History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Lanjet Joint Mock Exams 2022

Instructions to Candidates

• This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
• Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
• Answers to all the questions must be written in the answer booklet provided.

QUESTIONS

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Instruction: Answer all questions in this section

1. Give one factor for the development of agriculture in Egypt. (1 mark)
2. State two problems faced by traders in barter system. (2 marks)
3. Identify two officials who assisted the kabaka in his administration. (2 marks)
4. Name two communes in Senegal where assimilation policy was practiced. (2 marks)
5. Name one African country that was never colonized. (1 mark)
6. Give the main aim of the berlin conference 1884 -1885. (1 mark)
7. Name two African nationalists who attended the fifth pan African congress at Manchester 1945. (2 marks)
8. State two traditional forms of communication. (2 marks)
9. Identify the body that elects the president in United States of America (U.S.A). (1 mark)
10. State two sources of the British constitution. (2 marks)
11. Why was the Odwira festival held in asante empire? (2 marks)
12. Give the contribution of Hideyo Noguchi in the field of medicine? (1 mark)
13. Give one achievement of ECOWAS? (1 mark)
14. Identify one country in Africa where cold war was fought. (1 mark)
15. State one theory explaining the origin of agriculture. (1 mark)
16. Highlight two roles of Athens city in Greece. (2 marks)
17. Name the chartered company that administered West Africa. (1 mark)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Instruction: Answer THREE questions in this section

18.                        
    1. Name three archeological sites in Tanzania. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six uses of fire by the early man. (12 marks)
19.                    
    1. List three early sources of energy. (3 marks)
    2. Explain the reasons for slowed industrialization in South Africa. (12 marks)
20.                    
    1. List three reasons why the British used direct rule in Zimbabwe. (3 marks)
    2. Explain the effects of Chimurenga war of 1896-1897. (12 marks)
21.                          
    1. Highlight the reasons why Lewanika of the Lozi collaborated with the British. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors which made Samouri Toure resist the French for so long. (10 marks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Instruction: Answer TWO questions in this section

