Instructions to Candidates
- This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
- Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all Questions in this section.
- State two ways in which the study of History and Government promotes a sense of patriotism in the Kenyan learner (2mks)
- State one pre-historic site where the remains of Kenyapithecus were discovered in Kenya (1mk)
- Give the main reason why the rulers of Malindi welcomed the Portuguese in the 16th century (1mk)
- Identify one community in Kenya which had centralized system of government during the pre-colonial period (1mk)
- Identify two features of independence constitution (2mks)
- State two ways in which the nyumba kumi initiative can promote law and order in the villages (2mks)
- State one way in which Kenyan constitution promotes national unity (1mk)
- State two reasons why Human Rights should be monitored and upheld (2mks)
- Name the treaty which marked the colonial spheres of influence in East Africa in 1886 (1mk)
- Identify one method used by the British to acquire the Kenyan colony. (1mk)
- Identify one social cause of disunity in Kenya today (1mk)
- Identify two roles of welfare organizations in Kenya during the colonial period (2mks)
- State two demands made by the AEMO in 1957 (2mks)
- What is meant by collective responsibility of the cabinet (1mk)
- Identify two sources of origin of Nyayoism (2mks)
- What constitutional amendment made Kenya return to a multiparty state? (1mk)
- Identify two types of land ownership in Kenya (2mks)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer three questions in this section
-
- Mention five economic activities of the Maasai. (5mks)
- Explain five effects of Bantu migration and settlement in Kenya (10mks)
-
- State five reasons for the Portuguese success in the conquest of the Kenyan coast (5mks)
- Explain five social effects of the Indian ocean trade on the peoples of Kenyan coast up to 1500AD (10mks)
-
- State five duties of the British governor in Kenya during the colonial period (5mks)
- Discuss five reasons why British colonized Kenya (10mks)
-
- Identify five factors that led to the development of multi-party democracy in Kenya in 1990s (5mk)
- Explain five ways in which the existence of many political parties has promoted democracy in Kenya (10mks)
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer two questions in this section
-
- Give three symbols of national unity in Kenya (3mks)
- Explain six reasons why it is important to respect human rights (12mks)
-
- Give three reasons why General elections are important in Kenya (3mks)
- Explain six functions of the body in charge of elections in Kenya (12mks)
-
- Mention the first three stages in the preparation of national budget (3mks)
- Explain six reasons why the government prepare the national budget (12mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (25 MARKS)
- State two ways in which the study of History and Government promotes a sense of patriotism in the Kenyan learner (2mks)
- It enables one to acquire a positive attitude towards their country.
- It enables one to be a responsible citizen
- It enables one to become loyal to his/her country
- It helps one to develop positive values
- It enables one to acquire a positive attitude towards their country.
- State one pre-historic site where the remains of kenyapithecus were discovered in Kenya (1mk)
- FortTernan
- Lake Turkana Basin
- The Samburu Hills
- Around Lake Baringo
- Give the main reason why the rulers of malindi welcomed the Portuguese in the 16th century (1mk)
- They wanted military support against Mombasa
- Identify one community in Kenya which had centralized system of government during the pre-colonial period (1mk)
- Abawanga/wanga of the abaluhya.
- Identify two features of independence constitution (2mks)
- Legislature
- Judiciary
- Bill of rights
- Majimboism
- Executive
- Legislature
- State two ways in which the nyumba kumi initiative can promote law and order in the villages (2mks)
- Settling disputes
- Educating / Sensitising people on the importance of obeying laws
- Reporting criminals to relevant Authorities
- State one way in which Kenyan constitution promotes national unity (1mk)
- Guarantees equal opportunity to all kenyans
- Protect each individual against discrimination
- Provides a Government of nationality to all.
- Guarantees equal opportunity to all kenyans
- State two reasons why Human Rights should be monitored and upheld (2mks)
- To ensure they are not violated but respected
- To ensure peaceful co-existence among people of different communities in Kenya
- To create bases for development of actions
- To ensure they are not violated but respected
- Name the treaty which marked the colonial spheres of influence in East Africa in 1886 (1mk)
- Anglo-German Agreement
- Identify one method used by the British to acquire the Kenyan colony. (1mk)
- use of missionaries
- Military method
- Signing of treaties
- Identify one social cause of disunity in kenya today (1mk)
- Religious conflicts/creed
- Tribalism/Racism
- Nepotism
- Ignorance; some people do not understand the need of unity.
