History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Pavement Mock Exams 2021/2022

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer ALL the questions in section A, three questions from Section B and two questions from section C.

SECTION A -25 MARKS

1. Give two unwritten sources of information on History and Government. (2 marks)
2. What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantu from Shugwaya during Pre-colonial period.
   (1 mark)
3. State one political functions of the council of elders among the Agikuyu in the 19th Century.  (1mark)
4. State two reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar.(2marks)
5. Identify the two main items of trade from the interior during the long distance trade.(2marks)
6. Give two reasons that can make a registerd person to lose citizenship in Kenya.
7. State two function of the African welfare organizations in urban during the colonial period (2marks) 
8. Two practices that may interfere with national unity in Kenya. (2marks)
9. Give one factor that led to the growth of Nairobi as a modern urban centre. (1mark)
10. Give any characteristic of a good constitution. (1mark) 
11. Identify two types of democracy (2marks
12. State one contributions of parastals to the economic development of Kenya .(1mark)
13. Who is the head of the national police services. (1mark)
14. Give the main reason why poll tax was introduced in Kenya during the colonial period.    (1mark)
15. Give one way through which white settlers acquired land during the colonial period.   (1marks)
16. Identify two types of land holdings in Kenya (2marks)
17. State one way in which the rule of law is upheld in Kenya. (1mark)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions

18.  
    1. Give five reasons for the migration of the Mijikenda from Shungwaya during the pre-colonial  period. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five social effects of the migration and settlement of the Mijikenda in their present homeland.
       (10 marks)
19.  
    1. State five characteristics of early Coastal city states. (5marks)
    2. Explain five factors that led to the decline of the Portuguese rule along the Kenyan Coast. (10marks)
20.  
    1. Give 3 reasons why African were put in reserves during the colonial period (3marks)
    2. Explain six problems faced by African workers for the European settlement during the colonial period. (12marks)
21.  
    1. State five griencies that the Asians presented to the Duke of Devonshire in 1923. (5mark)
    2. Explain five effects of the Devonshire white paper of 1923. (10marks)

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any Two questions in this section

22.  
    1. What five situations can make registered voter to be denied the right to vote in Kenya?   (5marks)
    2. Explain the rights to an accused person during trial in a court of Law in Kenya. (10marks)
23.  
    1. Identify five categories of persons whose personal liberty is limited. (5marks)
    2. Explain five civil responsibilities of the Kenyan citizen. (10marks)
24.  
    1. Outline three occasions when the president attends parliament. (3marks)
    2. Explain how parliamentary supremacy is practiced in Kenya. (12marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A -25 MARKS

1. Give two unwritten sources of information on History and Government. (2 marks)
   
   • Oral traditions/oral source
     
   • Archaeology/paleontology
     
   • Genetics
     
   • Linguistics
     
   • Anthropology Any 2x1 = 2 marks
2. What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantu from Shugwaya during Pre-colonial period.
   (1 mark)
   
   • Due to attacks by the Galla 1x1=1 mark
3. State one political functions of the council of elders among the Agikuyu in the 19thC. (1mark)
   
   • Maintaining law and order
     
   • Settling disputes
     
   • Declaring war
4. State two reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar. (2marks)
   
   • It had a cool climate compared to muscat which was hot and dry
     
   • To control the East African coast effectively
     
   • Zanzibar was defensible as an Island
     
   • Good soil for growth of cloves
5. Identify the two main items of trade from the interior during the long distance trade. (2marks)
   
   • Ivory
     
   • Gold
     
   • Slaves
6. Give two reasons that can make a registerd person to lose citizenship in Kenya. (2marks)
   
   • If acquired through fraud
     
   • If during war in which Kenya is engaged one has traded secrets to the enemy
7. State two function of the African welfare organizations in urban centres during the colonial period (2marks)
   
