History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Maranda Mocks 2022 Exams

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
Paper 1

Instructions to candidates

This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.

Questions

SECTION A (25 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided at the end of question 24.

Give two reasons for studying government. (2 marks)
Identify one limitation of using oral traditions as a source of information in history and government. (1 mark)
Name one remnant of the early inhabitants of Kenya. (1 mark)
State two religious’ duties of Orkoiyot in the 19th century. (2 marks)
Highlight two social effects of the Indian Ocean Trade. (2 marks)
Give one economic factor that promotes national unity in Kenya. (1 mark)
Identify the last two steps in the constitution making process. (2 marks)
State two rights of the youth in Kenya provided in the constitution of Kenya 2010. (2 marks)
Name the treaty that concluded the partition of East Africa. (1 mark)
What was the main contribution of Professor Wangari Maathai to national development? (1 mark)
Identify two ways through which the colonial government controlled the movement of Africans to the urban centers. (2 marks)
State the main result of the Lyttleton Constitutional Amendment of 1954. (1 mark)
What is the main role of the Senate in Kenya? (1 mark)
Name one national philosophy used as a development strategy in Kenya. (1 mark)
Identify two historical events that took place in Kenya in 1969. (2 marks)
State the composition of the County Assembly in Kenya. (1 mark)
Identify two types of public revenue expenditure by national government. (2 marks)

SECTION B (45 Marks)
Answer any three questions from this section in the space provided at the end of question 24.

1. Apart from the Somali, identify five other Eastern Cushite communities. (5 marks)
2. Describe the political organization of the Luo during the pre-colonial period. (10 marks)
1. Identify five reasons why Nabongo Mumia collaborated with the British colonial authority. (5 marks)
2. Explain five negative outcomes of British colonial rule on the people of Kenya. (10 marks)
1. Give five grievances of the Kikuyu Central Association that were presented by Jomo Kenyatta to the colonial secretary in 1929. (5 marks)
2. Explain five factors which promoted African nationalism in Kenya between 1945-1963. (10 marks)
1. State five challenges that have contributed to high illiteracy levels in Kenya. (5 marks)
2. Explain five impacts of Harambee Spirit on social development in Kenya. (10 marks)

SECTION C (30 Marks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the space provided at the end of question 24.

1. State three reasons why the constitution of Kenya is important. (3 marks)
2. Explain factors that may undermine the administration of justice in Kenya. (12 marks)
1. Highlight the significance of the rule of law in Kenya. (3 marks)
2. Explain six justifications of parliamentary supremacy in Kenya. (12 marks)
1. Name three members of the county executive committee. (3 marks)
2. Explain six ways in which the County Government gets revenue. (12 marks)

