Questions
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES
- This paper consist of three sections; A, B and C
- Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
SECTION A (25 Marks)
Answer All questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.
- Give two aspects of human activities studied in political history (2mks)
- Mention two reasons why the earliest mammals lived on trees (2mks)
- Give two ways in which the Sumerians reclaimed their land (2mks)
- State the reason why land was left fallow in Britain before Agrarian revolution (1mk)
- Give two advantages of the seed drill invented during the agrarian revolution in Britain (2mks)
- Identify two African cultures that spread to the Americans during the during the trans-Atlantic trade ( 2mks)
- Name two wheeless vehicles that were used for transport (2mks)
- Identify two forms of messages relayed by the use of drum beats in the ancient times (2mks)
- State one way in which poverty hinders industrialization in the third world countries (1mk)
- Identify two tourist attraction sites in the ancient Kilwa (2mks)
- Give one way in which the Berlin conference solved the dispute among the European powers in Congo (1mk)
- Name the charted company that administered Zimbabwe during the process of colonization (1mk)
- Name the person who introduced the policy of association in central Africa (1mk)
- State one challenge faced by South African nationalists (1mk)
- State one event that led to the end of World War 1 (1mk)
- Name one financial institution established by the African union (1mk)
- State one condition that a country should fulfil in order to become a member of the Non-Aligned Movement (1mk)
SECTION B (45marks)
Answer any three questions from this section in the answer booklet provided
-
- Name three distinct stages of evolution according to Charles Darwin (3mks)
- Describe the culture of man during the middle Stone Age Period. (12mks)
-
- State five challenges faced by Trans – Saharan Traders. (5mks)
- Explain five factors for the decline of the Trans- Saharan Trade (10mks)
-
- State five challenges faced by Johannesburg as an Urban center. (5mks)
- Explain five impacts of Agrarian and industrial development on urbanization. (10mks)
-
- State three functions of the Odwira festival among the Asante. (3mks)
- Explain six factors for the growth of the Buganda kingdom. (12mks)
SECTION C: (30 Marks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.
-
- State three reasons why the policy f assimilation was easily applied in the four communes of Senegal (3mks)
- Explain six reasons why indirect rule failed in Southern Nigeria (12mks)
-
- State five characteristics of the common wealth organization (5mks)
- Explain five causes of the cold war (10mks)
-
- State five factors limiting the powers of the US president (5mks)
- Explain five functions of the Prime Minister in Britain (10mks)
Marking Scheme
- Give two aspects of human activities studied in political history
- Laws and order
- Systems of government
- Security
- Constitution making (2x1=2mks)
- Laws and order
- Mention two reasons why the earliest mammals lived on trees
- For security
- For food (2x1=2mks)
- Give two ways in which the Sumerians reclaimed their land
- Built dykes to control flooding
- They irrigated dry land
- Built canal to drain water (2x1=2mks)
- State the reason why land was left fallow before Agrarian revolution
- To allow land to regain its fertility (1x1=1mk)
- Give two advantages of the seed drill invented during the agrarian revolution in Britain
- It enabled planting of seeds in a row
- It helped in planting specific number of seeds to avoid wastage (2x1=2mks
- Identify two African cultures that spread to the Americans during the during the trans-Atlantic trade
- Witchcraft (juju)
- Samba dancing style
- Jazz music (2x1=2mks)
- Name two wheeless vehicles that were used for transport
- Sledge
- Travois
- Sedan chair (2x1=2mks)
- Identify two forms of messages relayed by the use of drum beats in the ancient times
- Declaring of the war
- Arrival of strangers
- Impending danger
- Announcement of death
- Summoning for a meeting
- Community ceremonies and festivals. (2x1=2mks)
- State one way in which poverty hinders industrialization in the third world countries
- Low purchasing power which limits domestic markets
- Inadequate funds to invest in industrialization (1x1=1mk)
- Identify two tourist attraction sites in the ancient Kilwa
- The great mosque
- The palace
- Stone citadel (2x1=2mks)
- Give one way in which the Berlin conference solved the dispute among the European powers in Congo
- Rivers Congo and Niger were left free for any state to navigate
- King Leopold claim over the Congo free state was recognized (1x1=1mk)
- Name the charted company that administered Zimbabwe during the process of colonization
- British South Africa Company (1x1=1mk)
- Name the person who introduced the policy of association in central Africa
- Savorgnan de Brazza (1x1=1mk)
- State one challenge faced by South African nationalists
- Harassment/arrest/ detention by the government
- Killing of some nationalists such as Steve Biko
- Banning of political parties
- Intimidation of political leaders and trade unionists
- Banning of mass media
- Use of pass laws that limited their movements
- Use of divide and rule to divide Africans (1x1=1mk)
- State one event that led to the end of World War 1
- Entry of USA into the war
- Russian withdrawal from the war (1x1=1mk)
- Name one financial institution established by African union
- African Central Bank
- African Monetary Fund
- African investment Bank (1x1=1mk)
- State one condition that a country should fulfil in order to become the member of the Non-Aligned Movement
- A country should be independent
- It should not be a member of any power blocs (1x1=1mk)
SECTION B (45marks)
-
- State three distinct stages of evolution according to Charles Darwin
- Mutation
- Natural selection
- Isolation
- Environmental Adaption(3x1=3mks)
- Describe the culture of man during the middle Stone Age Period.