   • Assisting new arrivals to settle down in towns
     
   • Offset medical bills of member
     
   • Payment of school fees for members children
     
   • Pay for funeral expenses
     
   • Organize social gatherings e.g. sports
     
   • Pay rents for jobless members
8. Two practices that may interfere with national unity in Kenya. (2marks)
   • Greed
   • Tribalism
   • Nepotism
   • Racism
9. Give one factor that led to the growth of Nairobi as a modern urban centre. (1mark)
   • Location near Nairobi river
   • Cool temperatures
   • Trading activities
   • Was almost in the middle of Mombasa and lake victoria
10. Give any characteristic of a good constitution. (1mark)
    • Protect fundamental rights and freedoms
    • Durable and elastic
    • Comprehensive
    • Definite
11. Two types of democracy (2marks)
    • Direct
    • Indirect
    • Constitutional
12. State one contribution of parastals to the economic development of Kenya. (1mark)
    • Provide employment opportunities.
13. Who is the head of the national police services? (1mark)
    • Inspector general
14. Give the main reason why poll tax was introduced in Kenya during the colonial period. (1mark)
    • To force Africans to provide labour
15. Give one way through which white settlers acquired land during the colonial period. (1mark)
    • Force
    • Legislation
16. Identify two types of land holdings in Kenya (2marks)
    • Public land occupied by state e.g first land, oil field land
    • Private land owned by a person either as free hold or lease hold
    • Community land belongs to community e.g shrines grazing land, first for hunters community
17. State one way in which the rule of law is upheld in Kenya. (1mark)
    • Guaranteeing the independence of the judiciary

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions

18.  
    1. Give five reasons for the migration of the Mijikenda from Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period.
       (5 marks)
       
       • Due to attacks by the Oromo/Cushitic speakers.
         
       • Due to increased population.
         
       • Due to internal conflicts/family/clan feuds.
         
       • In search for land for cultivation.
         
       • Due to drought/famine.
         
       • Due to outbreak of diseases/epidemics.
         
       • Due to love for adventure. 5 x 1 = 5 marks
    2. Explain five social effects of the migration and settlement of the Mijikenda in their present homeland.
       (10 marks)
       
       • They intermarried with other groups thereby strengthening relationships.
         
       • There was cultural exchange due to their interaction with other people/assimilation/absorption.
         
       • There was an increase in population in the areas where they settled.
         
       • There were inter-community conflicts/wars in the areas they settled.
         
       • It caused redistribution of people in the areas they settled leading to furthermigration/displacement.
         
       • Some were converted to Islam due to their interaction with Arabs.
         
       • It led to the establishment of Kaya/villages which were fortified in order to protect themselves against external attacks. 5 x 2 = 10 marks
19.  
    1. State five characteristics of early Coastal city states. (5marks)
       
       • Kiswahili was the main language
         
       • Islam was the main religion
         
       • Trade was the main economic activity
         
       • They were ruled by Imams
         
       • Houses were constructed using Arabic architectural design
         
       • They were independent
    2. Explain five factors that led to the decline of the Portuguese rule along the Kenyan Coast. (10marks)
       
       • The officials were ruthless to Africans and therefore didn’t cooperate.
         
       • There was constant rebellion from the coastal community against Portuguese.
         
       • The combine attacks from the Persians and Arabs proved formidable
         
       • Inadequate funds to pay administrators
         
       • lacked administrative skills
         
       • Portuguese had inadequate personnel to effectively manage the coast
         
       • They were attacked by the Zimba warriors from Zimbabwe
         
       • The long distance between Goa in India and Portugal delayed reinforcement.
         
