colonial period. [2 marks]
- Identify the main voting system used in Kenya during the general elections.[1 mark]
- State two functions of the local Native Council in Kenya. [2 marks]
- Give one member of AEMO at its inception. [1 marks]
- Name the administrative head of the Kenyan parliament. . [1 mark]
- Give two contributions of Daniel Arap Moi in the field of education. [2 marks]
- Outline two functions of a Returning Officer. [2 marks]
- State two ways in which Harambee Spirit promotes national unity in Kenya. [2marks]
SECTION B [45MARKS]
Answer any three questions in this section. -
- Identify the three Luo groups which migrated into Kenya during the pre–colonial period. [3 marks]
- Describe the political organization of the Luo during the pre-colonial period. [12 marks]
-
- Give five reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar. [5 marks]
- Explain five factors that led to the development of plantation agriculture along the coast of East Africa from 1850. [10marks]
-
- Mention Five duties of African chiefs during the British indirect rule in Kenya [5 marks]
- Explain five problems experienced by Imperial British East African Company.[12marks]
-
- Identify three constitutional changes that took place in Kenya between 1954 to 1963. [3 marks]
- Explain six consequences of the Mau Mau rebellion on the Kenyan people in the colonial period [12 marks]
SECTION C [30 MARKS]
Answer any two questions in this section.
-
- Name three features of a good constitution. [3 marks]
- Describe the stages through which a bill passes before it becomes a law in the National Assembly of Kenya. [12marks]
-
- Give five roles of the senate in Kenya. [5marks]
- Explain five functions of the speaker of the national assembly. [10marks]
-
- Give the composition of the county assembly. [3 marks]
- Explain six challenges facing the Kenya Defence Force. [12 marks]
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A [25 MARKS]
- Identify two areas of studying History and Government. [2 marks]
- Political
- Social
- Economic (first 2x1=2)
- Give the main source of information on Kenyan communities. [1 mark]
Oral tradition. (1x1=1) - Identify one political reason for the migration of the Oromo. [1 mark]
- Attack by their neighbuors – Galla/external attacks
- Leadership wrangles/ Internal conflicts
- Expansion of territories
- Fleeing from Menelik II
(First 1x1=1)
- Apart from Akamba, name two Eastern Bantu communities which settledin Kenya during the pre- colonial period . [2 marks]
- The Aembu
- The Ameru
- The Agikuyu
- The Mijikenda
- Mbeere
- Pokomo
- Taita
(First 2x1=2)
- Give the main reason for the decline of Gedi during the 15th century.[1mark]
Drought/ lack of water. (1x1=1) - State the main reason why the local government was established in Kenya during colonial period. [1 mark]
To link the central government with local communities. (1x1=1) - State the constitutional amendment that made Kenya to return to a multiparty state. [1 mark]
Repeal of section 2A of the constitution. (1x1=1) - Identify the main disadvantage of democracy. [1 mark]
It promotes dictatorship by the majority. (1x1=1) - List two national days celebrated in Kenya. [2 marks]
- Mashujaa Day
- Madaraka Day
- Jamuhuri Day (any 2x1=2)
- Identify two economic benefits of the Kenya – Uganda railway during the colonial period. [2 marks]
- It facilitated the transportation of goods and services.
- It led to the development of urban centres.
- It facilitated the movement of traders/ promoted trade.
- It opened up the interior for economic development e.g plantation agriculture and industry.
- It led to creation of employment opportunities.
- It led to the development of other forms of transport and communication e.g roads and telecommunication
(First 2x1=2)
- Identify the main voting system used in Kenya during the general elections. [1 mark]
Secret ballot.(1x1=1) - State two functions of the local Native Council in Kenya. [2 marks]
- Ensuring proper restriction of Africans in reserves.
- Ensuring ways in which educated Africans would articulate their grievances at the District level.
- Providing ways in which government would understand the Africans better.
- Encouraging and developing a sense of responsibility. (First 2x1=2)
- Give one member of AEMO at its inception. [1 marks]
- Daniel Arap Moi
- Masinde Muliro
- Lawrence Oguda
- James Muimi
- Tom Mboya
- Ronald Ngala
- Benard Mate
- Oginga Odinga (any 1x1=1)
- Name the administrative head of the Kenyan parliament.. [1 mark]
The Clerk (1x1=1) - Give two contributions of Daniel Arap Moi in the field of education.[2marks]
- He introduced the 8-4-4 system of education.