22.                                
    1. State the five permanent members of the United Nations organization (U.N.O) Security Council. (5 marks)
    2. Explain the failures of the League of Nations. (12 marks)
23.                      
    1. Mention five social developments in Tanzania since independence. (5 marks)
    2. Explain the economic challenges that have faced Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C) since independence. (10 marks)
24.                        
    1. List the functions of the president in United States of America (U.S.A). (5 marks)
    2. Discuss why parliament in Britain is considered supreme. (10 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Give one factor for the development of agriculture in Egypt. (1 mark)
   • Availability of indigenous crops and animals.
   • Fertile soils from silt
   • Availability of water from river Nile.
2. State two problems faced by traders in barter system. (2 marks)
   • It may involve bulky goods in the transaction.
   • There may lack double coincidence. It is difficult always to get the goods one wants.
   • Lack of standards of deferred payment; if a good was borrowed, it would be difficult to decide whether the same value was returned later or not.
   • Some goods cannot be sub-divided into smaller units. If one wanted cloth equal to a half a sheep, then he could not divide the sheep into two parts.
   • Lack of store of value for some goods which cannot be stored for a long time since they are perishable. E.g. milk, vegetables.
   • Lack of measures of value; a specific quantity of goods cannot be measured vis-à-vis other goods.
3. Identify two officials who assisted the kabaka in his administration. (2 marks)
   • Katikiro (prime minister)
   • Omwanika (treasurer)
   • Omulamuzi (chief justice)
4. Name two communes in Senegal where assimilation policy was practiced. (2 marks)
   • Dakar
   • Rufisque
   • Goree
   • St. Loius
5. Name one African country that was never colonized. (1 mark)
   • Ethiopia
   • Liberia
6. Give the main aim of the Berlin conference 1884 -1885. (1 mark)
   • To deliberate on peaceful partition of Africa among European powers.
7. Name two African nationalists who attended the fifth pan African congress at Manchester 1945. (2 marks)
   • Kwame Nkrumah(Ghana)
   • Jomo Kenyatta(kenya)
   • Ras Makonnen(Ethiopia)
   • Magnus Williams representing Azikiwa Nnamdi (Nigeria)
   • Obafemi Owolowo(Nigeria)
   • Kamuzu Banda (Malawi)
8. State two traditional forms of communication. (2 marks)
   • Drum beating
   • Horn blowing
   • Fire and smoke signals
   • Messengers
9. Identify the body that elects the president in United States of America (U.S.A). (1 mark)
   • The electoral college
10. State two sources of the British constitution. (2 marks)
    • Statutes or acts of parliament e.g. act of union with Scotland of 1707.
    • Customs-the accepted traditions e.g. the first-born of the sovereign succeeds the king /queen.
    • Law of precedence-judges applies accepted principles to new set of facts.
    • Custom of parliament e.g. the procedures of the two houses.
    • Historical documents e.g. the Magna Carta.
11. Why was the Odwira festival held in asante empire? (2 marks)
    • To honour the dead.
    • To solve conflicts.
    • To pay allegiance (show respect) to Asantehene.
    • It also enhanced unity amongst the Asante states.
12. Give the contribution of Hideyo Noguchi in the field of medicine? (1 mark)
    • Causative agent of syphilis.
13. Give one achievement of ECOWAS? (1 mark)
    • The defense Act adopted by ECOWAS in 1981 provided military support to any Member state attacked by outsiders. Their defense force known as ECOMOG was instrumental in quelling civil wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone.
    • Economically, Member states benefit from ECOWAS. For example, Nigeria provides her oil to member states at a reduced price.
    • The community has enabled regular meeting of the Heads of State to tackle problems facing the region.
    • Socio-cultural exchanges within the West African region have promoted good relations among the people.
    • Improvement has been realized in transport, trade, agriculture and communication. 
    • The organization has resolved political problems facing member states.
    • ECOWAS has enabled citizens of member states to move freely from one country to another through waiver of visa requirements.
    • There has been progress in education through the establishment of a Joint examination Syllabus for West African States.
14. Identify one country in Africa where cold war was fought. (1 mark)
    • Ethiopia
    • Zaire ( D.R Congo)
    • Angola
15. State one theory explaining the origin of agriculture. (1 mark)
    • Diffusion theory/ one area theory
    • Independent area theory
16. Highlight two roles of Athens city in Greece. (2 marks)
    • Educational center
    • Religious center
    • Trading center
    • Sports center
    • Recreational center
17. Name the chartered company that administered west Africa. (1 mark)
    • Royal Niger Company led by George Goldie
18.                                          
    1. Name three archeological sites in Tanzania. (3 marks)
       • Olduvai Gorge
       • Eyasi
       • Simila
       • Apis Rock
       • Garusi
    2. Explain six uses of fire by the early man. (12 marks)
       • For warmth at night, lighting
       • To cook roots and roast meat
       • For hunting (bushfires)
       • Tool-making to harden tips
       • Means of communication
       • Food preservation
       • It also enabled hominids to migrate out of savannah.
19.                              
    1. List three early sources of energy. (3 marks)
       • Wood
       • Water
       • Wind
    2. Explain the reasons for slowed industrialization in South Africa. (12 marks)
       • Long periods of apartheid rule was accompanied with sometimes violent resistance and struggle for majority rule which created an atmosphere not conducive for investment
       • The country suffered long periods of economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations between 1948 and 1994 which affected her manufactured goods that could not access external markets.
       • There were rampant industrial strikes in the country, during the apartheid regime which affected industrialization.
       • The HIV and AIDS scourge has ravaged the country’s labour force thus seriously undermining the industrial efforts.
       • There is stiff completion from the industrialized nations in Western Europe that produce high quality products and have an advanced marketing system for their goods.
       • High levels of insecurity which, at times, discourages would-be foreign investors.
       • High levels of poverty in South Africa mean low purchasing power. Manufactured goods perform poorly locally.
20.                    
    1. List three reasons why the British used direct rule in Zimbabwe. (3 marks)
       • The British desired to fully control the economy of Zimbabwe and maximize on profit generation through direct involvement in administration.
       • The Shona and Ndebele resistance against British intrusion made the them not to trust the Matabele chiefs nor use them as British agents.
       • There was lack of reliable political system to be used in indirect administration of the region. The local political institutions based on the Induna system had been destroyed when the British conquered and occupied Zimbabwe.
       • Existence of enough B.S.A Co personnel on the spot who were familiar with the area as well as the British system of government.
       • Favourable climatic conditions and the expected rich mineral deposits attracted many settlers who later provided the necessary personnel.