Marking Scheme

Give two reasons for studying government (2 marks)
- Enable citizens know their rights.
- Understand how organs of the government function.
- Have knowledge of duties/responsibilities of citizen.
- Understand how laws are made and enforced.
- Compare systems of governments in the world.
- Career subject.
- Appreciating need for government.
- For intellectual fulfillment. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
Identify one limitation of using oral traditions as a source of information in history and government. (1 mark)
- Its subject to distortion.
- Likely to be exaggerated- biased.
- Not reliable as it changes with time.
- Relies on ability to remember/human memory. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
Name one remnant of the early inhabitants of Kenya. (1 mark)
- Gumba/ Athi.
- Okiek/ Dorobo.
- Onguye.
- Okuro (First 1x1= 1 mark)
State two religious’ duties of Orkoiyot in the 19th century. (2 marks)
- Blessed warriors before going to the war.
- Offered sacrifices to their God. / Presided over religious functions.
- Mediated between God and the people.
- Foretold the future. / Prophesied. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
Highlight two social effects of the Indian ocean trade. (2 marks)
- Intermarriage.
- Rise of Kiswahili language.
- Introduction of new ways of dressing eg Kanzu and buibui.
- Introduction of Islamic religion.
- Introduction of new architectural designs.
- New feeding habits/food. / Islamic mannerisms. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
Give one economic factor that promotes national unity in Kenya. (1 mark)
- Equitable distribution of revenue.
- Commercial interactions/trade.
- Use of common currency.
- Equal employment opportunities. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
Identify the last two steps in the constitution making process. (2 marks)
- Debate over contentious issues.
- Collection of public views. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
State two rights of the youth in Kenya provided in the constitution of Kenya 2010. (2 marks)
- Access to relevant education and training.
- Have opportunities to associate/be represented.
- Participate in all spheres of life.
- Access employment.
- Protection from harmful cultural practices and exploitation. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
Name the treaty that concluded the partition of East Africa. (1 mark)
- The Helogoland treaty 1890. (1x1= 1 mark)
What was the main contribution of Professor Wangari Maathai to national development? (1 mark)
- Environmental conservation/tree planting. (1x1= 1 mark)
Identify two ways through which the colonial government controlled the movement of Africans to the urban centers. (2 marks)
- Introduction of kipande system.
- Enacting pass laws /strict rules to curb rural- urban migration.
- Ensure those who work in urban centers live there.
- Taking head count of those who lived in urban centers. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
State the main result of the Lyttleton Constitutional Amendment of 1954. (1 mark)
- Allowed formation of a multi-racial government. (1x1= 1 mark)
What is the main role of the Senate in Kenya? (1 mark)
- Represent the interests of counties at national level. (1x1= 1 mark)
Name one national philosophy used as a development strategy in Kenya. (1 mark)
- African Socialism.
- Harambee spirit.
- Nyayoism/ Nyayo. (First 1x1= 1 mark1)
Identify two historical events that took place in Kenya in 1969. (2 marks)
- Kenya People’s Union party (K.P.U) was outlawed. / Banning of Kenya People’s Union (K.P.U).
- Assassination of Tom Joseph Mboya by Nahashion Njenga.
- Opening of the Russian hospital in Kisumu marred with chaos. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
State the composition of the County Assembly in Kenya. (1 mark)
- Elected members.
- Nominated members to represent the youth, women and Persons with Disabilities.
- The Speaker. (3x1= 3 marks)
Identify two types of public revenue expenditure by national government. (2 marks)
- Capital expenditure.
- Recurrent expenditure. (2x1= 2 marks)
1. Apart from the Somali, identify five other Eastern Cushite communities (5 marks)
  - Borona.
  - Oromo/ Galla.
  - Gabra.
  - Rendile.
  - Burji (First 5x1= 5 marks)
2. Describe the political organization of the Luo during the pre-colonial period. (10 marks)
  - The family was the lowest political unit headed by the father who was referred to as Jaduong’.
  - Several families with a common ancestry formed a clan.
  - There was a lineage councils called Buch Dhoot who settled domestic issues. A council of elders existed in the clan which was responsible for settling family disputes called Doho.
  - Clans were grouped together to form Oganda Gweng headed by a chief elder called Ruoth.
  - There existed a council of elders Buch Piny comprising of representatives from each clan- they settled interclan disputes.
  - There was a class of warriors (Thuondi headed by a leader called Osumba Mrwayi defended the community.
  - The luo was decentralized community – did not have an overall leader. Religious leaders eg diviners, medicinemen,rainmakers who influenced political decisions. (Any 5x2= 10 marks)
1. Identify five reasons why Mumia Nabongo collaborated with the British colonial Authority. (5 marks)
  - Secure protection against the traditional rivals; Bukusu, Nandi and Luos of Ugenya.
  - Wanted to achieve territorial expansion.
  - Wanted modern firearms for his army.
  - He knew the futility of resisting.
  - Wanted to take advantage of British western civilization: education and religion.
  - Knew the British would declare western Kenya as their sphere of influence.
  - Wanted to consolidate his powers as a paramount chief of the entire western region.
  - He wanted to earn social prestige among his subjects. (First 5x1= 5 marks)
2. Explain five negative outcomes of British colonial rule on the people of Kenya. (10 marks)
  - Led to loss of political independence.
  - Creation of reserves for Africans/ squatters.
  - Colonial rule undermined African cultural practices.
  - Loss of African land to European settler farmer.
  - Introduction of taxation.