       • The movement received moral and material support from Independent African countries. 5x 2= 10 mk.
20.  
    1. Give 3 reasons why African were put in reserves during the colonial period
       
       • To create a pool of African labour for settler farming/Europeans
         
       • To avail land/create space for white settlement
         
       • To restrict the movement of Africans
         
       • For easy control/monitoring of African activities
         
       • For easy control of African nationalism (3x1 = 3marks)
    2. Explain six problems faced by African workers for the European settlement during the colonial period.
       (6marks)
       
       • They were paid low wages which could hardly meet their expenses thereby making them lead squatter
         /impoverished lives
         
       • The living conditions were poor as they were crowded in residential houses with inadequate sanitation
         
       • The working conditions were very difficult as they were sometimes mistreated/whipped
         
       • They were subjected to long working hours without compensation which made them develop negative
         attitude towards work
         
       • They were forced to pay taxes despite their poor remuneration/low wages
         
       • There were inadequate amenities/schools/health facilities to cope with the large number of workers
         
       • They were despised on the basis of their colour/race and this lowered their dignity
         
       • They were not allowed to form workers’ union as the settlers feared that they would incite/organize
         strikes against them
         
       • They were provided with inadequate food rations which led to malnutrition (6x2 = 12 marks)
21.  
    1. State five griencies that the Asians presented to the Duke of Devonshire in 1923. (5marks)
       
       • Wanted part of white highlands
         
       • Ban on Asian immigration lifted.
         
       • Equal rights and opportunities with Europeans
         
       • Increased representation in the LEGCO
         
       • To be allowed to use European markets in Nairobi
    2. Explain five effects of the Devonshire white paper of 1923. (10marks)
       
       • Indians were denied settlement in the highlands
         
       • Africans were represented in the LEGCO
         
       • Africans were recognized as the origin natives
         
       • Rivalry between Asians and Europeans increased.
         
       • Content angered both Europeans and Asians
         
       • It saved Africans from harsh treatment.
         
       • It failed to resolve African labour and land issues.

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any Two questions in this section

22.  
    1. What five situations can make registered voter to be denied the right to vote in Kenya?
       
       • When one is in custody
         
       • When one is insane/ unsound mind
         
       • When one presents oneself in a constituency where one is not registered
         
       • When one is discovered to have registered twice
         
       • When one does not have a national identification Card on the voting day/ one has a defective National Identification Card
         
       • When ones name does not appear in the voters register
         
       • When one is time barred/ late (Any 5 x 1 = 5 mk)
    2. Explain the rights to an accused person during trial in a court of Law in Kenya\
       
       • The accused person is presumed innocent until proven guilty
         
       • He/ She should be informed of the charge with sufficient detail so as to prepare a defence.
         
       • One should be given adequate time to consult with the advocate/ witness
         
       • One should be present when court proceedings are taking place
         
       • One should be given a chance to plead for leniency
         
       • One should not be forced to give evidence
         
       • One should be allowed to be heard
         
       • One should be allowed to appeal against the ruling
         
       • Right to legal representation (Any 5 x 2 = 10 mk)
23.  
    1. Identify five categories of persons whose personal liberty is limited. (5marks)
       
       • Convicted criminals
         
       • Suspected criminals
         
       • Drug addicts
         
       • Vagrant
         
       • A person with infectious diseases
         
       • A young person under 18 years to secure education.
    2. Explain five civil responsibilities of the Kenyan citizen. (10marks)
       
       • Obedience to the laws
         
       • Payment of taxes
         
       • Duty to protect life
         
       • Participation in community activities
         
       • Should be gender sensitive
         
       • Not non-discrimination
         
       • Conservation of environment
         
       • Promotion of high moral behavior.
24.  
    1. Outline three occasions when the president attends parliament. (3marks)
       
       • During the reading of the budget
         
       • During the official opening of parliament
         
       • When giving the state of the nation address in parliament.
         
       • During special sittings
    2. Explain how parliamentary supremacy is practiced in Kenya. (12marks)
       
       • It is the only law making body
         
       • Can impeach the president
       • Approves government revenue and expenditure
         
       • Approves presidential appointments
         
       • Approves declaration of war.
         
       • Have parliamentary immunity.
         
       • Only body that amends the constitution
         
       • Cabinet secretaries are answerable to parliament.