INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
- This paper has two sections A and B
- Answer all the questions in section A, in section B answer question 6 and any other two questions
- All answers must be written in the answer sheets provided
For Examiner’s Use Only
Section |
Question |
Maximum Score |
Candidate’s Score |
A |
1 – 5 |
25 |
|
B |
6 |
25 |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
Total score |
|
QUESTIONS
SECTION A
Answer all questions in this section
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- Differentiate between mining and quarrying (2mks)
- List down three oil producing countries in the Middle East (3mks)
-
- Name two forest reserves in Kenya (2mks)
- State three characteristics of equatorial rainforest (3mks)
-
- What is meant by the term ranching (2mks)
- State three conditions which favour cattle ranching in Kenya (3mks)
-
- Give two factors that determine the amount of water for irrigation (2mks)
- State three methods used to reclaim land in Kenya (3mks)
-
- Name two major regions with high cottage industrial concentration in India (2mks)
- State three reasons why new county government system in Kenya should encourage the Jua Kali industries in their region (3mks)
SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section
- The table below shows crop production in Kenya in tonnes for a period of five years
Crop/Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
Maize
Peas
Onions
Cabbages
600
400
300
100
800
600
400
200
700
400
300
200
800
700
600
400
-
- Using a vertical scale of 1cm represent 200 tonnes present the above data using a compound bar graph (9mks)
- State three advantages of using compound bar graph as a method of data presentation (3mks)
- Explain how the following factors influence horticultural farming in Netherlands
- Technology (2mks)
- Marketing (2mks)
- State three features of horticultural farming in Netherlands (3mks)
- Explain three difficulties that farmers in Kenya experience in marketing horticultural produce (6mks)
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-
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- What is forestry? (2mks)
- Explain three factors that favour the growth of natural forests on the slopes of Mt Kenya (6mks)
- Name three exotic species of trees planted in Kenya (3mks)
- State four ways in which the clearing of the forests has affected the natural environment in Kenya (4mks)
- Discuss 3 challenges experienced in the exploitation of tropical hardwood forests in Kenya (6mks)
- Give the differences in the exploitation of softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings
- Period of harvesting (2mks)
- Distribution of softwood (2mks)
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-
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- Name two countries found in the North West Pacific fishing ground (2mks)
- Explain four physical factors that favour fishing in the above fishing ground (8mks)
- Describe the following methods of fishing
- Drifting (4mks)
- Purse seining (4mks)
- Compare fishing in Kenya and Japan under the following sub-headings
- Fishing ground (2mks)
- Climate (2mks)
- State three significance of fishing to the economy of Kenya (3mks)
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-
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- What is wildlife? (2mks)
- Name three natural habitats for wildlife (3mks)
- Explain three human factors that favour tourism in Kenya (6mks)
- Explain four roles played by the Kenya Tuorism Development Corporation in promoting tourism in Kenya (8mks)
- Explain three factors that hinder domestic tourism in Kenya (6mks)
-
-
- Name four geothermal power sites in Kenya (4mks)
- State four factors that influenced the location of Olkaria Geothermal unit (4mks)
-
- State four factors that limit the expansion of Geothermal power production in Kenya (4mks)
- Explain five ways in which Kenya has benefited from development of the Seven Forks Dam HEP projects (10mks)
- State three benefits of rural electrification in Kenya (3mks)
MARKING SCHEME
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- Differentiate between mining and quarrying. (2mks)
- Mining is the process of extracting valuable mineral ores – both solid and liquid- from the earth while quarrying is the removal of rocks to form blocks (hard core) ballast for building and road construction.
- List down three oil producing countries in the Middle East (3mks)
- Saudi Arabia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Kuwait
- Qatar
- United Arab Emirates
- Differentiate between mining and quarrying. (2mks)
-
- Name two forest reserves in Kenya (2mks)
- Arabuko Sokoke forest reserve
- Mt. Kenya forest reserve
- Kakamega forest
- Witu forest
- State three characteristics of equatorial rainforest (3mks)
- The forests have a variety of tree species
- Trees are mostly hardwoods
- Trees are tall and form canopy
- Forests are evergreen as they shed leaves at different times of the year.
- Name two forest reserves in Kenya (2mks)
-
- What is meant by the term ranching (2mks)
- Ranching is the practice of raising herds of animals in large tracts of land.
- State three conditions which favour cattle ranching in Kenya (3mks)
- Large tracts of land in arid and semi-arid areas
- Availability of watering sites like the Lotikipi and Saiwa.
- Moderate rainfall which ensure there is enough pastures
- Moderate temperatures
- What is meant by the term ranching (2mks)
-
- Give two factors that determine the amount of water for irrigation. (2mks
- The amount of rain received in an area.
