History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - MECS Cluster Joint Mock Examinations 2022

QUESTIONS

SECTION A(25 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section

1. What Pre-history? 1mks
2. Identify two types of shelters man used during the Middle Stone Age period. 2mks
3. Give two contributions of Americans to the agrarian revolution. 2mks
4. Name the two methods of trade. 2mks
5. State one disadvantage of pack animals in provision of transport. 1mk
6. Mention two uses of newspapers in the society today. 2mks
7. State one way in which the use of bronze changed the Africans way of life. 1mk
8. Identify one factor that facilitated scientific revolution. 1mk
9. List one factor that undermined Meroe. 1mk
10. State two functions of the Katikiro among the Buganda in the 19th century. 1mk
11. Give one source of the British Constitution. 1mk
12. Identify one African territory that was colonized by the Italians. 1mk
13. Outline two duties of the emirs in Northern Nigeria during colonialism. 2mks
14. State one liberation movement that was involved in Mozambique’s struggle for independence. 1mk
15. Give two reasons why USA was neutral in the First World War up-to 1917. 2mks
16. State two permanent members of the United Nations Organization (UNO) Security council 2mks
17. Identify one type of elections in Britain. 1mk

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions in this section

18.      
    1. State three reasons why Africa is considered as the cradle of mankind. 3mks
    2. Explain six results of the Agrarian Revolution in Britain. 12mks
19.      
    1. State five challenges faced by traders in the Trans-Saharan trade. 5mks
    2. Discuss five reasons for the decline of the Trans-Atlantic trade. 10mks
20.      
    1. State three advantages of road transport. 3mks
    2. Explain six solutions to challenges facing industrialization in the Third World countries. 12mks
21.      
    1. State five causes of the Shona-Ndebele (Chimurenga) war against the British colonization. 5mks
    2. Explain the methods used by nationalists in Ghana in their struggle for independence. 10mks

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section

22.      
    1. State five political results of the First World War. 5mks
    2. Explain the causes of the Second World War. 10mks
23.    
    1. State five achievements of the Commonwealth. 5mks
    2. Explain the challenges facing the Non-Aligned Movement. 10mks
24.      
    1. State three levels of elections in the United States of America. 3mks
    2. Explain six functions of the president in India. 12mks

