History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Maranda Mocks 2021/2022 Exams

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
Paper 2

Instructions to candidates

This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.

Questions

SECTION A (25 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided at the end of question 24.

State two advantages of archaeology as a source of history. (2 marks)
Give the reason why tools made by man in the Late Stone Age were referred to as composite tools. (1 mark)
State two reasons why early people domesticated crops and animals. (2 marks)
Give two roles played by the Tuareges in the Trans-Saharan trade. (2 marks)
Give two limitations in using animal transport. (2 marks)
Identify one use of water in the industries in Europe during the 18th century. (1 mark)
State one economic effect of urbanization on European communities during the 19th century. (1 mark)
Give two functions of the Lukiiko among the Buganda in the 19th century. (2 marks)
State one way in which chief Lewanika of the Lozi collaborated with the British in the late 19th century. (1 mark)
Differentiate between direct rule and indirect rule as used by the British in the colonial period. (2 marks)
Give two reasons why the National Liberation Movement (N.L.M) was formed in Ghana during the struggle for independence. (2 marks)
In what way did the World War I contribute to the rise of the World War II? (1 mark)
State one way in which Angola was affected by the cold war. (1 mark)
Name one English speaking member country of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). (1 mark)
Name one political antagonist who was involved in the 1960 Congo crisis. (1 mark)
Name two major political parties in India. (2 marks)
State how the Prime Minister of Britain is elected. (1 mark)

SECTION B (45 Marks)
Answer any three questions from this section in the space provided at the end of question 24.

1. State three physical characteristics of Homo habilis. (3 marks)
2. Explain six benefits of settling in villages during the late Stone Age period. (12 marks)
1. Identify five improvements that were made on macadamized roads in the 19th century. (5 marks)
2. What are the advantages of using road transport? (10 marks)
1. Give three functions of the chiefs appointed by the French in West Africa during the colonial rule. (3 marks)
2. Explain five reasons why the use of indirect rule in Southern Nigeria was unsuccessful. (10 marks)
1. Name three financial institutions set up under African Union to provide funding for projects and programmes. (3 marks)
2. Explain six differences between the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the African Union (AU). (12 marks)

SECTION C (30 Marks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the space provided at the end of question 24.

1. Give three importance of Odwira Festival among the Asante Kingdom. (3 marks)
2. Describe the political organization of the Buganda kingdom. (12 marks)
1. State three reasons why the League of Nations was formed. (3 marks)
2. Why did the League of Nations fail to maintain word peace? (12 marks)
1. Give five conditions one must fulfil in order to be elected the president of India. (5 marks)
2. Explain five functions of the function president of India. (10 marks)