- The water retention capacity of the soils
- The type of crop and scale of operation
- State three methods used to reclaim land in Kenya. (3mks)
- Draining of swamps and flood prone areas
- Irrigating of dry lands
- Introduction of drought resistant crops
- Afforestation
- Agroforestry
- Give two factors that determine the amount of water for irrigation. (2mks
-
- Name two major regions with high cottage industrial concentration in India (2mks)
- Mumbai
- Calcutta
- Jabalpur
- Madras
- Magpur
- Bhapal
- State three reasons why new county government system in Kenya should encourage the Jua Kali industries in their region (3mks)
- Jua-kali sector creates employment opportunities to thousands of people.
- The industry will help to raise the standards of living of the people.
- Jua-kali sector earn income to the county government through taxes.
- It produces cheaper goods than those produced in formal industries
- Name two major regions with high cottage industrial concentration in India (2mks)
- The table below shows crop production in Kenya in tones for a period of five years.
Crop/Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
Maize
Peas
Onions
Cabbages
600
400
300
100
800
600
400
200
700
400
300
200
800
700
600
400
-
- Using a vertical scale of 1cm represent 200 tonnes present the above data using a compound bar graph. (9mks)
- State three advantages of using compound bar graph as a method of data presentation. (3mks)
- Provides a clear visual impression of the total value.
- It is easy to read the highest and lowest value at a glance.
- It facilitates comparison of data.
- The trends of the commodity in a given period can be depicted.
- A number of different variables can be represented in one bar
- Using a vertical scale of 1cm represent 200 tonnes present the above data using a compound bar graph. (9mks)
- Explain how the following factors influence horticultural farming in Netherlands
- Technology (2mks)
- Farmers use advanced technology in the green houses leading to quality produce.
- Marketing (2mks)
- Farmers have highly organized co-operative societies which market or auction the products.
- Technology (2mks)
- State three features of horticultural farming in Netherlands. (3mks)
- Farms are generally small in size
- Farmers use advanced/highly specialized techniques of crop production e.g green houses
- The farms are intensively used.
- Farming is largely labour intensive.
- Explain three difficulties that farmers in Kenya experience in marketing horticultural produce. (6mks)
- Impassible roads during the rainy season make it difficult for the perishable produce to reach the market.
- Poor marketing structure lead to reliance on middlemen who exploit farmers.
- Low quality produce make farmers incur loses/demolorised.
- Farmers face stiff competition from established or upcoming producer.
- Fluctuation of world market prices cause inconsistency in the profit margins thus discouraging farmers.
- Limited preservation facilities leads to spoilage of farmers’ produce
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-
-
- What is forestry? (2mks)
- It is the science of planting and caring of forests and their associated resources.
- Practice of managing and using trees/forests with associated resources. (any)
- Explain three factors that favour the growth of natural forests on the slopes of Mt. Kenya. (6mks)
- The area receives high rainfall 1000-2200mm throughout the year which encourages continuous growth of trees.
- Has deep fertile soils that allow roots to penetrate deep into ground to support the trees.
- Well drained soils thus there is no water logging which can interfere with the growth of variety of trees.
- The area is a gazette forest reserve which are prohibited hence allowing forests to grow without interference.
- The steep slopes discourage human activities thus enabling forests to thrive. (first)
- What is forestry? (2mks)
- Name three exotic species of trees planted in Kenya. (3mks)
- Pine
- Cypress
- Wattle
- Blue gum/Eucalyptus
- State four ways in which the clearing of the forests has affected the natural environment in Kenya. (4mks)
- Lead to reduce volume of water in the rivers/cause rivers to dry up.
- Lead to destruction of natural habitat for wildlife.
- Changes in rainfall pattern/desertification
- Interfere with the natural beauty of the environment
- Disrupted the ecosystem
- Accelerated the soil erosion
- Discuss 3 challenges experienced in the exploitation of tropical hardwood forests in Kenya. (6mks)
- Trees occur in mixed stand – exploitation is difficult.
- Huge buttress roots as the base of the trees making felling cumbersome
- Dense undergrowth – thick forest – hinder accessibility
- Huge trunks – difficult to exploit.
- Trees are heavy limiting use of rivers to transport
- Give the differences in the exploitation of softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings
- Period of harvesting (2mks)
- Kenya – Done throughout the year while Canada is done in winter and early spring.
- Distribution of softwood. (2mks)
- Kenya – mainly in highlands while in Canada is both highlands and lowlands
- Kenya – Small percentage of the total land while in Canada large tracts are covered.
- Period of harvesting (2mks)
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-
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- Name two countries found in the North West Pacific fishing ground. (2mks)
- Japan
- China
- Malaysia
- Indonesia
- Explain four physical factors that favour fishing in the above fishing ground. (8mks)
- Japan is generally mountainous which does not favour agriculture making fishing the only economic activity.
- Numerous islads provide good breeding ground for fish hence fishing.
