Instruction to the candidates,
- This paper has two Sections: A and B.
- Answer all questions in Section A.
- In Section B Answer question 6 and any other two questions.
- All Answers must be written on a separate answer sheet provided.
For Examiner’s Use Only
SECTION |
QUESTION |
MAXIMUM SCORE |
CANDIDATE’S SCORE |
A |
1 – 5 |
25 |
|
B |
6 |
25 |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
100 |
|
QUESTIONS
SECTION A
-
- Apart from fishing name two other economic activities that are practiced along the East African coastal waters (2marks)
- Identify three methods of fishing from are used for deep area fishing (3marks)
-
- Give physical tourists attractions found in the western region of Kenya (3marks)
- State two reasons why domestic tourism is encouraged in Kenya (2marks)
-
- State two human problems facing HEP projects in Africa (2marks)
- State three physical factors that have favoured high hydro-electric power production in Uganda (3marks)
-
- Give two trading blocks in Africa (2marks)
- Identify three political problems facing regional trading blocs in Africa (3marks)
-
- Name two towns in Kenya where motor vehicle assembling plants are located (2marks)
- List three risks associated with the use of motor vehicles (3marks)
SECTION B
Answer Question 6 and any other TWO Questions in this Section.
- The photograph below shows cattle rearing in an area in Kenya. Use it to answer the following questions;
- Name the type of photograph shown above (1 mark)
- What economic activity is carried out in the area shown by the photograph? (1mark)
- Give three counties where the economic activity you identified in (ii) above takes place in Kenya. (3marks)
- Draw a rectangle measuring 16cm by 9cm to represent the area of the photograph. On it sketch and label the main features shown on the photograph (5 marks)
-
- From the photograph, give two indicators showing that the area is experiencing drought-like conditions. (2 marks)
- Name two exotic breeds of dairy cattle reared in Kenya. (2mark)
- State three physical factors which favour dairy farming in Kenya. (3 marks)
- Explain four benefits of dairy farming to the economy of Kenya. (8 marks)
-
-
- State four factors that influence the occurrence of minerals (4marks)
- Describe the open cast method of mining? ( 5marks)
- Study the map below and answer the questions that follow
- Name the mineral found in areas marked I, K, L, and M (4marks)
- Explain three ways in which mining promotes industrialization in Kenya (6marks
- Students carried out a felid study about rocks and minerals
- State three problems they are likely to undergo during the field study (3marks)
- Give the follow-up activities they will undertake (3marks)
-
-
- Define the term forestry (2marks)
- Apart from tropical hardwood forest, name three other types of natural forests (3marks)
- State the problems experienced in the exploitation of tropical hardwood forest (4marks)
- List the characteristics of planted forests in Kenya (5marks)
- Explain three factors that favour forests in Canada (6marks)
- Give five measures that the government has taken to conserve and manage forests in Kenya (5marks)
-
-
- Describe the following
- Mulching (4marks)
- Bunds and gabions (6marks)
- Give three ways in which the government of Kenya is trying to rehabilitate overgrazed lands in Kenya (3marks)
-
- State examples of irrigation methods commonly used in Kenya (4marks)
- Explain two conditions that favour irrigation farming in Kenya (4 marks)
- Give the characteristics of land reclamation in Kenya (4marks)
- Describe the following
-
- Describe the characteristics of population of the two countries as represented by the pyramids (6marks)
-
- What is the meaning of fertility rate? (2 marks)
- Explain three factors that have contributed to the reduction in fertility rate in Kenya (6marks)
- State three problems caused by the slow population growth rate in developed countries (3marks)
- Explain four causes of rural–rural migration in Kenya (8marks)
- Describe the characteristics of population of the two countries as represented by the pyramids (6marks)
MARKING SCHEME
-
- Apart from fishing name two other economic activities that are practiced along the East African coastal waters (2mks)
- Tourism
- Transportation
- Farming/irrigation
First 2 x 1 = 2 marks
- Identify three methods of fishing from are used for deep area fishing (3marks)
- Trawling
- Long line
- Purse seining
- Drifting
First 3 x 1 = 3 marks
- Apart from fishing name two other economic activities that are practiced along the East African coastal waters (2mks)
-
- Give physical tourists attractions found in the western region of Kenya (3marks)
- Wildlife in Ruma National Park / Impala Sanctuary / bird sanctuary at orange / Kakamega forest
- Lake Victoria
- Forests
- Granitic tours
- Museum/ mausoleums
- Hot sunny weather
- Sport / fishing activities/water sports
- Islands
- Escarpment
- Historical monuments
- Beaches
- Water falls
- Hot springs
- Rivers
- Cultures of the local communities
Any 3 x 1=(3marks)
- State two reasons why domestic tourism is encouraged in Kenya (2 marks)
- For people to appreciate the need to preserve wildlife / culture
- To utilize tourist facilities during low tourist season
- For the people to appreciate the tourist attraction features
- To earn revenue especially during the low tourist seasons.
