INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. Write your name, index number and admission number in the space provided above.
2. The paper consists of three sections, A, B and C.
3. Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
4. Candidates should answer the questions in English.

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.

1. State one advantage of oral traditions as a source of information in History and Government. (1 mk)
2. Where were the remains of homo habilis found in Tanzania? (1 mk)
3. Give the main reason why dog was the earliest animal to be domesticated by man. (1 mk)
4. Name one method of trade. (1 mk)
5. Identify two forms of print media. (2 mks)
6. Name two energy sources during the industrial revolution in continental Europe. (2 mks)
7. Outline the role of religion in the growth of Athens city. (2 mks)
8. Identify the symbol of authority among the Asante Kingdom of Ghana.(1 mk)
9. Give the main reason for calling of the Berlin conference. (1 mk)
10. Name the leaders of Lozi kingdom who signed the Rudd concession. (1 mk)
11. Give two political reforms introduced by Sir Fredrick de Kherk. (2 mks)
12. Give two reasons why the League of Nations failed. (2 mks)
13. State the main characteristics of commonwealth association. (1 mk)
14. Outline two financial agencies established by African union. (2 mks)
15. State two principles of Arusha declaration of 1967. (2 mks)
16. Name two major political parties in India. (2 mks)
17. Name the head of government in Britain. (1 mk)
    
    SECTION B. (45 marks)
    ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.
18.      
    1. State five factors that led to early agriculture in Mesopotamia. (5 mks)
    2. Describe the culture of early man in the new Stone Age period. (10 mks)
19.      
    1. State three disadvantages of road transport. (3 mks)
    2. Explain six positive impacts of telecommunication today. (12 mks)
20.      
    1. State three importance of the council of ministers among the Baganda (3 mks)
    2. Describe the economic organization of the Asante people of Ghana. (12 mks)
21.      
    1. State five objectives of the common market for Eastern and Southern Africa. (5 mks)
    2. Explain five challenges facing Economic Community of West African States. (10 mks)
       
       SECTION C (30 marks)
       ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.
22.    
    1. Outline five political changes introduced by Mobutu Sese Seko in DRC. (5 mks)
    2. Explain five political challenges facing DRC since independence. (10 mks)
23.      
    1. State three methods used by nationalists in Ghana in the struggle for independence. (3 mks)
    2. Explain six factors that favoured the FRELIMO in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (12 mks)
24.    
    1. State three ways of becoming a member of parliament in Britain. (3 mks)
    2. Explain six functions of legislature in India . (12 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.

1. State one advantage of oral traditions as a source of information in History and Government. (1 mk)
   
   • Suitable for studying pre – history
   • It’s cheap
   • Complements other sources of history
2. Where were the remains of homo habilis found in Tanzania? (1 mk)
   Olduvail gorge
3. Give the main reason why dog was the earliest animal to be domesticated by man. (1 mk)
   Hunting 1X1
4. Name one method of trade. (1 mk)
   
   • Currency
   • Barter 1X1
5. Identify two forms of print media. (2 mks)
   
   • Newspapers
   • Books
   • Magazines
   • Pamphlets
   • Journals
   • Periodicals 2X1
6. Name two energy sources during the industrial revolution in continental Europe. (2 mks)
   • Coal
   • Oil
   • Steam
   • Electricity 2X1
7. Outline the role of religion in the growth of Athens city. (2 mks)
   • Centre of Greece Orthodox Church
   • City is named after Greeks goddess – Athena
   • Parthenon Temple and several others 2X1
8. Identify the symbol of authority among the Asante Kingdom of Ghana.(1 mk)
   Black stool 1X1
9. Give the main reason for calling of the Berlin conference. (1 mk)
   To avert a major war in Europe over territorial disputes in Africa 1X1
10. Name the leaders of Lozi kingdom who signed the Rudd concession. (1 mk)
    Lobengula
11. Give two political reforms introduced by Sir Fredrick de Kherk. (2 mks)
    • He released all political prisoners
    • He repeated apartheid laws e.g. pass laws
    • He allowed Africans to form political movements 2X1
12. Give two reasons why the League of Nations failed. (2 mks)
    • Had no military wing to effect deision
    • Major powers declined to join it
    • Inadequate funds
    • It was undermined by the conference of ambassadors in Paris
    • League was unpopular to Germany and her allies since it was dominated by versatile treaty.
13. State the main characteristics of commonwealth association. (1 mk)
    All are former colonies of Britain 1X1
14. Outline two financial agencies established by African union. (2 mks)
    • African monetary fund
    • African central bank / African development bank
    • African investment bank 2X1
15. State two principles of Arusha declaration of 1967. (2 mks)
    • Ujamaa
    • African socialism
    • Equality
    • Nationalization of the economy
16. Name two major political parties in India. (2 mks)
    • Baharafya fanata party
    • Congress party
    • Communist party 2X1
17. Name the head of government in Britain. (1 mk)
    Prime minister 1X1

SECTION B. (45 marks)
ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.