- He encouraged participation in Harambees for educational institutions and programmes.
- He introduced school feeding programme/ free milk (2x1=2)
- Outline two functions of a Returning Officer. [2 marks]
- Setting up polling booths in each polling station.
- Receiving nomination papers from prospective candidates.
- Distributing ballot papers and boxes to all polling stations.
- Supervising the voting and counting of votes in the constituency.
- Appointing presiding officer in each polling station.
- Announcing the results of the elections in the constituency. (2x1=2)
- State two ways in which Harambee Spirit promotes national unity in Kenya. [2 marks]
- It encourages people to work together.
- It promotes cooperation
- It promotes equity in the distribution of resources
- It enhances interaction of the people
- It promotes patriotism (2x1=2)
SECTION B [45MARKS]
Answer ANY three questions in this section.
-
- Identify the three Luo groups which migrated into Kenya during the pre colonial period. [3 marks]
- joka –Jok
- joka – Owiny
- Joka – Omolo (3x1=3)
- Describe the political organization of the Luo during the pre-colonial period. [12 marks]
- The Luo were a decentralized community.
- At the lowest level of political structure was the family head referred to as Jaduong‟ which means “the big one”
- Several families who traced their origin to a common ancestor formed a clan. Many such clans existed within the Luo community.
- Within the clan, there existed a council of elders called Doho.
- Members of the Doho or clan council were responsible for settling inter-family disputes.
- Below the Doho were lineage councils called buch dhoot that tackled domestic issues.
- Beyond the Doho was a grouping of clans called Oganda.
- At the Oganda level was a council of elders whose chief elder was called Ruoth.
- The council of elders at the Oganda level was known as Buch Piny (the law of the land). (Any 6×2=12 marks)
- Identify the three Luo groups which migrated into Kenya during the pre colonial period. [3 marks]
-
- Give five reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar. [5 marks]
- the people of Zanzibar were loyal and supportive to him.
- Zanzibar had a pleasant climate compared to Muscat which was harsh hot and dry
- Zanzibar was an island which was easy to defend since enemies could be seen from far.
- Zanzibar had good deep harbours in which ships could anchor.
- Zanzibar was centrally located at the Coast for trade with Southern and Northern towns.
- Zanzibar had fertile soils for growth of cloves, coconut and grains.
- Zanzibar had clean and fresh water. (First 5x1=5)
- Explain five factors that led to the development of plantation agriculture along the coast of East Africa from 1850. [10marks]
- Existence of slave labour.
- Existence of fertile soils that favoured farming.
- The Coast had suitable climate and abundant rainfall.
- There was high demand for agricultural products at the Coast and overseas
- Presence of large tracts of land for plantation farming in the main land and the Coast.
- Large numbers of Oman settlers who settled in Malindi , Lamu and Mombasa acquired land for crop growing. ( first 5x2=10)
- Give five reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar. [5 marks]
-
- Mention Five duties of African chiefs during the British indirect rule in Kenya [5 marks]
- Collecting taxes
- Recruiting African labourers.
- Controlling the brewing and consumption of illicit liquor.
- Solving petty desputes involving Africans.
- Maintaining law and order in their jurisdiction (5 x1=5)
- Explain five problems experienced by Imperial British East African Company. [12 marks]
- Scarcity of mineral wealth and profitable export commodities.
- Poor transport network.
- Lack of proper coordination between the company headquarters in Britain and the officials in Kenya hence delay.
- Company officials were corrupt.
- Resistance from local communities.
- Inadequate funds to carry out its programmes.
- Unfavourable climatic conditions/ tropical diseases
- Lack of enough personnel.
- Rivalry from the Germany East African Company
- Language barrier. (First 5x2=10)
- Mention Five duties of African chiefs during the British indirect rule in Kenya [5 marks]
-
- Identify three constitutional changes that took place in Kenya between 1954 to 1963. [3 marks]
- The Lyttleton constitution of 1954 led to the appointment of the first African minister and nomination of other African leaders to the Legco.
- In 1957 the first all races elections were held and Africans were elected in 8 constitencies/regions.