- Man made and used sangoan tools.
- Man practiced hunting and gathering as economic activity.
- Man invented and used fire for example to provide light.
- Lived in caves and rock shelters.
- Communicated using click sounds and rudimentary language.
- Wore animal skins and applied red ochre on their skin.
- Practiced rock art.
- Lived in small social groups for security. (6x2=12mks)
- State three distinct stages of evolution according to Charles Darwin
-
- State five challenges faced by Trans – Saharan Traders.
- Journey was long and tiresome.
- Attack by hostile communities.
- Extreme desert temperatures.
- Traders got lost .
- Scarcity of water and food.
- Frequent sand storms which buried the traders
- Attacks from wild animals and insects like scorpions
- Disruption of the journey due to community wars.
- Communication barriers.(5x1=5mks)
- Explain five factors for the decline of the Trans- Saharan Trade
- Exhaustion of trading commodities such as salt and gold.
- Insecurity in the region.
- Invasion of the Moroccan ports.
- Ottoman Turks activities brought insecurity.
- Moroccan invasion of the Western Sudan created insecurity.
- Growth of Trans -Atlantic trade
- Anti-slave trade crusaders.
- Colonization of Africa.(Any 5x2=10mks)
- State five challenges faced by Trans – Saharan Traders.
-
- State five challenges faced by Johannesburg as an Urban center.
- Over exploitation of Africans- They were treated as slaves.
- Poor housing.
- Unemployment.
- HIV/AIDS
- High crime rates.
- Pollution from industries.
- A big/ large gap between the rich and the poor.(5x1=5mks)
- Explain five impacts of Agrarian and industrial development on urbanization.
- Agriculture led to a settled way of life-leading to growth of urban centers.
- Agrarian revolution led to landless populations who migrated to urban centers causing their expansion.
- Mining center/industries attracted people hence forming urban centers.
- Agrarian revolution led to adequate food supply leading to population growth.
- Financial industries to work and live in urban centers- banks.
- Use of machines in agriculture displaced laborers who moved to urban centers.
- Some ports that were used as export and import points attracted large settlements.
(5x2=10mks)
- State five challenges faced by Johannesburg as an Urban center.
-
- State three functions of the Odwira festival among the Asante.(3mks)
- Pay allegiance to the Asantehere.
- To honor the dead.
- Omanhenes solved their disputes.
- Provided unity among the states.(3x1=3mks)
- Explain six factors for the growth of the Buganda kingdom.
- Good, strong and able leaders.
- Small and compact kingdom/cohesive.
- Participated in trade – long distance.
- Strategically located near lake Victoria for natural defense.
- Strong economy based on agriculture.
- Strong standing army for defense and expansion.
- Acquired wealth from conquered areas ie Bunyoro- Gitara kingdom
- Centralized system for stability and growth.
- Ganda tradition – women farmers – men hunters.(6x2=12mks)
- State three functions of the Odwira festival among the Asante.(3mks)
SECTION C: (30 Marks)
-
- State three reasons why the policy of assimilation was easily applied in the four communes of Senegal
- The people had long interaction with European traders
- They had a high percentage of the Mulatto population
- Most of the population were Christians (3x1=3mks)
- Explain six reasons why indirect rule failed in Southern Nigeria
- Southern Nigeria had many ethnic groups
- Yoruba traditional leaders had more powers than others hence were rejected
- Egba resented taxation
- There was language barriers in the Southern part of Nigeria
- The educated elites resented the appointment of illiterate chiefs
- Elders were affected by appointment of mission educated young men (6x2=12mks)
- State three reasons why the policy of assimilation was easily applied in the four communes of Senegal
-
- State five characteristics of the common wealth organization
- English is used as a common language
- They maintain cultural ties through games and sports
- They cooperate in the field of education through exchange programs
- The queen of England is recognized as the head of the organization
- They have a common military traditions based on the British military system
- They share common democratic institutions like the civil services (5x1=5mks)
- Explain five causes of cold war
- Ideological differences between the superpowers i.e capitalism and communism
- Arms race
- Economic rivalry between the super powers i.e marshal plan and COMECON
- Formation of military alliances i.e NATO and WARSAW pact
- Use of Russian veto powers in the UN
- Differences over Germany (5x2=10mks)
- State five characteristics of the common wealth organization
-
- State five factors limiting the powers of the US president
- The congress checks the powers of the president
- The congress can impeach a sitting president
- The congress can refuse to approve the use of public funds
- The supreme court may declare president to have acted unconstitutionally
- The constitution limits an individual to two four year terms
- Use of mass media
- Presence of various pressure groups
- Use of public opinion (5x1=5mks)
- Explain five functions of the Prime Minister in Britain
- Appointing and dismissing ministers
- Presiding of cabinet secretaries
- He settles disputes between various departments
- Is the leader of the House of commons
- Is the leader of the party that nominates him or her
- They control the cabinet secretary and observing the execution of the cabinet decisions by various departments
- They change laws as his /she has the majority support in the parliament. (5x2=10mks)
- State five factors limiting the powers of the US president
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