Marking Scheme

State two advantages of archaeology as a source of history. (2 marks)
- It gives a sense of time through dating of artefacts. / Gives detailed information.
- Provides pre-history information.
- Provides information of varied nature.
- Supplements other sources.
- Has sense of reality/ artefacts can be seen/ touched.
- Gives accurate information. (First 2x1 = 2 marks)
Give the reason why tools made by man in the Late Stone Age were referred to as composite tools. (1 mark)
- Because they were made by fixing several microliths together in a wooden or bone shaft. / Made of more than one material. (1x1 = 1 mark)
State two reasons why early people domesticated crops and animals. (2 marks) Increased human population.
- Competition for food between man and animals.
- Overhunting depleted stocks.
- Hunting and gathering was tiresome/insecure.
- Natural calamities destroyed vegetation/ animals.
- Climatic changes.
- Developed of settled/sedentary life.
- Development of tools (microliths).
- Availability of indigenous crops e.g wheat, barley. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
Give two roles played by the Tuareges in the Trans-Saharan trade. (2 marks)
- Maintained the oases. / Water points.
- Guided traders.
- Interpreted/translated information. / Languages.
- Provided caravans with food and water.
- They were middlemen.
- Maintained stock records.
- Guarded/ provided security.
- Accommodates traders. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
Give two limitations in using animal transport. (2 marks)
- Carry small loads.
- Are slow and tedious.
- Can be attacked by wild animals.
- Travel over short distances.
- Can be attacked by diseases. / Disease causing insects.
- Only move during the day.
- Some are stubborn when tired. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
Identify one use of water in the industries in Europe during the 18th century. (1 mark)
- To turn water wheels/grinding stones in flour mills.
- To wash/clean machines.
- To cool the machines.
- To turn spinning machines in textile industries.
- To produce steam power for driving machines. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
State one economic effect of urbanization on European communities during the 19th century (1 mark)
- Improvement in transport/communication/roads/railways.
- Expansion of banking facilities.
- Trade expanded.
- Growth of industries. / Mass production of goods.
- Increased employment opportunities.
- Developed insurance system.
- Agriculture expanded. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
Give two functions of the Lukiko among the Buganda in the 19th century. (2 marks)
- Adviced the Kabaka.
- Represented the wishes of the people.
- Assisted in settling disputes/final court of appeal.
- Directed the collection of taxes/ spending of revenue.
- Made laws for the kingdom.
- Assisted Kabaka in general administration of the kingdom. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
State one way in which chief Lewanika of the Lozi collaborated with the British in the late 19th century. (1 mark)
- Allowed Christian missionaries to settle/operate in his territory. / Gave them land for settlement.
- Acceptance of incentives from the British e.g education, western medicine. Allowed the British to exploit minerals in his land. / Traded with the British. Recruitment of his people as part of British army.
- He accepted the British protection over his territory.
- He allowed a British resident to perform administrative duties in the area. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
Differentiate between direct rule and indirect rule as used by the British in the colonial period. (2 marks)
- Direct rule involved replacement of the existing African traditional leaders with the British own appointees whereas indirect rule involved the British using the existing African traditional leaders to administer. (1x2= 2 marks)
Give two reasons why the National Liberation Movement was formed in Ghana during the struggle for independence. (2 marks)
- Nkurumah came from a little-known ethnic community in Southern Ghana.
- National Liberation Movement leaders wanted a federal government while Nkurumah wanted a unitary system.
- Nkurumah’s ideas were radical unlike other leaders who were conservatives. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
In what way did world war I contribute to the rise of World War II? (1 mark)
- It led to the rise of dictators such as Adolf Hitler who later on became the architects of world war II.
- The terms of the Versailles Treaty angered Germans who wanted to reverse the situation. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
State one way in which Angola was affected by the cold war. (1 mark)
- It triggered civil war/ political instability in the country.
- Angola received military/ economic assistance. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
Name one English speaking member country of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). (1 mark)
- Liberia.
- Ghana.
- Gambia.
- Nigeria.
- Sierra Leone. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
Name one political antagonist who was involved in the 1960 Congo crisis. (1 mark)
- Patrice Lumumba.
- Joseph Kasavubu.
- The Belgians. (First 1x1= 1 mark)
Name two major political parties in India. (2 marks)
- The Congress Party.
- The Communist Parties of India.
- Bharatiya Janata. (First 2x1= 2 marks)
State how the Prime Minister of Britain is elected. (1 mark)
- The leader of the party with the majority of seats in the House of Commons/ parliament becomes the Prime Minister. (1x1= 1 mark)
1. State three physical characteristics of Homo habilis. (3 marks)
  - Developed opposable thumb for grasping.
  - Skull was similar in shape to that of modern man.
  - Was about 5 feet tall.
  - Occasionally walked on twos. (First 3x1= 3 marks)
2. Explain six benefits of settling in villages during the late Stone Age period. (12 marks)
  - There was security as people could protect themselves against enemies.
  - Living in large groups enabled people to work together hence accomplishing task with ease./ Source of labour.
  - Led to belief/ religion.
  - Led to development of trade.
  - Led to development of a system of administration/laws/government.
  - Settling in villages assured man of permanent dwelling thereby reducing movement.
  - Man began growing crops thereby ensuring regular food supply.
  - Man, domesticated animals which provided animal products thereby reducing his hunting activities.
  - Living in the villages promoted interactions thereby increasing social cohesion.
  - It enabled them to build better shelter thereby protecting themselves from harsh weather conditions. (First 6x2= 12 marks)
1. Identify five improvements that were made on macadamized roads in the 19th century. (5 marks)
  - Tar was put on the top surface to make them smooth.
  - Roads were widened to create highways.
  - Roads were straightened.
  - Roads were strengthened by adding more layers of gravel/stones.
  - They improved drainage on either side of the road. (First 5x1= 5 marks)
2. What are the advantages of using road transport? (10 marks)
  - Roads are flexible as they spread out countrywide even in the most remote areas.
  - Its reliable/convenient as there is no time scheduled for road usage.
  - Cheaper than other modes e.g air transport.