- Extensive continental shelf are shallow providing light for the growth of plankton which is food for fish.
- Cool temperatures arising form the meeting of cold oxygen and warm kurosino providing conditions for plankton survival
- Name two countries found in the North West Pacific fishing ground. (2mks)
- Describe the following methods of fishing
- Drifting (4mks)
- The net is placed vertically to hang it in water
- The net is fitted with floats on the upper edge and weights below and then placed a few meters below the water and pulled by powerful boats called drifters.
- When fish swim into the net they are entangled by their gills and cannot get out of the net.
- Once enough fish are caught the net is hauled onto the boat and fish is removed.
- Purse Seining (4mks)
- The purse seine net is laid in a circle to enclose a school of fish.
- At the bottom of the net are rings through which passes a rope .
- One end of the rope is attached to a boat and the other part is pulled by another boat around a school of fish.
- When the circle is completed, the rope is pulled to close the net forming a bow-like shape hence trapping fish.
- The net is then hauled to the shore and fish is removed.
- Drifting (4mks)
- Compare fishing in Kenya and Japan under the following sub-headings
- Fishing ground (2mks)
- Japan’s main fishing ground is marine while Kenya’s is mainly inland.
- Climate (2mks)
- Kenya’s climate is warm discouraging growth of planktons and the variety of fish species therefore fishing is not elaborate while Japan’s climate is cool favoring planktons growth hence intensive fishing.
- Fishing ground (2mks)
- State three significance of fishing to the economy of Kenya. (3mks)
- Export of fish earn foreign exchange used to develop the economy.
- Fishing is a source of government revenue through taxation which is invested in other areas.
- Fishing waters produce raw material to produce lubricants, fertilizers and cosmetics.
- Fish creates employment opportunities that earns income to fishermen.
- Fishing is a sport that attract tourists thus generate foreign exchange for the country.
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- What is wildlife? (2mks)
- Wildlife refers to all undomesticated plants and animals in their natural habitat.
- Name three natural habitats for wildlife. (3mks)
- Forests
- Woodlands
- Acacia/Savanna grasslands
- Scrublands
- Desert and semi arid land
- Rivers, lakes, swamps
- What is wildlife? (2mks)
- Explain three human factors that favour tourism in Kenya. (6mks)
- Wide cultural heritage
- Relative political stability
- Fairly good transport and communication network
- Well organized package tours
- Advertisement
- Availability of accommodation (well explained)
- Explain four roles played by the Kenya Tuorism Development Corporation in promoting tourism in Kenya (8mks)
- Advertises Kenya as a tourism destination
- Provides advisory services to tourism industry
- Provides affordable and accessible finance
- Ensures there is adequate security in collaboration with the government
- Explain three factors that hinder domestic tourism in Kenya. (6mks)
- Negative attitude towards local tourism by the citizens
- High cost of accommodation in the lodges and hotels discourages many local tourists
- Poor transport and communication network of roads leading to the parks and other attractive sites.
- Differential treatment given to the foreign tourists discouraged the locals.
- Inadequate knowledge on the tourist attraction sites.
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- Name four geothermal power sites in Kenya (4mks)
- Olkaria
- Eburu near Naivasha
- Lake Bogoria
- Menengai
- State four factors that influenced the location of Olkaria Geothermal unit. (4mks)
- The area had small population hence less cost of resettling people.
- Presence of many geysers to generate the necessary steam to turn turbines
- There was need to open up the area since it was remote
- Presence of hard basement rock
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- State four factors that limit the expansion of Geothermal power production in Kenya. (4mks)
- Inadequate capital for investment
- Inadequate skilled labour
- Inadequate technology
- Government bureaucracy and political interference
- Explain five ways in which Kenya has benefited from development of the Seven Forks Dam H.E.P. projects. (10mks)
- The dams have provide useful sites for education purposes.
- It has led to reduction of importation of power, thus saving the foreign exchange.
- It has lead to control of floods in lower parts of River Tana thus reducing the incidents of loss of life and farm produce in the area.
- Dams are used for generating electricity which is used for industrial and domestic purposes.
- The dams are tourists attractions which generate foreign exchange for the country.
- The reservoirs provide fishing grounds which supply fish to the local people.
- It has led to improvement of roads making the area more accessible
- The scheme led to the development of industries thus creating employment opportunities.
- State four factors that limit the expansion of Geothermal power production in Kenya. (4mks)
- State three benefits of rural electrification in Kenya. (3mks)
- It wood reduce cutting down of trees as electricity would be available for domestic use.
- More people would invest in rural areas which would lead to higher standards of living
- Would encourage setting up of industries in the rural areas thus stimulating decentralization of industries.
- It would attract/improve social amenities in rural areas reducing the need for people to move to urban centres.
- It would encourage development of horticultural farming as storage of perishable products will be possible.
- Name four geothermal power sites in Kenya (4mks)
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