  - Introduction of forced labor.
  - Creation of colonial boundaries that split social cohesion among communities.
  - Led to introduction kipande system.
  - Destroyed traditional political systems replacing them with colonial appointees.
  - Introduction of racial segregation. (First 5x2= 10 marks)
1. Give five grievances of the Kikuyu Central Association that were presented by Jomo Kenyatta to the colonial secretary in 1929. (5 marks)
  - Land alienation.
  - Taxation of Africans.
  - Abolition of forced labor.
  - Abolition of Kipande system.
  - Release of Harry Thuku.
  - Lack of quality/ poor education for Africans.
  - Lack of African representation in the Legco. (First 5x1= 5 marks)
2. Explain five factors which promoted African nationalism in Kenya between. 1945-1963. (10 marks)
  - Formation of political parties such as Kenya Africa Union (KANU) and Kenya Africa Democratic Union (KADU) which mobilized people.
  - Ex-service men of the world wars had the experience that led in the struggle. Acquisition of independence in India, Pakstan and Ghana encouraged the Kenyan nationalists.
  - Trade Union movement agitated for independence/ educated workers on their rights. Mau Mau hastened the independence.
  - United Nations Organization (UNO) advocated for granting independence to nations that were still under colonialism.
  - The Labour party in Britain favored decolonization, this encouraged the nationalists. Pan –African conference of 1945 encouraged the nationalists.
  - The signing of the Atlantic Charter in 1941 which advocated for decolonization. Effects of western education- made Africans understand their plight.
  - Urbanization. (First 5x2= 10 marks)
1. - State five challenges that have contributed to high illiteracy levels in Kenya. (5 marks)
  - Misconceptions that education does not determine success.
  - Insecurity in some regions eg Tana River, Baragoi, Kapedo, Laikipia.
  - Negative attitude towards adult education programs leading to low enrollment.
  - High poverty level.
  - Inadequate education facilities making education inaccessible in some areas.
  - Traditional / cultural beliefs/practices.
  - Natural calamities e.g drought, famine, floods. (First 5x1= 5 marks)
2. Explain five impacts of Harambee Spirit on social development in Kenya. (5 mark)
  - Has enabled access to health services both locally and internationally by the needy.
  - Promoted education by providing scholarships to the needy students.
  - Has inculcated the spirit of hard work for self-reliance.
  - Has enhanced construction of social facilities like hospitals, schools, sporting facilities and religious centers.
  - Has enhanced social interaction, promoting national unity.
  - Has enhanced sports by financing training and participation in both local and international competitions. (First 5x2= 10 marks)
1. State three reasons why the constitution of Kenya is important. (3 marks)
  - It defines the structure, functions and power of the branches of government.
  - Clearly states’ rights/ responsibilities of individuals.
  - It spells out responsibilities of those in power and their limits.
  - Ensures equality of all Kenyans.
  - It’s the basis of all legislation in Kenya. (First 3x1= 3 marks)
2. Explain factors that may undermine the administration of justice in Kenya (12 marks)
  - Lack of impartiality during trials leading to unfair judgment.
  - Political intereference.
  - Lack of common law derails the effective administration of justice.
  - Censuring judges publicly on decisions made in court may influence final court decisions.
  - Corrupt practices may lead to unfair court decisions.
  - Remanding of suspects for long denies them justice.
  - Failure to protect the legal rights of the ordinary when in conflict with the powerful.
  - Inability by the police to do thorough investigation.
  - Inability by the ordinary people to meet the cost of prolonged court cases.
  - Lack of knowledge regarding legal procedures leading to self-implication.
  - Legal officers face pressure of work due staffing challenges.
  - Uses of outdated colonial laws that do not address current issues.
  - Inadequate funds from the treasury. (Any 6x2= 12 marks)
  - Push and pull between the executive and the judiciary.
1. Highlight the significance of the rule of law in Kenya. (3 marks)
  - Protects rights of individuals/ groups.
  - Gives direction on what is wrong and right.
  - Creates peace and order in the society.
  - Spells out rules of conduct/ responsibilities among people. (Any 3x1= 3 marks)
2. Explain six justifications of parliamentary supremacy in Kenya. (12 marks)
  - The only body that makes, amends and repeals laws.
  - Can remove a president/ unpopular government through impeachment motion supported by two thirds majority.
  - Through an amendment to the constitution, can limit the powers of the executive.
  - Cabinet secretaries are accountable to parliament on running of ministries.
  - Bills prepared by the cabinet have to be legislated by the parliament.
  - Parliament approves/disapprove government revenue and expenditure. (First 6x2= 12 marks)
1. Name three members of the county executive committee. (3 marks)
  - The County Governor.
  - Deputy County Governor.
  - Members appointed by the governor with the approval of the County Assembly. (3x1= 3 marks)
2. Explain six ways in which the county government gets revenue. (12 marks)
  - Allocation from the annual nationally shared revenue.
  - By borrowing from national and international organizations to finance development projects. / Loans approved by the national government.
  - They levy taxes on the services/ goods generated in the county.
  - Renting property/houses to people in order raise funds for development. Through grants from local and external sources.
  - Charges for the services rendered to residents of the county.
  - Through licenses granted to businesses /services operating in the counties. Imposing of property rates within their territories to enable them raise revenue for their operations.
  - Donations from national government/international government/ Governmental/Non governmental organizations. / Philanthropists. (First 6x2= 12 marks)