  - Roads can be developed in stages while they are still being used.
  - Can be used by many means e.g human, animals.
  - Supplement other forms of transport e.g water, railway.
  - Roads can be used where other means of transport e.g. trains, ship cannot reach.
  - It is the commonest and easiest/ readily available form of transport. (Any 5x2= 10 marks)
1. Give three functions of the chiefs appointed by the French in West Africa during the colonial rule. (3 marks)
  - Keeping register of tax payers in the colony/protectorate. / Tax collection. Conscripting/recruiting Africans into the colonial army.
  - Mobilizing African labour for public works/road construction.
  - Maintenance of law and order. / Settling disputes. (First 3x1= 3 marks)
2. Explain five reasons why the use of indirect rule in Southern Nigeria was unsuccessful. (10 marks)
  - Southern Nigeria did not have a centralized indigenous system of government.
  - The British introduced new ideas such as forced labour/taxes which angered the people.
  - The educated Africans in Southern Nigeria resented the chiefs’ appointment by the British because they were illiterate.
  - Lack of homogeneity in the South as there were so many ethnic groups, languages and customs to be understood.
  - Communication barriers between the British supervisors, the warrant chiefs, and the people often led to misinterpretation and misunderstanding.
  - The failure of the British administrator to fully understand how the socio-economic and political system of Southern Nigeria operated made them give up easily.
  - Misuse of power by the warrant chiefs who raised taxes for their own benefit. Use of excessive force to suppress any form of resistance provoked resentment. (First 5x2= 10 marks)
1. Name three financial institutions set up under African Union to provide funding for projects and programmes. (3 marks)
  - The African Central Bank.
  - The African Monetary Fund.
  - The African Investment Fund. (First 3x1= 3 marks)
2. Explain six differences between the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and the African Union (AU). (12 marks)
  - The structure of the AU is more elaborate than that of OAU/The AU has more organs than OAU.
  - AU unlike OAU was mandated to intervene in the international affairs of member states that violated human rights.
  - AU is viewed as organization of African peoples while OAU was an organization of African executives.
  - AU has an ambitious economic developments agenda for Africa whereas OAU was mainly concerned with political issues of the continent.
  - AU has an accountability mechanism (the African peer review mechanism) while OAU lacked it.
  - The OAU was formed by independent African countries to fight colonialism whereas AU focuses on challenges facing African countries today.
  - The AU had established the court of Justice to handle cases involving victims within the member states while OAU lacked this agency.
  - The AU unlike OAU has established a close working relationship with countries of the world through information communication to ensure globalization.
  - AU has proposed creation of African standing army whereas OAU did not think of it. (First 6x2= 12 marks)
1. - Give three importance of Odwira festival among the Asante kingdom. (3 marks)
  - Promoted unity in the kingdom.
  - Brought the kings (Omanhene) to pledge loyalty to the Asantehene.
  - Provided an opportunity for settling disputes.
  - Provided opportunity to hour the dead. (First 3x1= 3 marks)
2. Describe the political organization of the Buganda kingdom. (12 marks)
  - Buganda was a centralized kingdom headed by Kabaka.
  - The office of the Kabaka was hereditary.
  - The Kabaka’s court was the the final court of appeal.
  - The Kabaka was the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
  - There was a legislative body (Lukiiko) which discussed important matters affecting the kingdom.
  - The council of ministers assisted Kabaka to run the government like i.e Katikiro (prime minister); omuwanika (treasurer) and Omulamuzi (Chief Justice).the kingdom was divided into counties called Ssazas headed by ssaza chiefs.
  - The counties were sub-divided into sub-counties called Gombololas headed by Gombolola chiefs.
  - Gombololas were sub-divided into smaller divisions called Miluka headed by Miluka chiefs.
  - There were minor chiefs in charge of clans called Bataka chiefs.
  - There were governors called Abatangole who governed the vassal states. There was a standing army for defense of the kingdom. (Any 6x2= 12 marks)
1. State three reasons why the League of Nations was formed. (3 marks)
  - Promote peace/security in the world.
  - To nurture international cooperation.
  - To promote the respect and sovereignty of the member states.
  - To reduce armament.
  - To supervise former territories of the central powers.
  - To restrain aggressors through economic and military sanctions.
  - To improve living and working conditions of people. (First 3x1= 3 marks)
2. Why did the League of Nations fail to maintain word peace? (12 marks)
  - Inadequate funds to run/ implement its programmes.
  - Had no military force of its own to enforce its decisions.
  - The economic depression of 1929 weakened most of the world economies, hence they were not able to support the League financially.
  - Failure by the USA support the League since it did not want to get involved in European affairs denied it great resources.
  - Nationalism; most member was concerned with their sovereignty as opposed to the interests the League of nations.
  - The policy of appeasement adopted by Britain and France weakened the league which encouraged aggressors.
  - The rise of dictatorship regimes in Europe weakened the league as the dictators refused to accept its resolutions.
  - The membership of the organization was not all that inclusive as some countries were left out while others were not given a chance to join.
  - Some European nations opposed the treaty of Versailles because it favoured the allied nations that fought against Germany.
  - The search for colonies diverted members attention from activities of the League of nations.
  - The League Conference of ambassadors violated the objective of maintaining world peace by supporting some nation’s claim against others. (Any 6x2= 12 marks)
1. Give five conditions one must fulfil in order to be elected the president of India. (5 marks)
  - Must be a citizen of India.
  - Must be 35 years of age or above.
  - Should be qualified for elections as a member of the House of the People.
  - Should not hold any office of profit under the government of India.
  - Must be nominated by a political party. (First 5x1= 5 marks)
2. Explain five functions of the function president of India. (10 marks)
  - Head of state.
  - Appoints the Prime Minister.
  - Commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
  - Assents/ vetoes bills.
  - Establishes special councils to arbitrate inter-state disputes.
  - Summons/dissolves parliament.
  - Declares state of emergency.
  - Nominates 12 members to the council of states.
  - Appoints senior state officials.
  - Calls for the leader of the winning party after general elections to form the government.
  - Leader of the political party that nominated him/her for elections.
  - Pardon offenders. (First 5x2= 10 marks)