Chemistry Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Mokasa II Mock Examination 2021/2022

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CHEMISTRY
Paper 2

Instructions to candidates

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
Scientific calculators may be used.

Questions

1. 1. The grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study the information in it and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
    1. Select an element that can form an ion with a charge of -2. Given a reason for your answer. (1 mark)
    2. What type of structure would the oxide of G have? (1 mark)
    3. How does the reactivity of H and E compare? Give a reason for your answer. (1 mark)
  2. 1.3g of B reacts completely when heated. 1.2 litres of chlorine gas at s.t.p (1 mole of any gas at s.t.p occupies 22.4 litres at s.t.p)
    1. Write an equation for the reaction between B and chlorine. (1 mark)
    2. Determine the relative atomic mass of B. (2 marks)
  3. Explain how you would expect the following to compare.
    1. Atomic radius of F and B (1 mark)
    2. The pH value of the aqueous solution of the oxide of B and D. (2 marks)
2. Study the information below and answer the questions (the letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements).
  
  Elements Electronic
  Configuration LE(kj/mol)
  
  J 2.1 519
  
  K 2.8.1 494
  
  L 2.8.8.1 418
  1. What is ionization energy? (1 mark)
  2. Explain why element L has the lowest ionization energy. (1 mark)
  3. Write an equation for the reaction between K and water. (1 mark)
  4. Using dots (⚫) and crosses (×) show bonding in the compound between J and chlorine. (1 mark)
1. Explain how one could distinguish between ethane and ethene gases using bromine water. (2 marks)
2. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
  1. Identify substances B and F by giving their names. (2 marks)
  2. Write an equation to show how substance W and water are formed. (1 mark)
  3. Give the general formula of the polymer V. (1 mark)
  4. Name the process I and II.(2 marks)
  5. Give the conditions required for the process named above to occur.(2 marks)
The diagram below shows the extraction of sodium metal using the Down’s cell. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
1. Explain why in this process sodium chloride is mixed with calcium chloride. (2 marks)
2. Why is the anode made of graphite and not iron? (1 mark)
3. State two properties of sodium metal that make it possible for it to be collected as shown in the diagram. (2 marks)
4. What is the function of the steel gauze cylinder? (1 mark)
5. Write ionic equations for the reactions which take place at;
  1. Cathode (1 mark)
  2. Anode (1 mark)
6. Give one industrial use of sodium metal. (1 mark)
7. Why is sodium metal stored under kerosene? (1 mark)
1. In an experiment, hydrogen chloride gas was prepared and reacted with aluminium turnings to form a solid P and gas L as shown in the diagram.
  1. Name:
    Solid P - (1 mark)
    Gas L - (1 mark)
    Liquid Q - (1 mark)
  2. Give the name of another substance that could serve the same purpose as the concentrated sulphuric acid. (1 mark)
  3. Write a chemical equation that will occur in the reaction flask X.(1 mark)
2. Explain the following observations:-
  1. When blue litmus paper was dipped into the water in the beaker at the end of the experiment it turned red. (1 mark)
  2. Solid P collects away from the heated aluminium. (1 mark)
3. 1. Write an equation for the reaction that takes place between ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas. (1 mark)
4. Calculate the mass of the product that would be formed when 4000 cm³ of hydrogen chloride gas reacts completely with excess ammonia gas.
  (H = 1, N = 14, Cl = 35.5, Molar gas volume at r.t.p = 24 litres) (3 marks)
1. Distinguish between exothermic and endothermic reaction.
  Exothermic (1 mark)
  Endothermic (1 mark)
2. Changes of state are either exothermic or endothermic. Name a change of state that is;
  1. exothermic (1 mark)
  2. endothermic (1 mark)
3. When pure water is heated at 1 atmospheric pressure at sea level, the temperature of the water does not rise beyond 1000C even with continued heating. Explain this observation. (2 marks)
4. Study the energy level diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
  1. Give the names of the energy changes represented by ∆H₁ ∆H₄ ∆H₅ ∆H₆
    ∆H₁ (1 mark)
    ∆H₄ (1 mark)
    ∆H₅ (1 mark)
    ∆H₆ (1 mark)
  2. When is ∆H₅ endothermic? (1 mark)
  3. Show the relationship between ∆H₁ ∆H₂ ∆H₃ ∆H₄ ∆H₅ and ∆H₆. (1 mark)
1. What is the electronic arrangement of nitrogen in NO3- ? (1 mark)
2. Study the standard electrode potentials below and answer the questions that follow. (The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
  A⁺_(aq)+ e^- → A_(s) E^θ=-2.92V
  B⁺_(aq) + e^- → B_(s) E^θ+0.52V
  C⁺_(aq) + e^- → ½C_2(g) E^θ=0.00V
  ½D_2(g) + e^- → D^-_(aq) E^θ=+1.36V
  E²⁺_(aq) + 2e^- → E_(s) E^θ=-0.44V
  1. With reasons, identify the;
    1. Strongest reducing agent. (1 mark)
    2. the reference electrode. (1 mark)
  2. Write the overall equation for the reaction that will be obtained when half cells of B and E are connected. (1 mark)
  3. Explain whether the reaction represented below can take place. (2 marks)
    2A⁺_(aq) + E_(s) → 2A_(s)+ E²⁺_(aq)
  4. Draw the cell diagram obtained when the half cells in (ii) are combined. (2 marks)
3. In an experiment to electroplate a copper spoon with silver, a current of 0.5A was passed for 18 minutes.
  1. Sketch a diagram to show how the experiment was carried out. (2 marks)
  2. Calculate the amount of silver deposited on the spoon.
    (IF = 96500C, Ag = 108) (2 marks)
The flow chart below shows the stages involved in manufacture of sulphuric (VI) acid by the contact process. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
1. Apart from Sulphur, identify other substance that can be used as solid P. (1 mark)
2. What is the function of the purifier? (1 mark)
3. Give two functions of the heat exchanger. (1 mark)
4. State the optimum conditions for the reaction to take place at the catalytic chamber. (1 mark)
5. Name;
  1. gas R. ……………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
  2. substance Q ………………………………………………………………………. (1 mark)
6. Write equations for reactions taking place at the:-
  1. Catalytic chamber (1 mark)
  2. Absorption Tower (1 mark)
7. Explain why Gas R cannot be dissolved in water to form sulphuric (VI) acid. (1 mark)
8. Exhaust gases this process are passed through chimneys lined with calcium hydroxide to avoid pollution.
  1. Name this process (1 mark)
  2. Write the equation for the reaction taking place. (1 mark)
9. State the observation made when concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid is poured into a beaker containing sugar crystals. Name the property of conc. sulphuric acid. (1 mark)