- Create employment
- For education /research
- Enhance national unity
- Provide market for local products
- Earn incomes
- Enhance circulation of mercy in the country
- Give physical tourists attractions found in the western region of Kenya (3marks)
-
- State two human problems facing HEP projects in Africa (2marks)
- The absence of the skilled personnel
- The high cost of purchase and maintain of the machines
- The high rate of corruption
- The drastic technological advancements
- State three physical factors that have favoured high hydro-electric power production in Uganda (3marks)
- Large volume of water form River Nile / other rivers /Lake Victoria
- The owe n falls / natural waterfall for power generation
- High rainfall/1000 mm throughout the year to enable high volume of water
- Regular supply of water from permanent rivers / lakes
- Presence of non-porous rock that prevent leakage of water
- Hard basset rock
- Deep valley / gorges
First 3 x 1 = 3 marks
- State two human problems facing HEP projects in Africa (2marks)
-
- Give two trading blocks in Africa (2marks)
- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
- Southern African Development Community (SADC)
- Economic community of West African State (ECOWAA)
- East African community (EAC)
- CEN –SAD
- IGAD
- ICCAS
- UMA / UMU
- SACU
- WAEMU/ UEMUA
- CEMAC
Any 2 x 1= 2 marks
- Identify three political problems facing regional trading blocs in Africa (3marks)
- Civil wars / insecurity in some countries
- Political differences among leaders
- Negative publicity of goods among countries
- Inadequate institutional / policy framework.
- Ideological differences among some countries
- Many African countries are still aligned to the form of colonial masters
First 3x1= 3marks
- Give two trading blocks in Africa (2marks)
-
- Name two towns in Kenya where motor vehicle assembling plants are located (2marks)
- Nairobi
- Mombasa
- Thika.
(first 2x1=2 marks)
- List three risks associated with the use of motor vehicles (3marks)
- Air pollution / Toxic gas
- Fires
- Oil spills / water pollution
- Deaths
- Accidents
- Noise/sound pollution
- Diseases
Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
- Name two towns in Kenya where motor vehicle assembling plants are located (2marks)
- The photograph below shows cattle rearing in an area in Kenya. Use it to answer the following questions;
-
- Name the type of photograph shown above (1 mk)
- Ground general view photograph
NB: Deny GROUND PHOTOGRAPH
- Ground general view photograph
- What economic activity is carried out in the area shown by the photograph? (1mk)
- Pastoralism/cattle rearing
- Give three counties where the economic activity you identified in (ii) above takes place in Kenya. (3marks)
- Kajiado
- Samburu
- Isiolo
- Marsabit
- Turkana
(First 3x1= 3marks)
- Draw a rectangle measuring 16cm by 9cm to represent the area of the photograph. On it sketch and label the main features shown on the photograph (5 marks)
- Name the type of photograph shown above (1 mk)
-
- From the photograph, give two indicators showing that the area is experiencing drought-like conditions. (2 marks)
- Bare ground
- Scattered vegetation
- Shrubs
- Cloudless sky
- Name two exotic breeds of dairy cattle reared in Kenya. (2mark)
- Ayrshire
- Jersy
- Guernsey
- Friesian
- Alderney
- Brown Swiss
- Sahiwal
- From the photograph, give two indicators showing that the area is experiencing drought-like conditions. (2 marks)
- State three physical factors which favour dairy farming in Kenya. (3 marks)
- Low/Cool temperatures
- High rainfall
- Volcanic soils
- Pastures
- Explain four benefits of dairy farming to the economy of Kenya. (8 marks)
- Employment- the sector has provided opportunities in milk processing plants and related activities
- Development of industries- industries that deal with milking cans, animal feeds, and pesticides are supported by the sector. The sector also provided s raw materials for the development of industries
- Source of energy- biogas is generated from the cow dung which is in turn used for lighting and cooking
- Provides manure- cow dung from dairy animals is used to make manure improve
- Earns foreign exchange- the dairy products
- Provision of proteins, fats and vitamins which s essential fo human health.
-
-
- State four factors that influence the occurrence of minerals (4marks)
- Vulcanicity leads to the solidification of minerals in cracks and crevices
- Metamorphism leads to change into new mineral/formation of minerals
- Leaching into the concentration of minerals in the crust
- Erosion loosens minerals and transports them eventually depicting them as alluvial deposits
- Sedimentation deposits, accumulates and concentrates minerals in specific areas making them occur in layers, beds, and seams
- Evaporation enhances crystallization leading to the formation of salts
- Weathering exposes minerals near the earth’s surface.