- Religious conflicts/creed
- Identify two roles of welfare organizations in Kenya during the colonial period (2mks)
- They aroused political awareness among the people.
- They organized social activities eg . sports and games ,burials etc.
- They sponsored students to study abroad/ provided education.
- They aroused political awareness among the people.
- State two demands made by the AEMO in 1957 (2mks)
- They demanded for more elected members of the legislative council (Legco)
- They demanded universal suffrage/Franchise
- They demanded for an end to the state of emergency
- They demanded that Kenyan highlands to be open to all races.
- They demanded for more elected members of the legislative council (Legco)
- What is meant by collective responsibility of the cabinet (1 mk)
- It means that cabinet secretaries should work as a team and should not show their disagreements in public.
- Identify two sources of origin of Nyayoism (2mks)
- Bibilical teachings on Ten Commandments---love.
- African socialism where people are mindful of others welfare.
- Moi’s long experience in politics
- Bibilical teachings on Ten Commandments---love.
- What constitutional amendment made kenya return to a multiparty state ? (1mk)
- Repeal of section 2A of the constitution in 1991.
- Identify two types of land ownership in kenya (2mks)
- Public land
- community Land
- private land
- Public land
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
-
- Mention five economic activities of the Maasai. (5mks)
- Trading with their Neighbours .E.g Abagusii.
- Pastoralism
- Agriculture .E.g Kwavi group of Maasai
- Gathering of roots, Vegetables and fruits
- Craftsmanship especially iron working
- Raiding from neighbours in order to acquire more herds.
- Trading with their Neighbours .E.g Abagusii.
- Explain five effects of Bantu migration and settlement in Kenya (10mks)
- They assimilated communities such as the Ogiek
- They intermarried with others. e.g. the luo and Abaluyia
- They displaced the communities they came across .eg. the sirikwa who lived in the Rift Valley.
- Trade intensified as they traded with other communities
- Population increased as people intermarried
- Conflict /wars intensified as the new arrivals competed for resources with other communities.
- Communities borrowed cultural beliefs and other ideas from each other. E.g taboo of fish eating from the cushites.
- They assimilated communities such as the Ogiek
- Mention five economic activities of the Maasai. (5mks)
-
- State five reasons for the Portuguese success in the conquest of the Kenyan coast (5mks)
- They had superior weapons
- They had better /strong naval power
- The coastal towns were not united
- They got reinforcement from Goa in India
- Some towns did not offer resistance to the Portuguese invasion
- They waged surprise attacks
- They had well trained soldiers
- They had superior weapons
- Explain five social effects of the Indian ocean trade on the peoples of Kenyan coast upto 1500AD (10mks)
- It led to intermarriage between the coastal people and the Arabs giving rise to Swahili people.
- Africans were converted to Islam by Muslim traders
- Islamic culture was adopted by the coastal people through interaction with Arabs
- It led to new Architectural design along the coast
- It led to the introduction of sharia/Islamic laws along the coast –which defined the people’s way of life.
- It fuelled conflict between the communities as demand for slaves increased leading to insecurity
- It led to emergence of Kiswahili as a new language of communication as the local interacted with the foreigners.
- It led to intermarriage between the coastal people and the Arabs giving rise to Swahili people.
- State five reasons for the Portuguese success in the conquest of the Kenyan coast (5mks)
-
- State five duties of the British governor in Kenya during the colonial period (5mks)
- Represented the British government /Answerable to the British government
- Overall in charge of the colony
- Judged/settled some cases within the colony
- Supervised the provincial administration
- Gave assent to bills before they became law
- Appointing administrators/loyal Africans as chiefs through the district officers.
- Represented the British government /Answerable to the British government
- Give five reasons why British colonized Kenya (10mks)
- To establish their control over the source of River Nile because of their interests in Egypt.
- To help stop slave trade in the region and replace it with legitimate trade
- To protect their missionaries who were already in Kenya so that could carry out their missionary work/Spread of Western civilization
- To establish a reliable market for their manufactured goods in Britain
- For prestige
- To ensure settlements for surplus population
- To ensure surplus /excess capital
- To secure sources of raw materials
- To prevent colonization of Kenya by other powers/to have monopoly of resources and power.