Marking Scheme

1. 1. 1. A- Reactsby gaining 2 electrons
    2. Giant ionic structure
    3. E is more reactive than H/H is less reactive than E. E can easily gain electron/ E has higher electron affinity than H/ E is more electronegative than H
  2. 1. B_(s) + Cl_2(g)→ BCl_2(s) || Mg_(s) + Cl_2(g) → MgCl_2(s)
    2. 22.4l → 1 mole
      1.2L →
      1.2 x 1 = 0.05357 moles
      22.4
      mole ratio 1:1
      moles of B → 0.05357
      1.3g → 0.05357
      ? → 1 mol
      1.3 x 1 = 24.267
      0.05357
      ans → 24.2673
  3. 1. E has larger atomic than B | B has a smaller atomic radius than F. B has more protons than F thus higher nuclear force of attractions.
    2. B solution has pH above 7 while D solution has pH below 7
2. 1. Energy required/ gained when an atom gains an election in the outermost energy level in gaseous state.
  2. Has the largest atomic radius
  3. 2K_(g) + 2H₂O_(l) → 2KOH_(aq) + H_2(g) | 2Na_(s) + 2H₂O_(l) → 2NaOH_(aq) + H_2(g)
1. Bubble the two gases in two different test-tube containing bromine water. With ethene bromine water changes from yellow to colourless while ethane has no effect on bromine water.
2. 1. B Sodium propoxide | CH3CH2CH2ONa
    F 1, 2-dibromopropane | CH3CHBrCH2Br
  2. CH₃CH₂CH₂OH + CH₃CH₂COOH → CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₂CH₃ + H2O
  4. 1. Dehydration
    2. Hydrogenation
  5. 1. Conc. Sulphuric(VI) acid
    2. Nickel catalyst, temp 150 - 250º C
1. To lower the m.p of NaCl from 800º C to 600º C in order to save on cost of production
2. Graphite is inert this does not react with chlorine while iron is reactive and would react with chlorine.
3. Has lower density than the electrolyte
  Has m.p below 600º C
4. Prevent sodium and chlorine from recombining/ reacting
5. 1. Na+ + e- → Na(l)
  2. 2Cl-(l) → Cl2(g) + 2e-
6. - Sodium vapour used in street light to produce yellow glow
  - Molten sodium is used in extraction of titanium
  - Sodium is used in production of sodium cyanide usedd in extraction of gold
7. - Sodium reacts with atmospheric oxygen to farm oxides
  - Highly reactive with water
1. 1. Solid P - Aluminium chloride
    Gas L - Hydrogen
    Liquid Q - Conc. Sulphuric (VI) acid
  2. Anhydrous Calcium Chloride
  3. NaCl_(s) + H₂SO_4(l)→ NaHSO_4(aq) + HCl_(g)
2. 1. Unreacted HCl gas dissolves in the water to form HCl(aq) acid
  2. Aluminium Chloride sublimes on heating
3. 1. NH_3(g) + HCl_(g)→ NH₄Cl_(g)
4. 1 mole → 24,000cm3
  ? → 4,000cm3
  