- The Lennox Boyd constitution gave more seats to Africans from 8 to 14 members.
- The first Lancaster House Conference of 1960 gave Africans more seats in Legislative Council from 14 to 33 members.
- In 1960 the state of emergency was lifted and Africans were allowed to form countrywide political parties e.g KANU and KADU
- The second Lancaster House Conference drew up the independence constitution. Kenya was to become Majimbo state.
- In 1961 the first general elections were held and KANU won but refused toform the government until the release of Kenyatta.
- On June 1st 1963 Kenya got internal self government with Kenyatta as the first Prime minister
- On December 12th 1963 Kenya attained independence. (any 3x1=3)
- Explain six consequences of the Mau Mau rebellion on the Kenyan people in the colonial period. [12 marks]
- Loss of lives.
- Arrest and detention of many people.
- Depletion of resources in the colony which drew criticism over British administration of the colony
- Lifting the ban of African political parties.
- Interference of social and economic aspects of the central Kenya people due to fear on them
- Division of the Agikuyu between the loyalists and critics of the colonial government.
- Destruction of property like houses and farms.
- Increased nationalism in other parts of Africa due to Mau Mau inspiration.
- The British became more accommodative to African demands which speeded independence
- Displacement of people. (First 6x2=12)
- Identify three constitutional changes that took place in Kenya between 1954 to 1963. [3 marks]
SECTION C [30 MARKS]
Answer any two questions in this section.
-
- Name three features of a good constitution. [3 marks]
- Clarity- must be clear in its content
- Comprehensiveness –must address all components and organs of the government.
- Flexibility – must be adaptive to the changing needs of the society
- Bill of rights – must guarantee the Bill of rights of the people
- Durability – must be lasting without requiring amendments
- Amendments – must have clear procedures for amendments. (Any 3x1=3)
- Describe the stages through which a bill passes before it becomes a law in the National Assembly of Kenya. [12marks]
- First reading– the Bill presented to the national assembly by the mover, no debate takes place during this stage.
- Second reading– the Bill is debated upon by members and amendments are incorporated into the bill.
- Committee stage–the Bill is discussed in details and amendments made.
- Report stage– chairperson of the committee reports the amended bill to the whole house.
- Third reading– final debate on the Bill and voting is carried out. If the bill is supported by the majority then it is passed to the next stage.
- Presidential assent- it becomes an act of parliament.
- Gazetting- it becomes a law
(First 6x2=12)
- Name three features of a good constitution. [3 marks]
-
- Give five roles of the senate in Kenya. [5 marks]
- Represents and protects the interests of the counties.
- Debates and approves Bills concerning the counties.
- Determines the allocation of funds between national and county governments.
- Considers and determines resolutions to remove president or deputy president from office/governor.
- May initiate Bills concerning counties. (5x1=5)
- Explain five functions of the speaker of the national assembly. [10 marks]
- Is the spokesperson and head of the national assembly.
- Presides over the proceedings of the national assembly.
- Disciplines errant members of the national assembly.
- Represents the national assembly at the official functions outside parliament.
- Interprets standing orders to members of national assembly.
- Swears in new members of national assembly.
- Represents the dignity and authority of the house.
- Is the chairperson of the parliamentary service commission.
- Receives resignation letters from members of parliament.
- Declares parliamentary seat vacant. (First 5x 2=10)
- Give five roles of the senate in Kenya. [5 marks]
-
- Identify three members of the county assembly. [3 marks]
- Elected members from wards.
- Nominated members of the county assembly
- The speaker who is an ex officio member. (3x1=3)
- Explain six challenges facing the Kenya Defence Force. [12 marks]
- There have been cases of indiscipline such as the abortive coup attempt in 1982.
- There have been rampant cases of corruption facing some members of the KDF
- Tribalism, regionalism and nepotism have been experienced in the forces.
- Lack of adequate funds to equip the forces with good equipments to facilitate their work.
- Piracy and militia attacks and raids at the Kenya borders present a major security challenge.
- Invasion of Kenya’s territorial waters by foreign fishermen and foreign fishing vessels.
- Accusation of violation of human rights.
- Inadequate training which affects their operations. (First 6x2 =12)
- Identify three members of the county assembly. [3 marks]
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