       • There was a strong desire by the Europeans to be able to direct their own affairs and destiny without interference from within or without/The spirit nationalism.
    2. Explain the effects of Chimurenga war of 1896-1897. (12 marks)
       • The Africans lost their independence as the British established their authority over them.
       • There was an enormous loss of life and property.
       • The African land was alienated and they confined to reserves
       • Africans in reserves were be subjected to forced labour.
       • The war led to rapid spread of Christianity as the local people lost faith in their religion.
       • The Ndebele indunas gained recognition as headmen.
       • The Africans were exposed to severe famine, as the war hindered farming.
       • The colonial office in London lost confidence in company rule due to its poor administration.
21.                              
    1. Highlight the reasons why Lewanika of the Lozi collaborated with the British. (5 marks)
       • Lewanika was encouraged to collaborate with the British by King Khama of Botswana who had already benefited from British protection against the Dutch in South Africa.
       • The European missionaries who had visited him earlier influenced Lewanika. For example, François Coillard who convinced Lewanika to ally with the British to gain western education.
       • Lewanika needed support against Portuguese and Germans who were approaching his territory.
       • Lewanika wanted the British to protect his kingdom from attacks by other African communities such as the Ndebele and Shona-protection against African enemies.
       • Lewanika also wanted the British to protect him against internal enemies e.g. in 1884, Lewanika faced an internal rebellion-to safeguard his position.
       • Lewanika desired western education especially for his sons and civilization in his country.
       • Desire for promotion of trade between Britain and his people. He was keen on acquiring European goods such as firearms for territorial defence.
       • He was fearful and considered it futile to resist a strong military force like Britain.
    2. Explain five factors which made Samori Toure resist the French for so long. (10 marks)
       • He had established military workshops with a trained cadre of artisans whom he used to repair and manufacture his own weapons. This guaranteed regular supply of weapons during the resistance.
       • He himself was a courageous fighter, a greater organizer and a military tactician and he personally commanded his army on the battlefield.
       • His adoption of the Scorched Earth Policy as he mobilized the entire population to retreat left the French to starve and delay their advance.
       • The success witnessed in trade enabled him to acquire guns and horses from the north, which were important in the resistance.
       • Through trade and subsequent tribute collection, he obtained adequate wealth, which he used to maintain a large army.
       • He had a large strong and well-organized army of 35,000 men, which was a formidable force for the French.
       • He used diplomacy in dealing with the French to buy time to reorganize and strengthen his army, and to negotiate with the British in Sierra Leone to guarantee regular supply of guns.
       • French soldiers were ignorant of the strange land they were fighting in and were faced with further problem of tropical disease.
       • Some of his soldiers had served in the French colonial army and were thus familiar with the French tactics.
       • He used Mandinka nationalism and Islam to unify the army. Many of Samori’s soldiers believed that they were fighting a Jihad (holy war) and therefore fought with determination
       •                      
22.                    
    1. State the five permanent members of the United Nations organization (U.N.O) Security Council. (5 marks)
       • Russia
       • United States of America (U.S.A)
       • Britain
       • China
       • France
    2. Explain the failures of the League of Nations. (12 marks)
       • It failed to solve the Sino-Japanese dispute after Japan invaded Manchuria in China in 1931. Japan after refusing to abide by the League’s demands that it withdraws from the Chinese territory, even pulled out of the league in 1933.
       • The Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935. Benito Mussolini, rather than accept the League’s verdict that he withdraws Italian troops from Ethiopia, pulled out of the League.
       • The League failed to stop German Violation of the terms of the Versailles Treaty. She embarked on a remilitarization programme and established a navy and an airbase.
       • Nations continued to make many defensive pacts in total disregard of the Treaty of Versailles.
       • Germany invaded other regions such as Poland and Austria between 1936 and 1939, while Russia invaded Finland in 1939 in violation of the League of Nations.
23.                    
    1. Mention five social developments in Tanzania since independence. (5 marks)
       • An attempt to create a classless society with e reduced gap, between the rich and the poor.
       • Introduction of ujamaa policy, to turn Tanzania into a country that had political and economic policies based on African traditions and aspirations.
       • Communal farms were created.
       • Primary education was made free in 1977 and became compulsory in 1978.
       • Government provided free health services
       • Kiswahili was adopted as a national language and a major medium of instruction in schools.
    2. Explain the economic challenges that have faced Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C) since independence. (10 marks)
       • Corruption and mismanagement of the economy. Mobutu was the richest president in the world while Zairians became the poorest people in the world.
       • Inflation due to power struggle and corruption. By 1980, the country’s currency was not worth the paper on which it was printed.
       • There was also a problem of heavy foreign debt. The country was unable to service her debts. By 1980, Zaire had become the world’s third biggest debtor nation.
       • There was a standstill in the economic activities and disruption of railway transport due to civil wars in the country and neighboring Angola.
       • The period also witnessed fall in world copper prices and increase in oil prices
       • Lack of a sound economic policy
24.                
    1. List the functions of the president in United States of America (U.S.A). (5 marks)
       • He is the head of state.
       • He appoints cabinet ministers and senior civil servants with approval of the congress.
       • He is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
       • He is the head of the federal government of USA and the defender of of its constitution.
       • The president formulates the public policy.
       • He can veto or override bills passed by the congress.
       • As a head of the party in power, the president influences public opinion and thereby guides the course of the congress.
       • He guides and controls foreign affairs and makes treaties.
    2. Discuss why parliament in Britain is considered supreme. (10 marks)
       • Parliament makes amends and abolishes laws. No other institution can do that.
       • Branches of government operate under the laws passed by parliament./parliament is the supreme institution in Britain and all other institutions derive
         their power from it.
       • Parliament can pass a vote of no confidence in the executive. / has powers to remove any unpopular government from office.
       • It approves government revenue and expenditure. / It is the only institution empowered to approve government budget.
       • Decisions of parliament are binding to all. They cannot be overruled or nullified by a court of law.