Any 4 x 1 = 4 marks
- Describe the open cast method of mining? ( 5marks)
- The mineral deposits lie within a few metres from the ground
- The unwanted material on the top layer/overburden is removed
- Soft mineral deposits are removed by drilling/scooping
- Hard minerals are removed by blasting with explosives
- The mineral is then scooped by an excavator
- The mineral is loaded into lorries to be transported for processing
Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
- Study the map below and answer the questions that follow
- Name the mineral found in areas marked I, K, L, and M (4marks)
- J-Tin
- K-Salt / limestone
- L-Coal
- M-Diamond
- Name the mineral found in areas marked I, K, L, and M (4marks)
- Explain three ways in which mining promotes industrialization in Kenya (6marks)
- Some minerals provide the essential raw material for some manufacturing industries
- Minerals are exported to earn the country foreign exchange which is used for the development of industries
- Mining stimulates the development of broads /railways which promotes industrial growth/ease movement of finished products
- Mining attracts settlements of towns which attract industrial development
- Mining creates employment raising the living standards of the people hence, creating a greater demand for industrial products thus promoting industrial growth
- Stimulated growth of the related industries that supply inputs
Any 3 x 2- 6 marks
- Students carried out a felid study about rocks and minerals
- State three problems they are likely to undergo during the field study (3marks)
- Adverse weather condition
- Inaccessibility of some areas
- Students may fall off the rocks
- May be attacked by wild animals such as snakes
First 3x1=3marks
- Give the follow-up activities they will undertake (3marks)
- Group discussions
- Photo display
- Displaying the samples
- Writing reports
- Presenting the data collected
Any 3x1= 3marks
- State three problems they are likely to undergo during the field study (3marks)
- State four factors that influence the occurrence of minerals (4marks)
-
-
- Define the term forestry (2marks)
- Forestry is the science of developing and cultivating forests and utilizing them
- Apart from tropical hardwood forest, name three other types of natural forests (3marks)
- Temperature hardwood
- Coniferous forests / temperate softwood
- Montane forest
- Mangrove forest
Any 2 x 1= 2 marks
- State the problems experienced in the exploitation of tropical hardwood forest (4marks)
- Trees take a long time to mature
- Different trees species are clustered in one area making moments difficult
- Trees mature at different times making harvesting difficult and expensive
- The forest has mixed tree species making exploitation difficult and almost impossible
- Tree trunks are huge, supported by buttress roots hence difficult to exploit
- The trees are heavy/bulky making transportation difficult
- Impossible roads
- Hot / humid climate
- Attacks by wild animals
- Tree climbers
(Any 4x1= 4marks)
- Define the term forestry (2marks)
- List the characteristics of planted forests in Kenya (5marks)
- Trees appear in rows
- They have same species
- There are mainly softwoods
- They have little /no undergrowth
- They take time to mature
- They appear in blocks / same height
- Mainly located in high areas
- Scientifically managed
- Are five monitored
Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
- Explain three factors that favour forests in Canada (6marks)
- The valley bottoms along the coast form suitable sites for the location of paper mill clay for smothering paper surface
- There are many rivers with waterfalls suitable for the generation of hydro-electric power for use in the industries
- The low temperature in the highlands discourage settlement leaving forestry as the only land use
- The landscape is rugged with thin soils that discourage agriculture/activities therefore most of the mountain slopes are under forests
- High precipitation throughout the year favours luxuriant growth of forests
- Presence of rivers which provide cheap water transport to transport logs to factories / snow which facilitates movement of logs
- There is ready market of forest products in Canada and USA
Max 3 x 2 = 6marks
- Give five measures that the government has taken to conserve and manage forests in Kenya (5marks)
- it has enacted laws to prohibit the cutting of trees without a license / protecting indigenous trees
- It has established forest research stations to conduct research on their species
- The green belt movement / encourages protection of threatened forests
- It encourages people to use energy-saving jikos.
- It encourages people to use an an alternative source of energy
- The tree planting programmes drawn during the rainy season and implemented
- Forests are protected by establishing forest guards. the Development of Nyayo tea zones
(First 5x1=5marks)
-
-
- Describe the following
- Mulching (4marks)
- This is the use of crop residues such as vegetable remains / plant litters /grass/polythene sheets to cover the soil/crop
- It helps to retain soil moisture, reduce soil erosion, and reduce the splashing effect of rainwater on soil
- It increases water infiltration into the soil by preventing it from surface runoff
- When the vegetative materials decompose it produces organic matter which increases the fertility of the soil.
Any 2 x 2 = 4 marks
- Bunds and gabions (6marks)
- Bunds are soil piles across a slope constructed to control soil erosion
- Bunds are also built to check surface runoff which would cause soil erosion / influence water infiltration
- Gabions are wire mesh that are filled with soil, stones and other materials
- Gabions are constructed on slopes /across gullies to trap soils being carried by running water downslope
- Gabions encourage vegetation growth ion the trapped soil.