18.      
    1. State five factors that led to early agriculture in Mesopotamia. (5 mks)
       • Fertile silt from rivers deposits
       • Availability of water from Tigris and Euphrates
       • Land reclamation through dykes
       • Labour was provided by the population
       • Invention of the seed drill and plough
       • Availability of indigenous crops and animals 5X1
    2. Describe the culture of early man in the new Stone Age period. (10 mks)
       • Tools and weapons – micro lithic tools
       • Settlement – in villages and groups of 50 – 1000
       • Clothes – skin garments
       • Shelter – rock shelter
       • Art and craft – made pots using clay
       • Communication – used rudimentary language
       • Religion – buried the dead which shows they believed in life after death.
       • Government – made laws 5X2
19.      
    1. State three disadvantages of road transport. (3 mks)
       • Accidents / road carnage
       • Traffic congestion
       • Air pollution
       • Expensive to construct all weather roads 3X1
    2. Explain six positive impacts of telecommunication today. (12 mks)
       • Education and research
       • Entertainment
       • Space exploration
       • Improved air and water transport
       • Improved trade
       • Created employment
       • Source of revenue
       • Weather forecasting
       • Opening up remote areas 6X2
20.      
    1. State three importance of the council of ministers among the Baganda (3 mks)
       • Strengthened Kabaka’s authority
       • Made administration more effective
       • Custodian of Baganda history 3X1
    2. Describe the economic organization of the Asante people of Ghana. (12 mks)
       • Mining of gold
       • Livestock keeping
       • Crop cultivation
       • Craft industries
       • Basketry
       • Trading
       • Hunting and gathering 6X2
21.      
    1. State five objectives of the common market for Eastern and Southern Africa. (5 mks)
       • To create an enabling environment for joint investment
       • Strengthen relations between common market and the rest of the world
       • Cooperate in the promotion of peace security and stability
       • Promote joint development in all fields of economic activities
       • Contribute towards establishment of progress and the realization of the objectives of African economic community. 5X1
    2. Explain five challenges facing Economic Community of West African States. (10 mks)
       • Border disputes / closure e.g. between Ghana and Togo
       • Foreign interference e.g. French soldiers are still in Cote d’ Ivoire
       • Influx of workers from less developed to more developed countries
       • Ideological differences
       • Divided loyalty
       • Language barrier e.g. Anglophone vs Francophone
       • Inadequate finances
       • Nationalism – members prioritize their national interests
       • Insecurity due to military coup
       • Devalued currencies 6X2

SECTION C (30 marks)
ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.

22.      
    1. Outline five political changes introduced by Mobutu Sese Seko in DRC. (5 mks)
       • He banned all political parties and introduced one party state dictatorship.
       • He abolished federal system of government and local assemblies
       • He stripped parliament off its powers
       • He declared himself a life time president
       • He reduced number of administrative regions to 8
       • Changed Congo’s name to Zaire and renamed some towns 5X1
    2. Explain five political challenges facing DRC since independence. (10 mks)
       • Tribalism (82 tribes)
       • Ideological differences between Lumumba and Kasavumba
       • Secession threats Katanga and Kasai regions
       • Lumumba’s assassination led to insecurity
       • Mobutu introduced dictatorship in 1965
       • Army mutiny in 1965 5X2
23.      
    1. State three methods used by nationalists in Ghana in the struggle for independence. (3 mks)
       • Protests and boycotts
       • Political movements
       • Use of delegations to London
       • Riots
       • Mass media
       • Civil disobedience
       • Political rallies. 3X1
    2. Explain six factors that favoured the FRELIMO in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (12 mks)
       • FRELIMO attacked the Portuguese from all angles at random
       • Many Africans joined and trained to fight in the struggle
       • Countries were ideal for guerilla tactics
       • FRELIMO were familiar with the terrain unlike the Portuguese
       • FRELIMO cultivated their own food
       • FRELIMO got support from communist states e.g. Russia and china
       • O.A.U liberation committee HQs in Dar es Salaam hosted FRELIMO guerilla fighters
       • Women composed songs and sang them to praise / inspire the FRELIMO fighters 6x2
24.      
    1. State three ways of becoming a member of parliament in Britain. (3 mks)
       • Election
       • Nomination
       • Inheritance
       • Appointment 3x1
    2. Explain six functions of legislature in India . (12 mks)
       • Making law
       • Amending the constitution
       • Declare war / negotiate for peace
       • Approve national expenditure
       • Approve implementation of development projects
       • Terminate judges, auditor general, election chiefs terms 6x2