  4000 x 1 = 0.16667 moles
  24,000
  mole ratio
  HCl: NH4Cl
  1: 1
  moles of NH4Cl → 0.16667
  1 mole → 53.5 g
  0.16667 moles → ?
  53.5 x 0.16667
  1
  8.9168g
1. Exothermic - a reaction that releases/ produces heat to surrounding/ environment
  Endothermic - A treaction that absorbs heat from the environment
2. exothermic - freezing and condensation
  endothermic - melting and boiling
3. The b.p of pure water at 1atm at sea level is 100ºC
4. 1. ∆H₁ - Atomization of sodium
    ∆H₄ - Electron affinity of chlorine
    ∆H₅ - Lattice formation
    ∆H₆ - Formation of NaCl
  2. During dissociation of ionic compounds to gaseous ions
  3. ∆H₆= ∆H₁ + ∆H₂ + ∆H₃ + ∆H₄ + ∆H₅
1. x + -2 x 3 = -1
  x= +6-1
  x=+5
  Ans= 2
2. 1. 1. Strongest reducing agent
      A(s) can easily loose electrons/ most electropositive/ most negative
    2. The reference electrode
      C2. Has E^θ of 0.00V
  2. E_(s) + 2B⁺_(aq) → 2B_(s) + E2⁺_(aq), E^θ= +0.96V
    (must be balanced)
  3. Reaction cannot take place. A is more reactive than E thus E cannot displace A from its solution
    or
    -2.96 + 0.44 = -2.52
    Cannot take place. Has negative E^θvalue
  4. E_(s)/ E2⁺_(aq) // 2B⁺_(aq)/2B_(s) , E^θ= +0.96V
3. 2. Q= 0.5 x 18 x 60
    540C
    96500C → 100g
    540C → ?
    100 x 540
    96500
    =0.6044g
1. Zinc blende/ZnS, Galena/PbS, Copper pyrite/CuFeS₂
2. To remove impurities which may poison the catalyst
3. To raise the temperature of the reacting gases(SO₂ + O₂)
  To lower the temperature of SO₃
4. Catalyst vanadium(v) oxide, pressure 2-3 atm temperature 450ºC
5. 1. Gas R- Sulphuric (VI) oxide
    Substance Q - Conc Sulphuric(VI) acid
6. 1. 2SO_2(g) + O_2(g) → 2SO_3(g)
  2. H₂SO_4(l) + SO_3(g) → H₂S₂O_7(l)
7. Reaction is highly exothermic thus the acid formed boils to form multidroplet of Sulphuric (VI) acid
8. 1. Scrubbing
  2. Ca(OH)_2(s) + SO_2(g) → CaSO_3(s) + H₂O_(l)
9. Black solid is formed/ Sugar turns from brown to black
  Dehydrating