- To establish their control over the source of River Nile because of their interests in Egypt.
- State five duties of the British governor in Kenya during the colonial period (5mks)
-
- Identify five factors that led to the development of multi-party democracy in Kenya in 1990s (5mk)
- International pressure on the government for democracy reforms
- Pressure from individuals who had been expelled from KANU without political alternatives.
- Existence of people who were ready to push democratic agenda ahead
- Introduction of multiparty democracy in other African countries
- Discontent within KANU
- Rigging in the 1988 mlolongo system.
- Fall of one party system in other African countries. E.g Kenneth Kaunda in Zambia.
- International pressure on the government for democracy reforms
- Explain five ways in which the existence of many political parties have promoted democracy in Kenya (10mks)
- It has promoted freedom of association by providing alternative parties for people
- It has provided people with a forum to express their views about how a country should be managed.
- It has made the government more accountable to the people through constant criticism.
- It has provided checks and balances to abuse and misuse of powers by leaders.
- It has provided system of scrutinizing government expenditure through public Accounts Committee and Public Investment Committee.
- It had made people feel free to contribute ideas to any aspect of development in the country without feeling intimidated
- It has enabled people who wish to form political parties to go ahead and do so.
- It has promoted freedom of association by providing alternative parties for people
- Identify five factors that led to the development of multi-party democracy in Kenya in 1990s (5mk)
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
-
- Give three symbols of national unity in Kenya (3mks)
- The national anthem
- The coat of Arms
- The Kenyan flag/National flag
- public seal
- Presidency
- Parliament
- Constitution
- The national anthem
- Explain six reasons why it is important to respect human rights (12mks)
- It promotes human dignity as the rights of the people are observed
- It promotes unity among the people by encouraging harmonious co-existence
- It promotes the rule of law by enhancing justice/good governance in society
- It promotes respect for other people’s culture by appreciating cultural diversity
- It promotes tolerance by accommodating other people’s views/ideas
- it promotes democracy as other people ‘s opinions /views are respected
- It promotes international relations by observing conventions /treaties on human rights.
- It promotes development by creating an enabling /conducive environment
- it Justified special treatment of minority /disadvantage group/community.
- A provision of guidance to state organs retaining the exercise of state power.
- It promotes human dignity as the rights of the people are observed
- Give three symbols of national unity in Kenya (3mks)
-
- Give three reasons why General elections are important in Kenya (3mks)
- They provide Kenyans with an opportunity to choose political leaders
- They enable Kenyans to exercise their democratic rights
- They offer alternative ideas of running the government through different political parties manifestos
- It is a constitutional requirement
- They make elected leaders /prospective leaders work hard to ensure that they are re-elected/elected.
- They provide Kenyans with an opportunity to choose political leaders
- Explain six functions of the body in charge of elections in Kenya (12mks)
- To maintain and revise the voter’s register to ensure it is upto date.
- To prepare ,distribute and ensure safety of election materials
- To conduct voter education in the country in order to prepare citizen for the voting exercise.
- To conduct and supervise elections so as to ensure they are free and fair.
- To conduct language proficiency tests for candidates interested in vying for different posts before nomination is carried out.
- To announce and provide a time-table to be followed during the election period .
- To receive nomination papers from the candidates cleared to vie by the political parties.
- To announce the results and declare the winners for the respective seat
- To maintain and revise the voter’s register to ensure it is upto date.
- Give three reasons why General elections are important in Kenya (3mks)
-
- Mention the first three stages in the preparation of national budget (3mks)
- Each government ministry prepares its estimates.
- The ministries estimates are forwarded to the treasury .
- The ministry of finance compiles the estimates into a single budget/proposed budget.
- Explain six reasons why the government prepare the national budget (12mks)
- It enables the government to identify sources of revenue that will be required to meet its financial obligations.
- It enables the government to explain to the public the tax structure /set the tax levels.
- It ensures that there is a balance in the country’s revenue and expenditure hence avoiding budget deficit.
- The government is able to identify /prioritize the development projects to finance in the coming year.
- The government is able to identify ways of spending without any wastage.
- Parliament is able to monitor public resource utilization through its watchdog committees.
- The government is able to set aside some funds to be used in case of emergencies in the course of the financial year.
- The government is able to assess its performance in the previous year and improve where necessary.
- Mention the first three stages in the preparation of national budget (3mks)
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