MARKING SCHEME

1. It is the study of human history in the period before recorded events, known mainly through archaeological discoveries, study and research.
2. Caves
   Rock shelters
3. The development of the refrigerator
   Crop zoning
   Telegraph/telephone
   Invented the steel plough
   Improved the reapers
   Cotton picker
   Cotton gin
   Tractors and combine harvesters
4. Barter trade
   Currency trade
5. Can be attacked by wild animals
   Slow and tedious
   Stubborn when tired or heavily loaded
   Can only cover a limited distance
   Needs continuous feeding
6. Advertisements
   Provide news
   Contains an editorial section with opinion on an issue of public interest
   Contains commentaries
   Educates the public
7. Enabled the make better weapons
   Enabled them make better tools
   Made a variety of ornaments and artistic items
   Better
8. The need to find solutions to daily problems
   Scholarships during renaissance period in Europe
   Discovery of printing press
   Voyages of exploration/discovery of new world
9. Exhaustion of forests through charcoal burning
   Decline of agriculture due to desertification
   Exhaustion of iron ore deposits
   Decline in trade due stiff competition from Axum
   Attack and conquest by King Ezana
10. Organized warfare
    Organized the payment of tribute and taxes
    -protected the kabaka
    -organised wars in the name of the kabaka
    -gave permission to those willing to see the kabaka
    -informed the kabaka of court proceedings.
11. Constitutional milestones e.g magna carta
    Legislation
    Case laws
    Parliamentary custom
    Commentaries
    Constitutional conventions
12. Italian Somaliland
    Eritrea
    Libya
13. Collected taxes
    Recruited labour
    Headed local governments
    Tried cases in the local customary courts
    Maintain law and order
    Appointed village heads
    Communicated colonial policies
    Supervised construction of roads and markets
14. FRELIMO
    COREMO
15. Didn’t want to involve herself in European powers quarrels
    Didn’t want the war fought in her soil because there were people of German descent
    Had commercial/trade relations with both parties
    The war had not interfered with her interests
16. The United Kingdom
    The USA
    France
    China
    Russia
17. General elections
    By-elections
18.         
    1. There are numerous archaeological sites where early fossils resembling human beings have been found
       The Savanna grasslands provided space for effective hunting and gathering of food
       Tropical climate was suitable for it was warm throughout the year
       There exists many all-seasons rivers that provided adequate fresh water and trapping for wild animals
       It is at the centre of Pangea thus easy for migration to other parts of the world
    2. It led to increase in food production due better methods fo farming
       It led to increased population due to improved diet
       It led to improved standards of living for the farmers
       It led to emigration of the landless into other lands
       It led to the establishment of agro-basd industries
       It led to increased migration into urban areas in search of employment
       It led to emergence of new class of wealthy landowners
       It led to widespread unemployment as peasant farmers were displaced
       It led to the establishment of the Royal Agricultural Society to facilitate the exchange of ideas among farmers
19.    
    1. The journey was long and tiresome
       Shortage of water and food
       Insecurity due robbers, Takshifs turning against them and attacks from desert creatures
       The routes changed frequently
       The desert climate was harsh
       Language barrier
       Blinding sandstorms
       Rivalry between traders over monopoly and control of trade and trade routes
    2. The decline of the demand for sugar produced from British territories after 1775
       The independence of USA denied Britain the profits it was getting from slave trade
       The industrial revolution led to mechanization reducing dependence on slave labour
       The anti-slavery movements in the 19th century pressurized governments to pass laws against slave labour
       Influential economists like Adam Smith advanced arguments for a free enterprise economy
       The American civil war of 1865 between the North and South led to the abolition of slavery in USA after the North won the war
       Slave revolts had become more frequent leading to the killing of their masters
       Leading Africans actively campaigned against slave trade
       The French revolution of 1789 spread ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity which challenged the institution of slavery
       Legitimate trade became a more preferred trade than slave trade
       There was increased need to retain Africans in their homeland to produce raw materials
20.      
    1. It’s the cheapest form of transport
       It’s flexible
       It’s faster compared to water and rail
       Can be used by many means
       Cheaper to construct
    2. Provision of capital and credit to the people to establish industries
       Improve the purchasing power of their people by increasing income
       Encourage industrial investment by giving incentives and protection to local manufacturing sectors
       Develop and extend the transport and communication infrastructure
       Promoting good governance and democratization to enhance political stability
       Provide a conducive environment to attract foreign investment
       Diversification of the economy and manufacturing industries
       Promote and provide scientific and technological education to their people
       Reduce military expenditures and divert funds for the manufacture of products for the domestic and external market
       Boost and encourage regional cooperation for a wider industrial market
       Develop early warning systems to reduce the impact of natural calamities
21.       
    1. The Ndebele and Shona were not happy with their loss of independence as their king and social and political institutions had been done away with
       The Ndebele land been alienated by the British settlers
       The Ndebele had lost their cattle to the BSACo officials who thought they belonged to Lobengula
       Imposition of hut tax that was brutally collected
       Africans were forced to work on European farms and mines
       The Ndebele disliked the Native Police Force that mistreated them
       The Shona were unhappy with the interference of their trade with the Portuguese
       Natural calamities were interpreted religiously
    2. They organized public rallies where they articulated their grievances
       Trade unions boosted the nationalist’s activities as they articulated the workers welfare
       They mobilized protests and demonstrations against the colonial rule
       They wrote publications and literature to voice and popularize the African course e.g the Accra Evening News
       They used international forums such as the Pan-African congress
       They participated in constitutional negotiations e.g the Burns and Coussey Constitutional negotiations
       They formed mass political parties to articulate African issues e.g CPP, NLM, UGCC
22.      
    1. It led to creation of new nations in Europe e.g Hungary, Yugoslavia
       USA gained an upper hand in European post-war affairs
       It undermined the existence of greater Turkey after parts of her were granted independence
       The size of Germany was reduced as France regained her lost provinces of Alsace and Lorraine
       It led to the formation of the League of Nations to oversee international peace and security
       It led to the emergence of Communism in Russia which hastened the collapse of the Tsarist regime
       It created revolutionary ideas among the colonized in Asia and Africa
       It led to the rise of dictators e.g Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany.
    2. It was caused by Hitler’s ambition to restore German’s dominance in Europe in total disregard of the Treaty of Versailles
       Germany regarded the Treaty of Versailles as unfair and blamed it for her economic problems making her adopt an aggressive policy
       Lack of international cooperation due to increased nationalism after the depression of 1929
       Many countries were experiencing economic hardships due to increased competition for markets, raw materials and colonies
       The rise of dictators in Russia, Italy, Germany who adopted open aggressive policies against their perceived enemies
       Insecurity caused by increased armaments in various European nations
       The League of Nations was too weak to prevent the growing militarism and armament of Germany and Italy
       The appeasement policy adopted by Britain and France made Hitler realize that he could get away with anything which increased his aggression on other nations
       Formation of military alliances encouraged aggression in the hope of getting support in case of a war with enemies
       Territorial violations further aggravated the already tense situation in disregard of the Versailles Treaty marked the beginning of the war.
23.      
    1. It has maintained peace by sending peacekeepers to war-torn member countries
       It has established a fund to assist poor member countries
       Has provided technical assistance to member states
       It has promoted the development of education and research in member contries
       It has promoted mutual understanding and cooperation among member states
       Has promoted consultation in areas of common interest
       Has promoted good governance in member states through Commonwealth parliamentary Association, sending observers during elections
       Has promoted the development of the youth through the Commonwealth Youth Programme
       Has promoted trade among member states by removing trade barriers
    2. There exists many border disputes in Africa and Asia e.g Kenya and Ethiopia, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam
       Civil wars and military coups in some member states
       Several member states have ailing economies forcing them to continue maintaining ties with their former colonial masters or donors
       Failure by some member states to remit their contributions to the movement in time due to economic constraints
       Poor coordination of its activities due to lack of a secretariat
       Personality differences bar leaders from holding fruitful discussions
       Some members of the movement also belong to other organizations which reduces their commitment in the affairs of the movement
       The collapse of the USSR destabilized the movement as some countries saw no need to align with her anymore
       National interests are at times in conflict with the objectives of the movement.
24.      
    1. Presidential elections
       Elections for governors
       Elections for the senate
       Elections for the House of Representatives
    2. Has powers to make rwegulationsfor certain Union territories
       Appoints the chief minister and Lieuteenant Governor of the National Capital territory of Delhi and the Governors of the states or Union territories
       Establishes special councils to arbitrate on inter state
       Pardons convicted criminals
       Is a symbol of national unity