- They are effective for controlling soil erosion
Any 3 x 2= 6marks
- Mulching (4marks)
- Give three ways in which the government of Kenya is trying to rehabilitate overgrazed lands in Kenya (3marks)
- livestock extension officers move around advising farmers on the importance of keeping livestock according to the carrying capacity of the land
- introducing exotic breeds /cross breeds to emphasize quality and not quantity
- it has established / encouraged establishment of ranches in the livestock keeping regions to improve quality of animals
- it has encouraged farmers to grow fodder / introduced nourishing grass which is drought resistant any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
-
- State examples of irrigation methods commonly used in Kenya (4marks)
- Use of lifting devices
- drip irrigation
- overhead sprinkler irrigation
- furrow canal irrigation
- flood / basin irrigation
- trickle irrigation
any 4 x 1= 4 marks
- Explain two conditions that favour irrigation farming in Kenya (4 marks)
- Gently sloping land which permits flow of water by gravity hence reducing pumping of water to the fields.
- Presence of clays soils / black cotton soils which retain water for longer use by crops
- Presence of rivers / reservoirs / lakes which provide regular water supply making it possible to irrigate land
- Government policy to develop irrigation scheme t
- Efficient transport that easen movements of goods
- High temperatures throughout the year which allows multiple cropping /continuous farming activities throughout the year
- Market that stimulates production
- Large tracks of land for expansion
- Low rainfall makes irrigation necessary
- Low population hence low costs of resettlement
(First 2x2=4 marks)
- State examples of irrigation methods commonly used in Kenya (4marks)
- Give the characteristics of land reclamation in Kenya (4marks)
- Simple methods of reclaiming land are used like digging canals / ditches to drain water
- Land is reclaimed mainly from swamps / marginal lands
- Irrigation is used where there is low rainfall / in arid areas
- Drought resistant crops are planted
- There is high evaporation of irrigation water due to high temperature
- Trees are planted
Any 4 x 1 = 4 marks
- Describe the following
-
- Describe the characteristics of population of the two countries as represented by the pyramids (6marks)
- In Kenya the fertility is high
- In both Kenya and Sweden the number of male and female is almost equal at all ages
- In Kenya the aging population is low that’s low life expectancy.
- In Sweden the ageing population is higher due to high life expectancy.
- In Kenya the dependency ratio is high.
- In Sweden the dependency is low
- In Kenya, the number of infants form age 0 to 4 years is high in Sweden the no of infants from 0 to 4 years
- In Kenya the working population is low, in Sweden its moderate
- In Kenya, the number of youthful populations is high. in Sweden the number of useful populations is
- In Kenya birth rate is high
- In Sweden both rate is low
- In Kenya the death rate is high
- In Sweden death rate is low
-
- What is the meaning of fertility rate? (2 marks)
- Fertility rate is the number of live births in a given population in a year
- Explain three factors that have contributed to the reduction in fertility rate in Kenya (6marks)
- The cost of bringing up children has gone up therefore parents limit the number of children they can have
- Increased use of birth control methods has lowered the number of children women get in their life time
- More girls are attending school / are pursuing higher education and training. this makes them stay longer before getting married
- Modern career opportunities have a limiting influence on a woman’s fertility rate. Some employers do not want to employ women who keep going on maternity leave
- There is an increase in the number of women opting to remain single, thus reducing the number filling
- Urbanization has influenced people to have small families
- What is the meaning of fertility rate? (2 marks)
- State three problems caused by slow population growth rate in developed countries (3marks)
- The social amenities are underutilized/high cost of maintenance
- There is inadequate labour supply / manpower
- The dependency ratio is high in old age
- Here is reduction revenue collection
- There is under exploration of resources
- There is inadequate local market for the locally produced goods
- There is limited defense
- There is limited investment
- There is high cost of transport / service
- Explain four causes of rural – rural migration in Kenya (8marks)
- People move from one rural area to another in search of employment
- Insecurity in some rural areas make people move to safe places
- Pressure only and makes people buy / look for land elsewhere and settle
- Setting up of government development projects may cause displacement of people who are settled elsewhere / government projects may attract settlement in those areas
- Pastoral communities migrate from one rural area to another in search of pasture / water for their livestock
- Changes in land tenure system / inheritance e/land disputes cause people to move and settle elsewhere
- Natural calamities makes people to move to safer places
- Transfer of services form one rural area to another
- Describe the characteristics of population of the two countries as represented by the pyramids (6marks)
Download Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2022 Mock Exams Set 1.
Tap Here to Download for 50/-
Get on WhatsApp for 50/-
Why download?
- ✔ To read offline at any time.
- ✔ To Print at your convenience
- ✔ Share Easily with Friends / Students